Salghurids

The Salghurids of Fars (Persian: اتابکان فارس 'Atābakān-e Fārs' or سلغُریان 'Salghoriān'), were a dynasty of Turkmen origin[1] that ruled Fars, first as vassals of the Seljuqs then for the Khwarazm Shahs in the 13th century. The Salghurids were established by Sunqur in 1148, who had profited from the rebellions during the reign of Seljuq sultan Mas'ud b. Muhammad. Later the Salghurids were able to solidify their position in southern Persia to the point of campaigning against Kurds and involving themselves in the succession of the Kirman Seljuqs,[2] holding Seljuq sultan Malik-Shah III's son Mahmud as a possible claimant to the Seljuq throne.[3] They captured Isfahan in 1203-4,[4] and later occupied Bahrain taken from the Uyunid dynasty in 1235.[5]

Salghurids سلغُریان
1148–1282
Capital	Shiraz
Common languages	Persian Turkic
Religion	Sunni Islam
Government	Monarchy
Atabeg
• 1148–1161	Sunqur ibn Mawdud
• 1264–1282	Abish Khatun
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	1148
• Disestablished	1282
Preceded by Succeeded by Great Seljuq Empire Ilkhanate

Under Sa'd I b. Zangi, the Salghurids experienced a significant prosperity, which was marred by his acknowledging the Khwarazm Shahs as his overlord. Saadi Shirazi, the Persian poet, dedicated his Bostan and Gulistan to Sa'd I and Sa'd II.[6] Following Sa'd I's death, his brother Zangi b. Mawdud took power in 1161. Dekele/Tekele followed his father, Zangi, only after eliminating Sonqur's son Toghril.[7]

During the 13th century, the Salghurids patronized a cultural and intellectual atmosphere which included, Kadi al-Baydawi, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, Saadi Shirazi and the historian Wassaf.[8]

During the closing years of Aku Bakr and Sa'd II, Fars fell under the dominion of Mongol empire and later the Ilkhanate of Hulegu. Under the Mongols, Abu Bakr was given the title of Qutlugh Khan. Later Salghurids were powerless figureheads, until the daughter of Sa'd II, Abish Khatun was given the title of Atabegate of Fars. She was the sole ruler of Fars for one year whereupon she married, Mengu Temur, eleventh son of Hulegu.[9] Following their deaths, Fars was ruled directly by the Ilkhanate.[10]

List of Atabegs

• Sunqur b. Mawdud (1148–1161)
• Zangi b. Mawdud (1161–1178)
• Degele/Tekele b. Zangi (1178–1198)
• Sa'd I b. Zangi (1198–1226)
• Qutlugh Khan Abu Bakr b. Sa'd I (1226–1260)
• Sa'd II b. Qutlugh Khan (1260–1262)
• Muhammad Shah b. Salghur Shah b. Sa'd I (1262–1263)
• Seljuq Shah b. Salghur Shah (1263)
• Abish Khatun b. Sa'd II (1263)
• Abish Khatun w/ Mengu Temur b. Hulegu (1264–1282)

See also

• Ai-Toghdï
• Turkic peoples
• Timeline of Turks (500-1300)
• List of Turkic dynasties and countries

References

1. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, ed. C.E.Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs and G. Lecomte, (E.J.Brill, 1995), 978;"SALGHURIDS, a line of Atabegs which ruled in Pars during the second half of the 12th century and for much of the 13th one (1148-1282). They were of Turkmen origin.."
2. C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 207.
3. The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World, C.E. Bosworth, The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 5, ed. John Andrew Boyle, (Cambridge University Press, 1968), 169.
4. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, 978.
5. Curtis E. Larsen, Life and Land Use on the Bahrain Islands: The Geoarchaeology of an Ancient Society, (University of Chicago Press, 1984), 66.
6. C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, 207.
7. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, 978.
8. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, 979.
9. Salghurids, C.E. Bosworth, The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VIII, 979.
10. C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, 207.