Jalairid Sultanate

The Jalairids were a Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol khanate of Persia in the 1330s.[3] The Jalairid sultanate lasted about fifty years, until disrupted by Timur's conquests and the revolts of the Kara Koyunlu ("Black Sheep") Turkmen.[4] After Timur's death in 1405, there was a brief attempt to re-establish the sultanate in southern Iraq and Khuzistan. The Jalairids were finally eliminated by the Kara Koyunlu in 1432.

Jalayirid Sultanate

1335–1432
Division of Ilkhanate territory
Capital
Common languages
  • Persian (official)[1]
  • Arabic (diplomatic)[2]
  • Mongolian (government)[2]
GovernmentMonarchy
History 
• Established
1335
• Disestablished
1432
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Ilkhanate
Kara Koyunlu
Today part of
Faravahar background
History of Greater Iran
Jalairid coinage, Baghdad, 1382-1387.

Government

The Jalairid administration and chancellery was modeled after Ilkhanate protocols, with documents in Persian and Mongolian.[2] Their diplomatic correspondence also copied the Ilkhanate's, using a red ink square seal with Islamic phrases in Arabic.[2]

Rulers
Title/Name[5] Personal name Reign
Taj-ud-Din
تاج الدین 		Hasan Buzurg 1336–1356
Mu'izz-ud-duniya wa al-Din
معزالدنیا والدین
Bahadur Khan
بهادرخان 		Shaikh Awais Jalayir 1356–1374
Jalal-ud-Din
جلال الدین 		Shaikh Hasan Jalayir 1374
Ghiyas-ud-Din
غیاث الدین 		Shaikh Hussain Jalayir 1374–1382
Shaikh Bayazid Jalayir
Ruler of Iraq-i 'Ajam at Soltaniyeh and contender for the throne		 1382–1384
Sultan
سلطان 		Sultan Ahmed Jalayir
Ruler of Iraq-i 'Arab at Baghdad and contender for the throne		 1382–1410
Shah Walad Jalayir
son of Shaikh Ali Jalayir		 1410–1411
Sultan
سلطان 		Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir
under tutelage of Tandu Khatun		 1411 (1st reign)
Sultan
سلطان 		Awais bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1411–1421
Sultan
سلطان 		Muhammad bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1421
Sultan
سلطان 		Mahmud bin Shah Walad Jalayir 1421–1425 (2nd reign)
Hussain bin Ala-ud-Daulah bin Sultan Ahmed Jalayir 1425–1432

Family tree
Husein Gurkandaughter of Arghun
Hasan Buzurg
1336–1356		Dilshad Khatun
Uvais I
1356–1374
AlishahHusain I
1374–1382		Ahmad
1383–1410		Hasan
1374
Shah Valad
1410–1411		Tandura KhatunAl'a od-Dowleh
Mahmud
1411–1415		Uvais II
1415–1421		Mohammed
1421–1422		Husain II
1424–1432
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See also

References
  1. Jackson, edited by Peter; Lockhart, the late Laurence (1986). The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 6: The Timurid and Safavid periods (Repr ed.). Cambridge: New York. p. 978. ISBN 0521200946.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  2. Broadbridge, Anne F. Kingship and Ideology in the Islamic and Mongol Worlds, (Cambridge University Press, 2008), 157.
  3. Bayne Fisher, William. The Cambridge History of Iran, p.3: "From then until Timur's invasion of the country, Iran was under the rule of various rival petty princes of whom henceforth only the Jalairids could claim Mongol lineage"
  4. The History Files Rulers of Persia
  5. Bosworth, Clifford Edmund. The new Islamic dynasties: a chronological and genealogical manual. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys Series; ISBN 0-7486-2137-7, 978-0-7486-2137-8

Further reading
  • Wing, Patrick. (2016). The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-1-4744-2637-4


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