Ethel Merman

Ethel Merman (born Ethel Agnes Zimmermann, January 16, 1908 – February 15, 1984) was an American actress, artist, and singer.[1] Known primarily for her distinctive, powerful voice and leading roles in musical theatre, she has been called "the undisputed First Lady of the musical comedy stage".[2] Over her distinguished career in theater she became known for her iconic performances in shows such as Anything Goes, Annie Get Your Gun, Gypsy, and Hello, Dolly!. She is also known for her film roles in Anything Goes (1936), Call Me Madam (1953), There's No Business Like Show Business (1954), and It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963). Among many accolades, she received the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical for her performance in Call Me Madam, a Grammy Award for Gypsy and Drama Desk Award for Hello, Dolly!.

Ethel Merman
Merman in 1956
Born	Ethel Agnes Zimmermann (1908-01-16)January 16, 1908 Astoria, Queens, New York City, U.S.
Died	February 15, 1984(1984-02-15) (aged 76) Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
Resting place	Shrine of Remembrance Mausoleum, Colorado Springs, Colorado
Occupation	Actress, singer, artist
Years active	1930–1982
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	William Smith ​ ( m. 1940; div. 1941) Robert Levitt, Sr. ​ ( m. 1941; div. 1952) Robert Six ​ ( m. 1953; div. 1960) Ernest Borgnine ​ ( m. 1964; div. 1964)
Children	2

Among the many standards introduced by Merman in Broadway musicals are "I Got Rhythm" (from Girl Crazy); "Everything's Coming Up Roses", "Some People", and "Rose's Turn" (from Gypsy—Merman starred as Rose in the original 1959 Broadway production); and the Cole Porter songs "It's De-Lovely" (from Red, Hot and Blue), "Friendship" (from DuBarry Was a Lady), and "I Get a Kick Out of You", "You're the Top", and "Anything Goes" (from Anything Goes). The Irving Berlin song "There's No Business Like Show Business", written for the musical Annie Get Your Gun, became Merman's signature song.

Early life

Merman was born in her maternal grandmother's house located at 359 4th Avenue in Astoria, Queens in New York City in 1908, though she later emphatically insisted that it was actually 1912.[3] Her father, Edward Zimmermann (1879–1977), was an accountant with James H. Dunham & Company, a Manhattan wholesale dry-goods company, and her mother, Agnes (Gardner) Zimmermann (1883–1974), was a teacher. Edward Zimmermann had been raised in the Dutch Reformed Church and his wife was Presbyterian. Shortly after they married, they joined the Episcopal congregation at Church of the Redeemer, where their daughter was baptized. Her parents were strict about church attendance, and she spent every Sunday there, at morning services, followed by Sunday school, an afternoon prayer meeting, and an evening study group for children.[4] Her family was of German and Scottish ancestry.[5]

Merman attended P.S. 4 and William Cullen Bryant High School (which later named its auditorium in her honor), where she pursued a commercial course that offered secretarial training.[6] She was active in numerous extracurricular activities, including the school magazine, the speakers' club, and student council, and she frequented the local music store to peruse the weekly arrivals of new sheet music.[7] On Friday nights, the Zimmermann family took the subway into Manhattan to see the vaudeville show at the Palace Theatre, where Merman saw Blossom Seeley, Fanny Brice, Sophie Tucker, and Nora Bayes. At home, she tried to emulate their singing styles, but her own distinctive voice was difficult to disguise.[8]

After graduating from Bryant High School in 1924, Merman was hired as a stenographer by the Boyce-Ite Company. One day during her lunch break, she met Vic Kliesrath, who offered her a job at the Bragg-Kliesrath Corporation for a $5 increase above the weekly $23 salary she was earning, and Merman accepted the offer.[9] She eventually was made personal secretary to company president Caleb Bragg, whose frequent lengthy absences from the office to race automobiles allowed her to catch up on the sleep she had lost the previous night when she was out late performing at private parties.[9] During this period, Merman also began appearing in nightclubs, first hired by Jimmy Durante's partner Lou Clayton. At this time, she decided the name Ethel Zimmermann was too long for a theater marquee. She considered combining Ethel with Gardner or Hunter, which was her grandmother's maiden name. These considerations caused her father's ire, and she abbreviated Zimmermann to Merman to appease her father.[10]

Career

Early career

During a two-week engagement at a club in midtown Manhattan called Little Russia, Merman met agent Lou Irwin, who arranged for her to audition for Archie Mayo, a film director under contract at Warner Bros. He offered her an exclusive six-month contract, starting at $125 per week, and Merman quit her day job, only to find herself idle for weeks while waiting to be cast in a film. She finally urged Irwin to try to cancel her agreement with Mayo; instead, he negotiated her a better deal allowing her to perform in clubs while remaining on the Warners payroll. Merman was hired as a torch singer at Les Ambassadeurs, where the headliner was Jimmy Durante, and the two became lifelong friends. She caught the attention of columnists such as Walter Winchell and Mark Hellinger, who began giving her publicity. Soon after, Merman underwent a tonsillectomy she feared might damage her voice, but after recovering, she discovered it was more powerful than ever.[11]

While performing on the prestigious Keith Circuit, Merman was signed to replace Ruth Etting in the Paramount film Follow the Leader (1930), starring Ed Wynn and Ginger Rogers. Following a successful seven-week run at the Brooklyn Paramount, she was signed to perform at the Palace for $500 per week. During the run, theatre producer Vinton Freedley saw her perform and invited her to audition for the role of San Francisco café singer Kate Fothergill in the new George and Ira Gershwin musical Girl Crazy. Upon hearing her sing "I Got Rhythm", the Gershwins immediately cast her, and Merman began juggling daytime rehearsals with her matinee and evening performance schedule at the Palace.[12]

Girl Crazy opened on October 14, 1930, at the Alvin Theatre, where it ran for 272 performances.[13] The New York Times noted Merman sang "with dash, authority, good voice and just the right knowing style", and The New Yorker called her "imitative of no one."[14] Merman was fairly blasé about her notices, prompting George Gershwin to ask her mother "Have you ever seen a person so unconcerned as Ethel?"

Ethel Merman with Tyrone Power in the trailer for Alexander's Ragtime Band

During the run of Girl Crazy, Paramount signed Merman to appear in a series of 10 short musical films, most of which allowed her to sing a rousing number as well as a ballad. She also performed at the Central Park Casino, the Paramount Theatre, and a return engagement at the Palace. As soon as Girl Crazy closed, her parents and she departed for a much-needed vacation in Lake George in Upstate New York, but after their first day there, Merman was summoned to Atlantic City, New Jersey to help salvage the troubled latest edition of George White's Scandals. Because she was still under contract to Freedley, White was forced to pay the producer $10,000 for her services, in addition to her weekly $1,500 salary. Following the Atlantic City run, the show played in Newark, New Jersey and then Brooklyn before opening on Broadway, where it ran for 202 performances.[15]

Merman's next show, Humpty Dumpty, began rehearsals in August 1932 and opened—and immediately closed—in Pittsburgh the following month. Producer Buddy DeSylva, who also had written the book and lyrics, was certain it could be reworked into a success, and with a revamped script and additional songs by Vincent Youmans,[16] it opened with the new title Take a Chance on November 26 at the 42nd Street Apollo Theatre, where it ran for 243 performances.[17] Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times called it "fast, loud, and funny" and added Merman "has never loosed herself with quite so much abandon." Following the Broadway run, she agreed to join the show on the road, but shortly after the Chicago opening, she claimed the chlorine in the city's water supply was irritating her throat, and returned to Manhattan.[14]

Merman returned to Hollywood to appear in We're Not Dressing (1934), a screwball comedy based on the J.M. Barrie play The Admirable Crichton. Despite working with a cast including Bing Crosby, Carole Lombard, and Burns and Allen, under the direction of Academy Award–winning director Norman Taurog, Merman was unhappy with the experience, and she was dismayed to discover one of her musical numbers had been cut when she attended the New York opening with her family and friends. She also appeared on screen with Eddie Cantor in Kid Millions (also 1934), but her return to Broadway established her as a major star and cemented her image as a tough girl.[18]

Anything Goes proved to be the first of five Cole Porter musicals in which Merman starred. In addition to the title song, the score included "I Get a Kick Out of You", "You're the Top", and "Blow Gabriel Blow". It opened on November 21, 1934, at the Alvin Theatre,[19] and the New York Post called Merman "vivacious and ingratiating in her comedy moments, and the embodiment of poise and technical adroitness" when singing "as only she knows how to do." Although Merman always had remained with a show until the end of its run, she left Anything Goes after eight months to appear with Eddie Cantor in the film Strike Me Pink. She was replaced by Benay Venuta, with whom she enjoyed a long but frequently tempestuous friendship.[20]

Merman initially was overlooked for the film version of Anything Goes (1936). Bing Crosby insisted his wife Dixie Lee be cast as Reno Sweeney opposite his Billy Crocker, but when she unexpectedly dropped out of the project, Merman was cast in the role she had originated on stage. From the beginning, it was clear to Merman the film would not be the enjoyable experience she had hoped it would be. The focus was shifted to Crosby, leaving her very much in a supporting role. Many of Porter's ribald lyrics were altered to conform to the guidelines of the Motion Picture Production Code, and "Blow Gabriel Blow" was eliminated completely, replaced by a song, "Shang Hai-de-Ho", that Merman was forced to perform in a headdress made of peacock feathers while surrounded by dancers dressed as Chinese slave girls. The film was completed $201,000 over budget and 17 days behind schedule. Richard Watts, Jr. of the New York Herald Tribune described it as "dull and commonplace", with Merman doing "as well as possible", but unable to register "on screen as magnificently as she does on stage."[21]

In the film trailer for There's No Business Like Show Business (1954)

Merman returned to Broadway for another Porter musical, but despite the presence of Jimmy Durante and Bob Hope in the cast, Red, Hot and Blue closed after less than six months.[22] Back in Hollywood, Merman was featured in Happy Landing, one of the top 10 box-office hits of 1938 comedy with Sonja Henie, Cesar Romero and Don Ameche; another the box-office hit Alexander's Ragtime Band, a pastiche of Irving Berlin songs interpolated into a plot that vaguely paralleled the composer's life; and Straight Place and Show, a critical and commercial flop starring the Ritz Brothers.[23] She returned to the stage in Stars in Your Eyes, which struggled to survive while the public flocked to the 1939 New York World's Fair instead, and finally closed short of four months.[24] Merman followed this with two more Porter musicals. DuBarry Was a Lady, with Bert Lahr and Betty Grable, ran for a year,[25] and Panama Hattie, with Betty Hutton (whose musical numbers were cut from the show on opening night at Merman's insistence), June Allyson, and Arthur Treacher, fared even better, lasting slightly more than 14 months.[26]

Shortly after the opening of the latter, Merman—still despondent about the end of her affair with Stork Club owner Sherman Billingsley—married her first husband, Treacher's agent, William Smith. She later said she knew on their wedding night she had made "a dreadful mistake," and two months later, she filed for divorce on grounds of desertion.[27] Shortly after she met and married Robert D. Levitt, promotion director for the New York Journal-American. The couple eventually had two children and divorced in 1952 because of his excessive drinking and erratic behavior.[28]

In 1943, Merman was a featured performer in the film Stage Door Canteen and opened in another Porter musical, Something for the Boys, produced by Michael Todd. Her next project was Sadie Thompson, a Vernon Duke–Howard Dietz musical adaptation of a W. Somerset Maugham short story, but Merman found she was unable to retain the lyrics and resigned 12 days after rehearsals began.[29]

In August 1945, while in the hospital recovering from the Caesarean birth of her second child, Merman was visited by Dorothy Fields, who proposed she star as Annie Oakley in a musical her brother Herbert and she were writing with Jerome Kern. Merman accepted, but in November, Kern suffered a stroke while in New York City visiting Rodgers and Hammerstein (the producers of the show) and died a few days later. Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II invited Irving Berlin to replace him,[30] and the result was Annie Get Your Gun, which opened on May 16, 1946 at the Imperial Theatre, where it ran for nearly three years and 1,147 performances.[31] During this time, Merman took only two vacations and missed only two performances because of illness.[32] Merman lost the film version to Judy Garland, who eventually was replaced by Betty Hutton, but she did star in a Broadway revival two decades later at Lincoln Center with Bruce Yarnell, who was 27 years Merman's junior, cast as Frank E. Butler, Annie Oakley's loyal husband and manager.

Merman and Berlin reunited for Call Me Madam in 1950, for which she won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical, and she starred in the 1953 screen adaptation as well, winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for her performance. The following year, she appeared as the matriarch of the singing and dancing Donahue family in There's No Business Like Show Business, a film with a Berlin score.

Merman returned to Broadway at the behest of her third husband, Continental Airlines executive Robert Six, who was upset she had chosen to become a housewife in Colorado following their wedding in 1953. He expected her public appearances to engender publicity for the airline, and her decision to forgo the limelight did not sit well with him. He urged her to accept the lead in Happy Hunting, with a book by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse (who had written Call Me Madam) and a score by the unknown team of Harold Karr and Matt Dubey. Merman acquiesced to her husband's demands, although she clashed with the composers from the start and soon was at odds with co-star Fernando Lamas and his wife Arlene Dahl, who frequently attended rehearsals. Based on the Merman name, the show opened in New York with an advance sale of $1.5 million, and despite the star's dissatisfaction with it, garnered respectable reviews. Although Brooks Atkinson thought the score was "hardly more than adequate", he called Merman "as brassy as ever, glowing like a neon light whenever she steps on the stage." Several months into the run, she insisted that two of her least-favorite numbers be replaced by songs written by her friend Roger Edens, who, because of his exclusive contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, credited them to Kay Thompson. She lost the Tony Award to Judy Holliday in Bells Are Ringing, and the show closed after 412 performances, with Merman happy to see what she considered "a dreary obligation" finally come to an end.[33]

Later career

Gypsy was based on the memoirs of Gypsy Rose Lee and starred Merman as her domineering stage mother Rose Hovick, possibly Merman's best-remembered performance. The musical opened on May 21, 1959, at The Broadway Theatre. In the New York Post, Richard Watts called Merman "a brilliant actress," and Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times wrote that "She gives an indomitable performance, both as actress and singer." Despite the acclaim, Merman lost the Tony Award to her close friend Mary Martin in The Sound of Music and jokingly quipped "How are you going to buck a nun?" Shortly after she divorced Robert Six, his affair with television actress Audrey Meadows became public, and she found solace in her work.[34]

Throughout the 702-performance run of Gypsy, Mervyn LeRoy saw it numerous times, and repeatedly assured Merman that he planned to cast her in the film adaptation he was preparing. However, before the show's closing, it was announced that Rosalind Russell instead had been signed to star. Russell's husband, theatre producer Frederick Brisson (whom Merman later called "the lizard of Roz"),[35] had sold the screen rights to the Leonard Spigelgass play A Majority of One to Warner Bros. with the stipulation his wife would star in both films. Because Russell was still a major box-office draw with the success of Auntie Mame a few years earlier, and Merman never having established herself as a popular screen presence, the studio agreed to Brisson's terms. Merman was devastated at this turn of events and called the loss of the role "the greatest professional disappointment of my life." [36]

Following the Broadway closing of Gypsy on March 25, 1961, Merman half-heartedly embarked on the national tour. In San Francisco, she severely injured her back, but continued to play to packed houses. During the Los Angeles run, LeRoy visited her backstage and claimed Russell was so ill that "I think you're going to end up getting this part." Believing the film version of Gypsy was within her grasp, she generously gave him the many house seats he requested for friends and industry colleagues, only to discover she had been duped.[37] During her run in Gypsy, Merman earned an estimated $130,000 per year in the role plus 10% of the box-office receipts.[38]

Left to right: Edie Adams, Sid Caesar, Jonathan Winters, Ethel Merman, Milton Berle, Mickey Rooney and Buddy Hackett

In 1963, Merman starred in the ensemble comedy film It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World alongside Spencer Tracy, Sid Caesar, Jonathan Winters, Phil Silvers, Buddy Hackett, and Mickey Rooney. Merman played Mrs. Marcus, the loudmouthed, battle-axe mother in-law of Milton Berle. The film was a major box office success earning $60 million off a budget of $9.4 million, becoming the 3rd highest-grossing film of 1963. The film received 6 Academy Award nominations.

She also starred in the flop The Art of Love (1965). She made dozens of television appearances on variety series hosted by Perry Como, Red Skelton, Judy Garland, Dean Martin, Ed Sullivan, and Carol Burnett, talk shows with Mike Douglas, Dick Cavett, and Merv Griffin, and in episodes of That Girl, The Lucy Show, Match Game, Batman, Tarzan, and others.

Producer David Merrick encouraged Jerry Herman to compose Hello, Dolly! specifically for Merman's vocal range, but when he offered her the role, she declined it. She finally joined the cast on March 28, 1970, six years after the production opened. On Merman's opening night, her performance was continually brought to a halt by prolonged standing ovations, and the critics unanimously heralded her return to the New York stage. Walter Kerr in The New York Times described her voice: "Exactly as trumpet-clean, exactly as penny whistle-piercing, exactly as Wurlitzer-wonderful as it always was." He wrote: "Her comic sense is every bit as authoritative, as high-handed, really, as her voice."[39] The seventh actress to portray the scheming matchmaker in the original Broadway production, she remained with the musical for 210 performances until it closed on December 27, 1970. Merman received the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance for what proved to be her last appearance on Broadway.

For the remainder of her career, Merman worked as frequently as offers were made. In 1979, she recorded The Ethel Merman Disco Album, with many of her signature songs are set to a disco beat. Her last screen role was a self-parody in the 1980 comedy film Airplane!, in which she portrayed Lieutenant Hurwitz, a shell-shocked soldier who thinks he is Ethel Merman. In the cameo appearance, Merman leaps out of bed singing "Everything's Coming Up Roses" as orderlies sedate her. She also appeared in several episodes of The Love Boat (playing Gopher's mother), guest-starred on a CBS tribute to George Gershwin, did a summer comedy/concert tour with Carroll O'Connor, played a two-week engagement at the London Palladium, performed with Mary Martin in a concert benefiting the theatre and museum collection of the Museum of the City of New York, and frequently appeared as a soloist with symphony orchestras. She also volunteered at St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (now Mount Sinai West) working in the gift shop or visiting patients.

Performance style

Merman was known for her powerful, belting mezzo-soprano voice and precise enunciation and pitch.[40] Because stage singers performed without microphones when Merman began singing professionally, she had a great advantage, despite never taking singing lessons. Broadway lore holds that George Gershwin advised her never to take a singing lesson after she opened in his Girl Crazy.[41]

Caryl Flinn's 2007 biography includes a very large amount of quotes from reviews of Merman's work, most of which were compliments to her. Brooks Atkinson summed up her talent:[42]

She makes a song seem like a spontaneous expression of her personality, which may be regarded as the ultimate skill in the art of singing songs

Personal life

Ethel Merman at the typewriter in 1953, New York World-Telegram photo by Walter Albertin

Marriages and children

Merman was married and divorced four times. Her first marriage, in 1940, was to theatrical agent William Smith. They were divorced in 1941.[43] Later that same year, Merman married newspaper executive Robert Levitt. The couple had two children: Ethel (born July 20, 1942)[44] and Robert, Jr. (born August 11, 1945). Merman and Levitt were divorced in 1952. In March 1953, Merman married Robert Six, the president of Continental Airlines.[45] They separated in December 1959 and were divorced in 1960.[43][46]

Merman's fourth and final marriage was to actor Ernest Borgnine.[47] They were married in Beverly Hills on June 27, 1964.[48] They separated on August 7, and Borgnine filed for divorce on October 21.[49]

In a radio interview, she said of her many marriages: "We all make mistakes. That's why they put rubbers on pencils, and that's what I did. I made a few lulus!"[50] In her autobiography Merman (1978), the chapter titled "My Marriage to Ernest Borgnine" consists of one blank page.[51]

Ethel Levitt, her daughter, died on August 23, 1967, of a drug overdose that was ruled accidental.[52][53] Her son Robert, Jr. was married to actress Barbara Colby who, while estranged from Robert, was shot and killed along with her friend in a parking garage in Los Angeles in July 1975 by apparent gang members who had no clear motive.[54]

Profanity

Merman was notorious for her brash demeanour and for telling vulgar stories at public parties. For instance, she once shouted a dirty joke across the room at José Ferrer during a formal reception.[55]

While rehearsing a guest appearance on The Loretta Young Show, Merman exclaimed "Where the hell does this go?" Young, who was a devout Catholic, advanced towards her waving an empty coffee can, saying "Come on Ethel. You know my rules. That'll cost you a dollar." To which Merman replied "Tell me, Loretta, how much will it cost me to tell you to go fuck yourself?"[56]

Politics

Merman, a lifelong Republican, was a frequent guest at the Eisenhower White House.[57] Merman was also noted as saying, "Eisenhower was my war hero and the President I admire and respect most."[58] On January 20, 1981, Merman performed at the inauguration of Ronald Reagan singing "Everything's Coming up Roses".[59]

Autobiographies

Merman co-wrote two memoirs. The first, Who Could Ask for Anything More? (1955), was published by Doubleday & Co. and written with the assistance of Pete Martin.[60] The second, Merman (1978), was published by Simon & Schuster and written with George Eels.[61]

Later life and death

Merman began to become forgetful with advancing age, and on occasion, had difficulty with her speech. At times her behavior was erratic, causing concern among her friends. On April 7, 1983, she was preparing to travel to Los Angeles to appear on the 55th Academy Awards telecast, when she collapsed in her apartment. Merman was taken to Roosevelt Hospital (Mount Sinai West) where doctors initially thought she had suffered a stroke. However, after undergoing exploratory surgery on April 11, Merman was diagnosed with stage 4 glioblastoma.[62] The New York Times reported that she underwent brain surgery to have the tumor removed, but it was inoperable and her condition was deemed terminal (doctors had given Merman eight and half months to live).[62][63] The tumor caused Merman to become aphasic, and as her illness progressed, she lost her hair and her face swelled.[64][65] According to Merman biographer Brian Kellow, Merman's family and manager did not want the true nature of her condition revealed to the public.[63] Merman's son Robert, Jr., who took charge of her care, later said he chose not to publicly disclose his mother's true condition because Merman strove to keep her personal life private. He stated "Mom truly appreciated [her fans'] presence and their applause. But you shouldn't attempt to be personal—she drew lines, and she could cut you off."[64]

Merman's health eventually stabilized enough for her to be brought back to her apartment in Manhattan. On February 15, 1984, 10 months after she was diagnosed with brain cancer, Merman died at her home in Manhattan at the age of 76.[66] On the evening of Merman's death, all 36 theatres on Broadway dimmed their lights at 9 pm in her honor.[67][68] A private funeral service for Merman was held in a chapel at St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church on February 27, after which Merman was cremated at the Frank E. Campbell Funeral Chapel.[69][70] In accordance with her wishes, Merman's remains were given to her son Robert, Jr.[62] Merman was interred in the Shrine of Remembrance Mausoleum in Colorado Springs, Colorado, next to her daughter Ethel.

Upon her death, Merman left an estate estimated to be worth US$1.5 million (equivalent to $3.7 million in 2019) to be divided between her son and two grandchildren.[71]

On October 10, 1984, an auction of her personal effects, including furniture, artwork, and theatre memorabilia, earned in excess of $120,000 (equivalent to $295,000 in 2019) at Christie's East.[72] The 56th Academy Awards, held on April 2, 1984, ended with a performance of "There's No Business Like Show Business" in tribute to Merman.

On June 25, 2019, The New York Times Magazine listed Ethel Merman among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the 2008 Universal fire.[73]

Work

Theatre

Ethel Merman in a trailer for Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938)

Year	Title	Role	Venue
1930	Girl Crazy	Kate Fothergill	Alvin Theatre, Broadway
1931	George White's Scandals of 1931	Performer	Apollo Theatre, Broadway
1932	Take a Chance	Various roles
1934	Anything Goes	Reno Sweeney	Alvin Theatre, Broadway
1936	Red, Hot and Blue	Nails O'Reilly Duquesne
1939	Stars in Your Eyes	Jeanette Adair	Majestic Theatre, Broadway
1939	DuBarry Was a Lady	May Daly/Mme. Du Barry	46th Street Theatre, Broadway
1940	Panama Hattie	Hattie Maloney	46th Street Theatre, Broadway
1943	Something for the Boys	Blossom Hart	Alvin Theatre, Broadway
1944	Sadie Thompson	Sadie Thompson
1946	Annie Get Your Gun	Annie Oakley	Imperial Theatre, Broadway
1950	Call Me Madam	Mrs. Sally Adams
1956	Happy Hunting	Liz Livingstone	Majestic Theatre, Broadway
1959	Gypsy	Rose Havick	Broadway Theatre, Broadway
1966	Annie Get Your Gun	Annie Oakley
1970	Hello, Dolly!	Mrs. Dolly Levi	St. James Theatre, Broadway
1977	Mary Martin & Ethel Merman: Together On Broadway	Performer	Broadway Theatre, Broadway

Filmography

In the film Stage Door Canteen (1943)

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1930	Follow the Leader	Helen King
1934	We're Not Dressing	Edith
1934	Kid Millions	Dot Clark
1935	The Big Broadcast of 1936	Ethel Merman
1936	Strike Me Pink	Joyce Lennox
1936	Anything Goes	Reno Sweeney
1938	Happy Landing	Flo Kelly
1938	Alexander's Ragtime Band	Jerry Allen
1938	Straight, Place or Show	Linda Tyler
1943	Stage Door Canteen	Ethel Merman
1953	Call Me Madam	Sally Adams
1954	There's No Business Like Show Business	Molly Donahue
1963	It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World	Mrs. Marcus
1965	The Art of Love	Madame Coco La Fontaine
1974	Journey Back to Oz	Mombi, the Bad Witch	Voice; Animated film
1976	Won Ton Ton, the Dog Who Saved Hollywood	Hedda Parsons
1980	Airplane!	Lieutenant Hurwitz

Television

Ethel Merman in a trailer for Alexander's Ragtime Band (1938)

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1949	The Milton Berle Show	Herself	3 episodes
1949	Inside the U.S.A. with Chevrolet	Herself	Episode: Ethel Merman
1950	This is Show Business	Herself	Episode: #2.27
1953	The Ford 50th Anniversary Show	Herself	Television Special
1954	The Colgate Comedy Hour	Reno Sweeney	Episode: Anything Goes
1954	The Best of Broadway'	Hattie Maloney	Episode: Panama Hattie
1954	Panama Hattie	Hattie Maloney	Television movie
1955	The Ed Sullivan Show	Herself/Guest Host	9 episodes
1956	General Electric Theatre	Muriel Flood	Episode: Reflected Glory
1956	The United States Steel Hour	Libby Marks	Episode: Honest in the Rain
1958	The Frank Sinatra Show	Self	Episode: Ethel Merman
1961	Merman On Broadway	Herself	Television special
1962	The Bob Hope Show	Self	2 episodes
1963	The Lucy Show	Herself	2 episodes
1963	The Judy Garland Show	Herself	2 episodes
1963	The Jerry Lewis Show	Herself	Episode: #1.7
1963	Maggie Brown	Maggie Brown	Television movie
1963	Vacation Playhouse	Maggie Brown	Episode: Maggie Brown
1963	The Red Skelton Hour	Mother Hughes	Episode: Get Thee to the Canery
1963-65	What's My Line	Mystery Guest	2 episodes
1965	Kraft Suspense Theatre	Clara Lovelace	Episode: Twist the Cup and the Lip
1965	An Evening with Ethel Merman	Herself	Television special
1965-79	The Tonight Show with Johnny Carson	Herself/Musical Guest	26 episodes
1967	Annie Get Your Gun	Annie Oakley	Television movie
1967	Tarzan and the Mountains of the Moon	Rosanna McCloud	2 episodes
1967	Batman	Lola Lasagne	3 episodes
1967-68	That Girl	Herself	2 episodes
1969	The Carol Burnett Show	Herself	Episode: #2.20
1969	The Jonathan Winters Show	Herself	Episode: Ethel Merman, Steve Allen, & the Third Wave
1972	'S Wonderful, 'S Marvelous, 'S Gershwin	Herself	Television special
1973	The Dick Cavett Show	Herself	Episode: Ethel Merman, The Harlem Globetrotters
1976	The Muppet Show	Special Guest Star	Episode: Ethel Merman
1977	You're Gonna Love It Here	Lolly Rogers	Television Movie; unsold pilot
1978	A Salute to American Imagination	Herself	Television documentary
1978	A Special Sesame Street Christmas	Herself	Television movie
1979	Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July	Lilly Loraine	Voice; Television movie
1979-82	The Love Boat	Roz Smith	6 episodes
1981	Great Performances	Herself	2 episodes
1982	Broadway! A Special Salute	Herself	Television special
1982	Night of 100 Stars	Herself	Television special

Discography

Hit records

• "How Deep Is the Ocean?" (1932)#14 US Billboard Best Sellers
• "Eadie Was a Lady" (1933) US #8
• "An Earful of Music" (1934) US #11
• "You're the Top" (1934) US #4
• "I Get a Kick Out of You" (1935) US #12
• "Move It Over" (1943) US #14
• "They Say It's Wonderful" (1946) US #20 (with Ray Middleton)
• "Dearie" (1950) US #12 (with Ray Bolger)
• "I Said My Pajamas (And Put On My Prayers)" (1950) US #20 (with Ray Bolger)
• "If I Knew You Were Comin' I'd've Baked a Cake" (1950) US #15
• "You're Just in Love" (1951) US #30 (with Dick Haymes)
• "Once Upon a Nickel" (1951) US #29 (with Ray Bolger)

Audio samples of Ethel Merman

• • Courtesy of NPR, Windows Media Player Required
• Ethel Merman with Jimmy Durante "You Say the Nicest Things"
• Ethel Merman Sings: "The World Is Your Balloon"
• Ethel Merman Sings: "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend"

Awards and nominations

Year	Award	Category	Nominated work	Result
1951	Tony Award	Best Actress in a Musical	Call Me Madam	Won
1957			Happy Hunting	Nominated
1960			Gypsy	Nominated
1972		Special Tony Award	Ethel Merman	Won
1953	Golden Globe Award	Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy	Call Me Madam	Won
1960	Grammy Award	Best Musical Theater Album	Gypsy	Won
1970	Drama Desk Award	Outstanding Actress in a Musical	Hello, Dolly!	Won

References

1. Obituary Variety, February 22, 1984.
2. "Merman 101: Ethel Merman Biography - Part I".
3. Kellow, Brian, Ethel Merman: A Life. New York: Viking Press 2007. ISBN 0-670-01829-5, p. 2.
4. Kellow, pp. 2–4.
5. Schumach, Murray (February 16, 1984). "Ethel Merman, Queen of Musicals, Dies at 76". The New York Times. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
6. Kellow, pp. 4–7.
7. Kellow, p. 7.
8. Kellow, p. 6.
9. Kellow, Brian (2008). Ethel Merman : a life. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 9780143114208.
10. Kellow, pp. 8–13.
11. Kellow, pp. 13–19.
12. Kellow, pp. 21–26.
13. League, The Broadway. "Girl Crazy – Broadway Musical – Original - IBDB".
14. Kellow, p. 30.
15. Kellow, pp. 32–37.
16. Kellow, pp. 37–40.
17. League, The Broadway. "Take a Chance – Broadway Musical – Original - IBDB".
18. Kellow, pp. 42–67.
19. League, The Broadway. "Anything Goes – Broadway Musical – Original - IBDB".
20. Kellow, pp. 55–57.
21. Kellow, pp. 57–59.
22. Red, Hot and Blue at the Internet Broadway Database
23. Kellow, pp. 69–71.
24. Kellow, p. 75.
25. League, The Broadway. "Du Barry Was a Lady – Broadway Musical – Original - IBDB".
26. "Panama Hattie – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDb.com.
27. Kellow, pp. 87–89.
28. Kellow, pp. 136–137, 142–143.
29. Kellow, pp. 104–105.
30. Kellow, pp. 107.
31. "Annie Get Your Gun – Broadway Musical – Original". IBDb.com.
32. Kellow, p. 116.
33. Kellow, pp. 160–169.
34. Kellow, pp. 174–188
35. Flinn, Caryl (2009). Brass Diva: The Life and Legends of Ethel Merman. Berkeley: University of Carlifornia Press. p. 311. ISBN 9780520260221. OCLC 264039481.
36. Kellow, Brian, pp. 173–195
37. Kellow, pp. 191–192
38. "Broadway pay rises -- Hollywood style". Upi.com. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
39. Kerr, Walter."Merman: A Kid Who Wins All the Marbles; Merman Wins" The New York Times (abstract), April 12, 1970, p.D1
40. Michael Darvell. "Ethel Merman: A 100th-Anniversary Tribute". classicalsource.com. Retrieved April 23, 2009.
41. Flinn, Caryl. Brass Diva: The Life and Legends of Ethel Merman (2007), p. 33, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-26022-8
42. Flinn 2007 p. 120
43. Sonneborn, Liz (2002). A to Z of American Women in the Performing Arts. Infobase Publishing. p. 141. ISBN 1-438-10790-0.
44. "Coroner Says Drugs Killed Ethel Geary". The Greenville News at Newspapers.com. August 25, 1967. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
45. "Ethel Merman Seeks Divorce". The Spokesman-Review. November 15, 1960. p. 15. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
46. "Ethel Merman, Hubby Parted; Blame Careers". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. December 18, 1959. p. 17. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
47. "Ethel Merman Wed to Ernest Borgnine". The New York Times. June 28, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
48. "Ethel Merman, Ernest Borgnine Wed". St. Petersburg Times. June 28, 1964. pp. 6–A. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
49. "Borgnine Sues Merman For Divorce". The Morning Record. October 22, 1964. p. 20. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
50. Interview with Ray Wickens, April 1979, on CHRE-FM, St. Catharines, Ontario.
51. Flinn, Caryl (2007). Brass Diva: The Life and Legends of Ethel Merman. University of California Pres. p. 352. ISBN 0-520-22942-8.
52. "Ethel Merman's Daughter Dead; Autopsy Slated". The Prescott Courier. August 24, 1967. p. 3. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
53. "Drugs Kill Daughter Of Singer". Herald-Journal. August 26, 1967. p. 24. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
54. "Ethel Merman Kin Slain Leaving Dramatic School". Schenectady Gazette. July 25, 1975. p. 10. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
55. "I GOT RHYTHM! The Ethel Merman Story". kirkusreviews.com. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
56. Mark, Geoffrey (2006). Ethel Merman: The Biggest Star on Broadway. Barricade Legend. p. 66. ISBN 9781569802939.
57. Flinn 2007 p. 177
58. "Ethel Merman Quotes". BrainyQuote.com. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
59. Rosenfeld, Megan; McLellan, Joseph (January 20, 1981). "Inaugural Gala". Retrieved December 10, 2017 – via www.WashingtonPost.com.
60. "With Ethel - Anything Goes!". St. Petersburg Times. July 17, 1955. p. 12. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
61. Apone, Carl (July 2, 1978). "Fans Find 'Merman' For Them". The Pittsburgh Press. pp. H–6. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
62. Flinn 2007 p. 410
63. Kellow 2007 p. 262
64. Flinn 2007 p. 411
65. Mark, Geoffrey (2006). Ethel Merman: The Biggest Star on Broadway. Barricade Legend. p. 204. ISBN 1-569-80293-9.
66. "Fans Mourn death of Ethel Merman". Reading Eagle. February 16, 1984. p. 53. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
67. "Broadway Lights Dimmed To Honor Ethel Merman". Ludington Daily News. February 16, 1984. p. 3. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
68. Parish, James Robert; Pitts, Michael R. (2003). Hollywood Songsters: Garland to O'Connor. Taylor & Francis. p. 572. ISBN 0-415-94333-7.
69. "Private religious service held for Ethel Merman in New York". Lakeland Ledger. February 27, 1984. p. 2A. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
70. "Broadway Musical Star Ethel Merman Dies". The Lewiston Daily Sun. February 16, 1984. p. 10. Retrieved September 20, 2014.
71. Silverman, Stephen M. (February 25, 1991). "Where there's a will-- : who inherited what and why". New York, N.Y. : HarperCollins – via Internet Archive.
72. Kellow, pp. 261–266
73. Rosen, Jody (June 25, 2019). "Here Are Hundreds More Artists Whose Tapes Were Destroyed in the UMG Fire". The New York Times. Retrieved June 28, 2019.

Further reading

• Thomas, Bob (November 1985). I Got Rhythm! The Ethel Merman Story (Hardcover). New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. pp. 239 pages. ISBN 0-399-13041-1.

External links

• Ethel Merman at the Internet Broadway Database
• Ethel Merman at PlaybillVault.com
• Ethel Merman on IMDb
• Ethel Merman at Find a Grave
• Ethel Merman at AllMusic
• "They Say She Was Wonderful: Ethel Merman at 100, The House Next Door" by N. P. Thompson, Slant Magazine
• Obituary, "Ethel Merman, Queen of Musicals, Dies at 76", The New York Times, February 16, 1984
• NPR's Susan Stamberg's "Report on the Memory of Ethel Merman"