Group of 77

Group of 77
Abbreviation	G77
Named after	Number of founding Member States
Formation	15 June 1964
Founded at	Geneva, Switzerland
Type	Intergovernmental voting bloc
Purpose	To provide a forum for developing nations to promote their economic interests
Headquarters	United Nations Headquarters
Methods	Collective bargaining, lobbying, reports and studies
Fields	International politics
Membership (2019)	134 Member States
Chair of the Group of 77	The Co-operative Republic of Guyana
Affiliations	United Nations
Website	G77.org

The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations is a coalition of 134 developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.[1] There were 77 founding members of the organization headquartered in Geneva, but it has since expanded to 134 member countries according to the organization, one of which is China.[2] China does not consider itself to be a member, nor did it when it was generally regarded as a developing country. However, the country supports and financially contributes to G77. Guyana holds the chairmanship as of 2020.

The group was founded on 15 June 1964, by 77 non-aligned nations in the "Joint Declaration of the Seventy-Seven Countries" issued at the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD).[3] The first major meeting was in Algiers in 1967, where the Charter of Algiers was adopted and the basis for permanent institutional structures was begun under the leadership of Raul Prebisch who had previously worked at ECLA.[4] There are Chapters of the Group of 77 in Geneva (UN), Rome (FAO), Vienna (UNIDO), Paris (UNESCO), Nairobi (UNEP) and the Group of 24 in Washington, D.C. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank).

Policies

The group was credited with a common stance against apartheid and for supporting global disarmament.[5] It has been supportive of the New International Economic Order.[5][6] It has been subject to criticism for its lacklustre support, or outright opposition, to pro-environmental initiatives, which the group considers secondary to economic development and poverty-eradication initiatives.[5][7][8]

Members

Group of 77 countries as of 2013

As of 2020, the group comprises all of the UN member states (along with the U.N. observer State of Palestine), excluding the following countries:

Members of the Council of Europe, except for Azerbaijan.
Members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, except for Chile and Colombia.
Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area, except for Tajikistan.
Two Pacific microstates: Palau and Tuvalu.

Current founding members

[9]

Joined as Dahomey.
Joined as Upper Volta.
Joined as the United Arab Republic.
Joined as Burma.
Joined as Ceylon.
Joined as the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

Other current members

Officially considered as a member by the organization, yet not by China itself
Joined as Swaziland.

China

The Group of 77 lists China as one of its members.[2] The Chinese government provides consistent political support to the G77 and has made financial contributions to the Group since 1994, but it does not consider itself to be a member.[10] As a result, official statements of the G77 are delivered in the name of The Group of 77 and China.[11]

Former members

New Zealand signed the original "Joint Declaration of the Developing Countries" in October 1963, but pulled out of the group before the formation of the G77 in 1964 (it joined the OECD in 1973).
Mexico was a founding member, but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1994. It had presided over the group in 1973–1974, 1983–1984; however, it is still a member of G-24.
South Korea was a founding member, but left the Group after joining the OECD in 1996.
Yugoslavia was a founding member; by the late 1990s it was still listed on the membership list, but it was noted that it "cannot participate in the activities of G77." It was removed from the list in late 2003. It had presided over the group from 1985 to 1986.
Cyprus was a founding member, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2004.
Malta was admitted to the Group in 1976, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2004.
Palau joined the Group in 2002, but withdrew in 2004, having decided that it could best pursue its environmental interests through the Alliance of Small Island States.
Romania was admitted to the Group in 1976, but was no longer listed on the official membership list after its accession to the EU in 2007.
Bosnia and Herzegovina became a member after it had departed from Yugoslavia as an independent state. However, since 2020, it's no longer listed as a member.

Presiding countries

The following is the chain of succession of the chairmanship of the G77:[12]

Presiding countries of the G77 since 1970. Colors show the number of times a country has held the position. Gray = never, Yellow = once, Orange = twice, Red = three times

Presiding country	Year
India	1970–1971
Peru	1971–1972
Egypt	1972–1973
Iran	1973–1974
Mexico	1974–1975
Madagascar	1975–1976
Pakistan	1976–1977
Jamaica	1977–1978
Tunisia	1978–1979
India	1979–1980
Venezuela	1980–1981
Algeria	1981–1982
Bangladesh	1982–1983
Mexico	1983–1984
Egypt	1984–1985
Yugoslavia	1985–1986
Guatemala	1987
Tunisia	1988
Malaysia	1989
Bolivia	1990
Ghana	1991
Pakistan	1992
Colombia	1993
Algeria	1994
Philippines	1995
Costa Rica	1996
Tanzania	1997
Indonesia	1998
Guyana	1999
Nigeria	2000
Iran	2001
Venezuela	2002
Morocco	2003
Qatar	2004
Jamaica	2005
South Africa	2006
Pakistan	2007
Antigua and Barbuda	2008
Sudan	2009
Yemen	2010
Argentina	2011
Algeria	2012
Fiji	2013
Bolivia	2014
South Africa	2015
Thailand	2016
Ecuador	2017
Egypt	2018
Palestine	2019
Guyana	2020

Group of 24

G-24 countries.

Member nations

Observer nations

The Group of 24 (G-24) is a chapter of the G-77 that was established in 1971 to coordinate the positions of developing countries on international monetary and development finance issues and to ensure that their interests were adequately represented in negotiations on international monetary matters. Every member of the G-24, except for Mexico, is also a member of the G77. Although membership in the G-24 is strictly limited to 24 countries, any other member of the G-77 can join discussions.

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References

About the Group of 77:Aims
"The Member States of the Group of 77". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.
About the Group of 77:Establishment
Prebisch, Raúl; Prebisch, Raul (October 1986). "El desarrollo económico de la América Latina y algunos de sus principales problemas". Desarrollo Económico. 26 (103): 479. doi:10.2307/3466824. hdl:11362/10183. ISSN 0046-001X. JSTOR 3466824.
Satpathy (2005). Environment Management. Excel Books India. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7446-458-3.
Malgosia Fitzmaurice; David M. Ong; Panos Merkouris (2010). Research Handbook on International Environmental Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-84980-726-5.
Jan Oosthoek; Barry K. Gills (31 October 2013). The Globalization of Environmental Crisis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-317-96895-5.
Howard S. Schiffman (3 May 2011). Green Issues and Debates: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6626-8.
Signed the "JOINT DECLARATION OF THE SEVENTY-SEVEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES".
"七十七国集团（Group of 77, G77）". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. July 2016. 中国不是77国集团成员，但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求，与其保持良好合作关系，在经社领域一般以“77国集团加中国”的模式表达共同立场。中国自1994年开始每年向其捐款，2014年起捐款每年5万美元。
"Statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China by H.E. Mr. Horacio Sevilla Borja, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations, at the opening session of the 4th Prepcom established by General Assembly resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (New York, 10 July 2017)". www.g77.org. Mr. Chair, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.
"Presiding Countries of the Group of 77 in New York". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[10] Joined as Dahomey.

[11] Joined as Upper Volta.

[12] Joined as the United Arab Republic.

[13] Joined as Burma.

[14] Joined as Ceylon.

[15] Joined as the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar.

[16] Officially considered as a member by the organization, yet not by China itself

[17] Joined as Swaziland.

[1] About the Group of 77:Aims

[membership-2] "The Member States of the Group of 77". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.

[3] About the Group of 77:Establishment

[4] Prebisch, Raúl; Prebisch, Raul (October 1986). "El desarrollo económico de la América Latina y algunos de sus principales problemas". Desarrollo Económico. 26 (103): 479. doi:10.2307/3466824. hdl:11362/10183. ISSN 0046-001X. JSTOR 3466824.

[Satpathy2005-5] Satpathy (2005). Environment Management. Excel Books India. p. 30. ISBN 978-81-7446-458-3.

[FitzmauriceOng2010-6] Malgosia Fitzmaurice; David M. Ong; Panos Merkouris (2010). Research Handbook on International Environmental Law. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 567–. ISBN 978-1-84980-726-5.

[OosthoekGills2013-7] Jan Oosthoek; Barry K. Gills (31 October 2013). The Globalization of Environmental Crisis. Taylor & Francis. pp. 93–. ISBN 978-1-317-96895-5.

[Schiffman2011-8] Howard S. Schiffman (3 May 2011). Green Issues and Debates: An A-to-Z Guide. SAGE Publications. pp. 9–. ISBN 978-1-4522-6626-8.

[9] Signed the "JOINT DECLARATION OF THE SEVENTY-SEVEN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES".

[18] "七十七国集团（Group of 77, G77）". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. July 2016. 中国不是77国集团成员，但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求，与其保持良好合作关系，在经社领域一般以“77国集团加中国”的模式表达共同立场。中国自1994年开始每年向其捐款，2014年起捐款每年5万美元。

[statement66_292-19] "Statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China by H.E. Mr. Horacio Sevilla Borja, Permanent Representative of the Republic of Ecuador to the United Nations, at the opening session of the 4th Prepcom established by General Assembly resolution 69/292: Development of an international legally binding instrument under UNCLOS on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (New York, 10 July 2017)". www.g77.org. Mr. Chair, I have the honour to deliver this statement on behalf of the Group of 77 and China.

[20] "Presiding Countries of the Group of 77 in New York". The Group of 77 at the United Nations.