Fasti Triumphales

The Acta Triumphorum or Triumphalia, better known as the Fasti Triumphales, or Triumphal Fasti,[lower-roman 1] is a calendar of Roman magistrates honoured with a celebratory procession known as a triumphus, or triumph, in recognition of an important military victory, from the earliest period down to 19 BC. Together with the related Fasti Capitolini and other, similar inscriptions found at Rome and elsewhere, they form part of a chronology referred to by various names, including the Fasti Annales or Historici, Fasti Consulares, or Consular Fasti, and frequently just the fasti.[1]

A portion of the Fasti Triumphales.

The Triumphales were originally engraved on marble tablets, which decorated one of the structures in the Roman forum. They were discovered in a fragmentary state as the portion of the forum where they were located was being cleared to provide building material for St. Peter's Basilica in 1546. Recognized by scholars as an important source of information on Roman history, they were taken to the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the nearby Capitoline Hill, and reconstructed. As part of the collection of the Capitoline Museums, the Fasti Triumphales are one of the most important sources for Roman chronology.[2][3]

History
Main article: Fasti Capitolini

The Fasti Triumphales were probably engraved in 18 BC, in order to adorn the Arch of Augustus, which had recently been constructed in the forum. They were contemporary with the Fasti Capitolini, or Capitoline Fasti, a list of the chief magistrates at Rome from at least the beginning of the Republic down to the same period as the Triumphales. Alternately, they may have been built into the wall of the Regia, an ancient building that was reconstructed in 36 BC, which was the official residence of the Pontifex Maximus, and the site where the Annales Maximi, official records of Roman history from at least the fifth century BC down to the second, were stored. The Fasti Capitolini were most likely on the west and south sides of the Regia, and the Triumphales may have occupied part of the south wall.[1][4]

Both lists were discovered by the scholars Onofrio Panvinio and Pirro Ligorio, as they observed the demolition of ancient structures in the forum by a local company of quarrymen working to obtain building material for St. Peter's Basilica. Some of the stone would be reused in the structure, while other portions would be used to make cement. Recognizing the value of the inscriptions, the two ordered the sinking of new trenches, in hopes of recovering additional fragments. In all, they rescued thirty pieces of the Fasti Capitolini, and twenty-six of the Triumphales, which they brought to the Palazzo dei Conservatori on the instructions of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. The lists were then reconstructed by Ligorio and Michelangelo.[2][3]

With additional excavations, the number of fragments of the Triumphales has grown to thirty-eight. The known portions of the fasti were published in the first volume of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum in 1863, and together with the Capitolini, they form part of the collection of the Capitoline Museums, where they are displayed in the Sala dei Fasti, the Salon of the Fasti.[5][6][3]

Contents

The Triumphal Fasti list all of the magistrates who celebrated a triumph from the legendary founding of the city by Romulus down to 19 BC. The earliest entries record triumphs by the Roman kings. The Fasti also include entries for magistrates who received an ovation, or "lesser triumph". They were evidently carved on four pilasters, each eleven feet tall. The first covered the years down to 302 BC, the second to 222, the third to 129, and the last to the end.[7]

Each entry gives the full name of the magistrate who triumphed, beginning with his praenomen (normally abbreviated), nomen gentilicium, filiation, and cognomina (if any). Following these names are the magistracy or promagistracy held, the names of the defeated enemies or conquered territories, and the date that the triumph was celebrated. Roman numerals indicate those individuals who held the magistracy in question multiple times, or who received multiple triumphs.[lower-roman 2] Each entry also has the year of the triumph indicated in the right margin.[lower-roman 3] The years given in the Triumphales are one year earlier than those of the Varronian chronology.

There are several gaps in the Fasti Triumphales. The first occurs following the second triumph attributed to Romulus, and presumably would have included further triumphs attributed to Romulus, or to Tullus Hostilius, the third King of Rome. Major gaps occur from 437 to 369 BC, from 291 to 282, 222 to 197, 187 to 178, 81 to 62, and 54 to 45. The missing sections include three of the triumphs of Camillus, the entire period of the Second Punic War, and all but the last triumph celebrated by Caesar. Shorter gaps occur from 502 to 496, 494 to 486, 329 to 326, 263 to 260, 191 to 189, 104 to 98, and 34 to 29 BC.[6]

Transcription
Andrea Andreani, Triumphus Caesaris (The Triumph of Caesar), plate 9 (1598/99).

The following table lists the entries from the surviving portions of the Fasti Triumphales. The columns on the left give the years according to the Varronian chronology, which begins one year earlier than the years given in the Triumphales.[lower-roman 4] The years AUC from the original inscription are given in the column on the right.[lower-roman 5][7]

Reading the fasti

Portions of names and text in square brackets have been interpolated. Periods (full stops) have been supplied for abbreviations. An m-dash is used for missing or unknown filiations or other abbreviated praenomina. Other missing text is indicated with an ellipsis in brackets, [...]. This table uses modern conventions for distinguishing between I and J, and between U and V. Otherwise, the names and notes are given as spelled in the fasti. Archaic Roman spellings, such as Aimilius for Aemilius, have been preserved. A guide to reading Roman dates and a list of the peoples and places referred to in the Fasti follow the table.

Magistracies

Praenomina

The following praenomina appear in the Fasti Triumphales. All but a few were regularly abbreviated. A few uncommon praenomina found in the Fasti Capitolini do not appear in the Fasti Triumphales.

  • A. = Aulus
  • Agrippa (not abbreviated)
  • Ancus (not abbreviated)
  • Ap. = Appius
  • C. = Gaius
  • Cn. = Gnaeus
  • K. = Kaeso or Caeso
  • L. = Lucius
  • M. = Marcus
  • M'. = Manius
  • N. = Numerius
  • P. = Publius
  • Q. = Quintus
  • Ser. = Servius
  • Sex. = Sextus
  • Sp. = Spurius
  • T. = Titus
  • Ti. = Tiberius
  • Volusus (not abbreviated)

First tablet
Year
BC		 Year
AUC		 Entry Annum
7531Romulus Martis f. rex de Caenensibus K. Mar[t.]ann. [I]
7531[Ro]m[ulus] Marti[s f.] rex II [de Antemnatibus ...]a[nn. I]
——[Ancus Marcius — f. — n. rex de Sabi]neis et [Veientibus ...]
59–15–L. [T]arquinius Damarati f. Priscus rex de Latineis K. Quinct.an. CLV[...]
588166L. Tarquinius Damarati f. Priscus rex de Etrusceis [K. A]pr.an. CLXV
585169L. Tarquinius Damarati f. Priscus rex III de Sabineis Idib. Sext.ann. CLXVIII
571183Ser. Tullius rex de Etruscis vi. K. Dec.anno CXXCII
567187Ser. Tullius rex II de Etrusc. viii. K. Jun.a. CXXCVI
56–18–Ser. Tullius rex III de Etrusceis iiii. Non. [...]ann. CXXC[...]
——L. Tarq[uinius Prisci f.] Dama[rati n. Superbus rex de Volsceis ...][ann. ...]
——L. Tarqui[nius Prisci f. Damarati n.] Super[bus rex II de Sabineis ...][a. ...]
509245P. Valer[ius Volusi f. — n. Poplicola] cos. d[e Veientib. et Tarquiniensib. K. Mart.][a. CCXLIV]
505249M. Valer[ius Volusi f. — n. Volusus] cos. [de Sabineis ...][a. CCXLVIII]
505249P. Postu[mius Q. f. — n. Tubertus] cos. [de Sabineis ...][ann. CCXLVIII]
504250P. Valeriu[s Volusi f. — n.] Poblicol[a II cos. IIII de Sa]bine[is] et Veient[ibus ... Non]as Mai.[ann. CCXLIX]
503251P. Postumiu[s Q. f. — n. Tubert]us cos. II o[vans de Sabinei]s iii. Non. Apr.ann. CCL
503251Agrippa M[enenius C. f. — n. Lan]atus cos. de [Sabineis prid]ie Non. Apr.ann. CCL
502252Sp. Cassiu[s — f. — n. Vicellinu]s cos. d[e Sabineis]ann. CCLI
496258A. Postu[mius P. f. — n. Albus] Regil[lensis dict. de Latineis ...][ann. CCLVII]
494260M'. Vale[rius Volusi f. — n. Maxim.] dic[t. de Sabineis et Medullineis][ann. CCLIX]
486268[Sp. Cassius — f. — n. Vicellinus II cos. III de Volsceis Herniceis ...] K. Jun.[ann CCLXVII]
475279[P. Valerius P. f. Volusi n. Poplic]ola [cos. de Veientibus Sabi]neisque K. Mai.an. CCLXXIIX
474280[A. Manlius Cn. f. P. n. Vulso co]s. [ovans de Veientibus I]dibus Mart.ann. CCLXXIX
468286[T. Quinctius L. f. L. n. Capitolin. Barba]tus [cos. II de Volsceis Antiatibus ...]a. CCXX[CV]
462292[L. Lucretius T. f. T. n. Tricipitinus cos. de Aequeis et Vo]ls[ceis ...][ann. CCXCI]
462292[T. Veturius T. f. — n.] Gemin[us Cicurin. cos. ovans de Aequ]eis et [Volsceis ...][an. CCXCI]
459295[Q. Fabius M. f. K. n. Vibulanus cos. III de Ae]queis e[t Volsceis ... No]n. Mai.[an. CCXCIV]
459295[L. Cornelius Ser. f. P. n.] M[alugines. Uriti]nus cos. de Volsceis [A]ntiatib. iv. Id. Mai.an. CCXCIV
458296[L. Quin]ctius L. f. L. n. Cincin[n]atus [dict.] de Aequeis Idibus Septembr.an. CCXCV
449305[L. Valer]ius P. f. P. n. Poplicola Potit. [cos.] de Aequeis Idibus Sextil.an. CCCIV
449305[M. Hora]tius M. f. L. n. Barbatus [cos. de] Sabin[eis] VII K. Septembr.ann. CCCIV
443311[M. Gega]nius M. [f. — n. Mace]rinus [cos. II] de V[olsceis N]onis Sep.ann. CCCX
437317[M. Valerius M. f. M. n. Lactuca Maxi]mus [cos. de ...]us Idib. Sex[t.]an. CCCXVI
369385[M. Furius L. f. Sp. n. Camillus IV dict. V de Galleis ...] Nov.[ann. CCCXXCVI]
361393[T. Quinctius — f. — n. Pennus Capitol. Crispinus dict de Galleis ...]nalibusa. CCCXCII
361393[C. Sulpicius M. f. Q. n. Peticus cos. II de Herniceis ... Ma]rt.an. CCCXCII
360394[C. Poetelius C. f. Q. n. Libo Visolus] cos. de Galleis et Tiburtibus iv. K. [S]ext.an. CCCXCIII
360394M. Fabius N. f. M. n. Ambustus cos. ovans de Herniceis Nonis Sept.an. CCCXCIII
358396C. Sulpicius M. f. Q. n. Peticus II dict. de Galleis Nonis Mai.ann. CCCXCV
358396C. Plautius P. f. P. n. Proculus cos. de Herniceis Idibus Mai.ann. CCCXCV
357397C. Marcius L. f. C. n. Rutilus cos. de Privernatibus K. Jun.ann. CCCXCVI
356398C. Marcius L. f. C. n. Rutilus dict. de Tusceis pridie Non. Mai.an. CCCXCVII
354400M. Fabius N. f. M. n. Ambustus II [cos. I]II de Tiburtibus III Non. Jun.ann. CCCXCIX
350404[M. Popi]llius M. f. C. n. Laenas cos. III [de G]alleis Quirinalibusan. CDIII
346408[M. Va]lerius M. f. M. n. Corvus cos. II [de] Antiatibus Volsceis Satricaneisq. K. Febr.ann. CDVII
343411[M. Vale]rius M. f. M. n. Corvus II [cos.] III de Samnitibus x. K. Oct.ann. CDX
340414[T.] Manlius L. f. A. n. Imperiossus Torquat. cos. III de Latineis Campaneis Sidicineis [A]urunceis xv. K. Juniasa. CDXIII
339415[Q. P]ublilius Q. f. Q. n. Philo cos. de Latineis Idibus Januar.anno CDXIV
338416L. Furius Sp. f. M. n. Camillus cos. de Pedaneis et Tiburtibus iiii. K. Oct.ann. CDXV
338416C. Maenius P. f. P. n. cos. de Antiatibus Lavinieis Veliterneis pridie K. Oct.an. CDXV
335419M. Valerius M. f. M. n. Corvus III cos. IV de Caleneis Idibus Mart.an. CDXIIX
329425[L.] Aimilius L. f. L. n. Mamercin. Privernas cos. II de Privernatib. K. Mart.ann. CDXXIV
329425C. Plautius P. f. P. n. Decianus cos. de Privernatibus K. Mart.an. CDXXIV
326428Q. Publilius Q. f. Q. n. Philo II primus pro cos. de Samnitibus Palaeopolitaneis K. Mai.ann. CDXXVII
324430L. Papirius Sp. f. L. n. Cursor dict. de Samnitibus iii. Non. Mart.ann. CDXXIX
322432Q. Fabius M. f. N. n. Maximus Rullian. cos. de Samnitibus et Apuleis xii. K. Mart.an. CDXXXI
319435L. Papirius Sp. f. L. n. Cursor II cos. III de Samnitibus x. K. Septembr.an. CDXXXIV
314440C. Sulpicius Ser. f. Q. n. Longus cos. III de Samnitibus K. Quint.anno CDXXXIX
312442M. Valerius M. f. M. n. Maximus cos. de Samnitibus Soraneisq. Idib. Sext.ann. CDXXXXI
311443C. Junius C. f. C. n. Bubulcus Brutus cos. III de Samnitibus Nonis Sext.an. CDXLII
311443Q. Aemilius Q. f. L. n. Barbula cos. II de Etrusceis Idibus Sext.ann. CDXLII
309445L. Papirius Sp. f. L. n. Cursor III dict. II de Samnitibus Idibus Oct.ann. CDXLIV
309445Q. Fabius M. f. N. n. Maximus Rullianus II pro cos. de Etrusceis Idibus Nov.an. CDXLIV
306448Q. Marcius Q. f. Q. n. Tremulus cos. de Anagneis Herniceisq. pridie K. Quint.an. CDXLVII
305449M. Fulvius L. f. L. n. Curvus Paetinus cos. de Samnitibus iii. Non. Oct.ann. CDXLIIX
304450P. Sempronius P. f. C. n. Sophus cos. de Aequeis vii. K. Oct.ann. CDXLIX
304450P. Sulpicius Ser. f. P. n. Saverrio cos. de Samnitibus iiii. K. Nov.an. CDXLIX
302452C. Junius C. f. C. n. Bubulcus Brutus II dict. de Aequeis iii. K. Sext.an. CDLI

Second tablet
Year
BC		 Year
AUC		 Entry Annum
301453M. Valer[i]us M. f. M. n. Cor[vus] dict. II [de] Etrusceis et [Ma]rseis x. K. De[cem]br.an. CDLII
299455M. Fulvius Cn. f. Cn. n. Paetinus cos. de Samnitibus Nequinatibusque vii. K. Oct.ann. CD[LIV]
298456Cn. Fulvius Cn. f. Cn. n. Maxim. Centumalus cos. de Samnitibus Etrusceisque Idibus Nov.an. CDLV
295459Q. Fabius M. f. N. n. Maximus Rullianus III cos. V de Samnitibus et Etrusceis Galleis prid. Non. Sept.an. CDLIIX
294460L. Postumius L. f. Sp. n. Megell. cos. II de Samnitib. et Etruscis vi. K. Apr.an. CDLIX
294460M. Atilius M. f. M. n. Regulus cos. de Volsonibus et Samnitib. v. K. Apr.a. CDLIX
293461Sp. Carvilius C. f. C. n. Maximus cos. de Samnitibus Idibus Jan.a. CDLX
293461[L. Papiriu]s L. f. Sp. n. Cursor [cos. de Sam]nitibus Idibus Febr.an. CDLX
291463[Q. Fabius Q. f. M. n. M]aximus [Gurges pro cos. de Samnitibus ...] K. Sext.an. CDLXII
282472[C. Fabricius C. f. C. n. Luscinus cos. de Samnitibus Lucaneis Brutti]eisque iii. Non. Mart.an. CDLXXI
281473[Q. Mar]cius Q. f. Q. n. Philippus [cos. d]e Etrusceis K. Apr.an. CDLXXII
280474[Ti. Coru]ncanius Ti. f. Ti. n. cos. [de V]ulsiniensibus et Vulcientib. K. Febr.an. CDLXXIII
280474[L. Ai]milius Q. f. Q. n. Barbula pro cos. de Tarentineis Samnitibus et Sallentineis vi. Idus Quint.an. CDLXXIII
278476C. Fabricius C. f. C. n. Luscinus II cos. II de Lucaneis Bruttieis Tarentin. Samnitibus Idibus Decembr.an. CDLXXV
277477C. Junius C. f. C. n. Brutus Bubulc. cos. II de Lucaneis et Bruttieis Non. Jan.an. CDLXXVI
276478Q. Fabius Q. f. M. n. Maximus Gurges II de Samnitibus Lucaneis Bruttieis Quirinalibusan. CDLXXVII
275479M'. Curius M'. f. M'. n. Dentatus IV [cos. II de Sa]mnitib. et rege Pyrrho [... F]ebr.a. CDLXXIIX
275479[L. Cornelius] Ti. f. Ser. n. Lentulus [Caudin. c]os. de Samnitibus et [Lucaneis] K. Mart.a. CDLXXXIX
273481[C. Claudius M.] f. C. n. Canina [cos. II de Luca]neis Samnitibus [Bruttieisque] Quirinalibusan. CDXXXC
272482[Sp. Carvilius C. f. C. n. Ma]ximus II [cos. II de Samnitib. Lucaneis Bruttieis] Tarentin[eis]que Non[is ...]an. CD[XXCI]
272482L. Papiruius L. f. [Sp. n.] Cursor I[I] cos. II de Ta[ren]tineis L[ucaneis Samnitib.] Bruttieis[que] I[...]an. CDXXCI
270484[Cn.] Cornel[ius P. f. Cn. n. Blasio cos.] de Regi[neis ...][an. CDXXCIII]
268486[P. Semp]ronius P. f. P. [n. Sophus cos.] de Peicentibus [...][an. CDXXCV]
268486Ap. Claudius Ap. f. C. [n. Russus] cos. de Peicen[tibus ...]an. CDXXCV
267487M. Atilius M. f. L. n. Re[gu]lus cos. de Sallentineis viii. [K. Febr.]a[n. CDXXCVI]
267487L. Julius L. f. L. n. Libo cos. de Sallentineis viii. K. Febr.an. C[DXXCVI]
266488D. Junius D. f. D. n. Pera cos. de Sassinatibus v. K. Octobr.an. CDXXCVII
266488N. Fabius C. f. M. n. Pictor cos. de Sassinatibus iii. Non. Oct.an. CDXXCVII
266488N. Fabius C. f. M. n. Pictor II cos. de Sallentineis Messapieisque K. Febr.an. CDXXCVII
266488D. Junius D. f. D. n. Pera II cos. de Sallentineis Messapieisq. Non. Febr.an. CDXXCVII
264490M. Fulvius Q. f. M. n. Flaccus cos. de Vulsiniensibus K. Nov.an. CDXXCIX
263491M'. Valerius M. f. M. n. Maxim. Messalla cos. de Poeneis et rege Siculor. Hierone xvi. K. April.an. CDXC
260494C. Duilius M. f. M. n. cos. primus navalem de Sicul. et classe Poenica egit K. Interkalar.an. CDXCIII
259495L. Cornelius L. f. Cn. n. Scipio cos. de Poenis et Sardin. Corsica v. Id. Mart.an. CDXCIV
258496C. Aquillius M. f. C. n. Florus pro cos. de Poeneis iiii. Non. Oct.an. CDXCV
258496C. Sulpicius Q. f. Q. n. Paterculus cos. de Poeneis et Sardeis iii. N[on. Oct.]an. CDX[CV]
257497A. Atilius A. f. C. n. Caiatinus pr. ex Sicilia de Poeneis xiiii. K. F[ebr.]an. [CDXCVI]
257497C. Atilius M. f. M. n. Regulus cos. de Poeneis navalem egit viii. [...]a. [CDXCVI]
256498L. Manlius A. f. P. n. Vulso Long. cos. de Poeneis navalem egit viii. [...]an. [CDXCVII]
254500Ser. Fulvius M. f. M. n. Paetinus Nobilior pro cos. de Cossurensibus et Poeneis navalem egit xiii. K. Febr.a. CDX[CIX]
254500M. Aimilius M. f. L. n. Paullus pro cos. de Cossurensibus et Poenis navalem egit xii. K. Febr.an. CDXCIX
253501Cn. Cornelius L. f. Cn. n. Scipio Asina pro cos. de Poeneis x. K. April.an. D
253501C. Sempronius Ti. f. Ti. n. Blaesus cos. de Poeneis K. April.an. D
252502C. Aurelius L. f. C. n. Cotta cos. de Poeneis et Siculeis Idibus April.an. DI
250504L. Caecilius L. f. C. n. Metellus pro cos. de Poeneis vii. Idus Septemb.a. DII[I]
241513C. Lutatius C. f. C. n. Catulus pro cos. de Poeneis ex Sicilia navale. egit iiii. Nonas Octobr.a. DXII
241513Q. Valerius Q. f. P. n. Falto pro pr. ex Sicilia navalem egit prid. Non. Oct.a. DXII
241513Q. Lutatius C. f. C. n. Cerco cos. de Falisceis K. Mart.an. DXII
241513A. Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus Atticus cos. II de Falisceis iv. Non. Ma[rt.]ann. DXII
236518P. Cornelius L. f. Ti. n. Lentulus Caudinus cos. de Ligurib. Idib. Inter[k.]an. DXV[II]
235519T. Manlius T. f. T. n. Torquatus cos. de Sardeis vi. Idus Mart.an. DXV[III]
234520Sp. Carvilius Sp. f. C. n. Maximus cos. de Sardeis K. April.an. D[XIX]
233521Q. Fabius Q. f. Q. n. Maximus Verrucossus cos. de Liguribus K. Febr.anno DXX
233521M'. Pomponius M'. f. M'. n. Matho cos. de Sardeis Idibus Mart.ann. DX[X]
231523C. Papirius C. f. L. n. Maso cos. de Corseis primus in monte Albano iii. Non. Mart.ann. DXXII
228526Cn. Fulvius Cn. f. Cn. n. Centumalus pro cos. ex Illurieis naval. egit x. K. Quint.a. DXXV
225529L. Aimilius Q. f. Cn. n. Papus cos. de Galleis iii. Nonas Mart.an. DXXIIX
223531C. Flaminius C. f. L. n. cos. de Galleis vi. id. Mart.anno DXXX
223531P. Furius Sp. f. M. n. Philus cos. de Galleis et Liguribus iiii. Idus Mar[t.]anno DXXX
222532M. Claudius M. f. M. n. Marcellus an. cos. de Galleis Insubribus et Germ[an.] K. Mart. isque spolia opima rettu[lit] duce hostium Virdomaro ad Clastid[ium interfecto]an. DXX[XI]

Third tablet
Year
BC		 Year
AUC		 Entry Annum
197557Q. Minucius C. f. C. n. Rufus cos. de G[alleis Liguribusque in monte] Alban[o ...]ann. DLVI
196558[M.] Claudiu[s M. f. M. n.] Marcellus [cos.] de Gal[leis Ins]ubrib. iv. Non. M[art.]a. DLV[II]
196558[Cn. Co]rneli[us — f. —] n. Blasio [quo]i qu[od Hispan. cit]eri[or. extra o]rdinem [obtinuerat permissum est] ovans [de Celtibereis ...]a. [DLVII]
195559M. Helv[ius — f. — n. pro cos. ovans de Celtibereis ...][anno DLIIX]
195559Q. M[inucius Q. f. L. n. Thermus] pr[o cos. ex Hispan. ulterior. ...][an. DLIIX]
194560M. Por[cius M. f. Cato pro cos.] ex Hi[spania citeriore ...][an. DLIX]
194560[T.] Quinc[tius T. f. L. n. Flamininus] pro cos. [ex Macedonia et rege] Philippo [per trid. ...][an. DLIX]
191563M. Fulvius M. [f. Ser. n. Nobilior] pro cos. ov[ans ex Hispania ulteriore] xv. K. Jan.[an. DLXII]
191563[P. Co]rne[lius Cn. f. L. n. Scipio Nasica cos. de Galleis Boieis ...][an. DLXII]
189565[L. Aimilius M. f. — n. Regillus pro] pr. ex Asia de [reg. Antiocho naval.] egit K. Febr.[an. DLXIV]
189565L. Cornelius P. f. L. n. S[cipio Asiaticus] pro cos. ex Asia de r[ege Antiocho pr. K. Mart.][an. DLXIV]
188566[Q.] Fabius Q. f. Q. n. Labe[o pr. ex] Asia de rege Antioch[o navalem egit N]on. Febr.[an. DLXV]
187567[M. Fu]lvius M. f. Ser. n. Nobil[ior II pro cos. de] Aetoleis et Ceph[allenia x. K. Jan.[an. DLXVI]
187567[Cn. Manlius Cn.] f. L. n. Vul[so pro cos. ex Asia de Galleis iii. Non. Mart.][an. DLXVI]
178576[Ti. Sempronius P. f. T]i. n. Grac[chus pro cos. de Celti]bereis Hispaneisq. iii. Non. F[ebr.]a. DLX[XV]
178576[L. Postumius A. f.] A. n. Albinus pro [cos. ex] Lu[sita]nia Hispaniaq. pr. Non. Fe[br.]an. DLXXV
177577[C. C]laudius [Ap. f. P.] n. Pulcher cos. de Histre[is et] Liguribus K. Interk.ann. DLXX[VI]
175579[T]i. Sempron[ius P. f.] Ti. n. Gracchus II pro co[s. ex Sa]rdinia Termi[nalib.]a. DLX[XIIX]
175579[M.] Titin[ius — f.] M. n. Curvus pr[o cos. ex Hispania citeriore ...][an. DLXXIIX]
175579[M. Aimiliu]s M. f. [M.] n. Lepidups cos. II de Lig]uribus iii. Id[us Mart.][a. DLXXIIX]
175579[P. Muci]us Q. f. P. n. [Sc]aevula [cos. de Li]guribus iiii. Id[us Mart.][ann. DLXXIIX]
174580[Ap. Claudius C. f. Ap.] n. Cento pro [cos.] ovan[s ex His]pania [Ce]ltiberia [K. Mart.]a. [DLXXIX]
172582[C. Ci]cer[eius — f. qui s]crib. [fuera]t pro pr. ex Corsica in monte Albano K. Oct.an. D[XXCI]
167587L. Aimilius L. f. M. n. Paullus II pro cos. ex Macedon. et rege Perse per triduum IIII II[I] pridie K. Decem.a. DXXC[VI]
167587[Cn. Oc]tavius Cn. f. Cn. n. pro pr. [ex] Macedon. et rege Perse naval. egit K. Dec.an. DXXCV[I]
167587[L. Ani]cius L. f. M. n. Gallus pro pr. de rege [Gen]fio et Illurie[is] Quirinalibusa. DXXCVI
166588[M. Cla]udius M. f. M. n. Marcellus cos. [de G]alleis Contrub[r]ieis et Liguribus [Elea]tibusque [K.] Interk.a. DXXCVII
166588[C. Sulpici]us C. f. C. n. G[alus] cos. [de Ligur]ibus Ta[...]rneis x. K. Mart.ann. DLXXXVII
158596[M. Fulvius] M. f. M. n. Nobilior pro cos. [de Liguri]bus Eleatibus xii. K. Sept.a. DX[CV]
155599[M. Claudius M. f.] M. n. Marcellus II cos. II [de ...]us et Apua[neis ...]a. DX[CIIX]
155599[P. Cornelius] P. f. Cn. [n. Scipio Nasica cos. II d]e De[lmateis ...][a. DXCIIX]
129625C. Sem[p]ronius C. f. C. n. Tuditan. cos. de Iapudibus K. Oct.a. DCXXIV

Fourth tablet
Year
BC		 Year
AUC		 Entry Annum
126628M'. Aquillius M'. f. M'. n. pro cos. ex A[si]a iii. Idus Novembr.an. DCXXVII
123631M. Fu[lvi]us M. f. Q. n. Flaccus pro [cos. de Li]guribus Vocontieis Salluveisq. vi. [...]an. DCXXX
122632C. Sextius C. f. C. n. Calvin. pro co[s.] de Ligurib. Vocontieis Salluveisq. [...][an. DCXXXI]
122632L. Aurelius L. f. L. n. Orestes pro cos. ex Sardinia vi. Idus Dec.an. DC[XXXI]
121633Q. Caecilius Q. f. Q. n. Metellus Baliaric. pro cos. de Baliarib. pr. N[on. ...]a. DCX[XXII]
120634Q. Fabius Q. Aemiliani f. Q. n. Maximus pro cos. de Allobro[gibus] et rege Arvernorum Betuito x. K. [...]an. DC[XXXIII]
120634Cn. Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. Ahenobarb. pro cos. de Galleis Arv[e]rneis xvi. K. [...]a. D[CXXXIII]
117637L. Caecilius L. f. Q. n. Mete[ll]us Delmatic. pro cos. de De[lma]teis iii. No[n. ...]ann. DCX[XXVI]
117637Q. Marcius Q. f. Q. n. Rex pro cos. de Liguribus Stoeneis iii. Non. De[c.]an. DCX[XXVI]
115639M. Aemilius M. f. L. n. Scaurus cos. de Galleis Karneis v. [... De]c.[an.] DCXXXIIX
111643M. Caecilius Q. f. Q. n. Mete[llus pro] cos. ex Sardini[a Idib. Quin]til.[a]n. DCXLII
111643[C. Caeci]lius Q. f. Q. n. [Metellus Caprar. pro cos. ex Thraecia Idi]b. Quint.a. DCXLII
110644[M. Livius C. f. M. Aimiliani n.] Drusus [pro cos. de Scordist]eis Macedonibusq. K. Mai.a. DCXLIII
107647[Q. Servilius Cn. f. Cn. n.] Caepio pro [cos. ex Hispania ul]teriore v. K. Nov.a. DCXLVI
106648[Q. Caecilius L. f. Q. n. Metel]l. Numidic. [pro cos. de Numideis et] rege Jugurtha [...]a. DCXLVII
106648[M. Minucius Q. f. — n. Rufus pro] cos. [de Scordisteis et Thraecibus ...] K. Sext.a. DCXLVII
104650[C. Marius C. f. C. n. cos. II de Numideis et rege Jugurtha K. Jan.][anno D]CXLIX
98656L. Cornelius P. f. L. n. Dolabell. pro cos. ex Hispania ulterior. de Lusitan. v. K. Feb.a. DCLV
93661T. Didius T. f. Sex. n. II pro cos. ex Hispania de Celtibereis iiii. Idus Jun.a. DCLX
93661P. Licinius M. f. P. n. Crassus pro cos. de Lusitaneis pridie Idus Jun.an. DCLX
89665Cn. Pompeius Sex. f. Cn. n. Strabo cos. de Asculaneis Picentibus vi. K. Jan.a. DCLXIV
88666[P. Serv]ilius C. f. M. n. Vatia pro pr. [de ...] xii. K. Novem.an. DCLXV
81673[L. Cornelius L. f. P. n. Sull]a Felix dict. [de rege Mithridate I]V iii. K. Febr.a. DCLXXII
81673[L. Licinius L. f. — n. Murena pro pr. [de rege Mithridate ...][an.] DCLXXII
62692[Q. Caecilius C. f. Q. n. Metellus Creticus pro cos. ex Creta insula ...] K. Jun.[a]n. DC[XCI]
61693[Cn. Pompeius Cn. f. Sex. n. Magnus III] pro cos. [ex Asia Ponto Armenia Paphla]gonia Cappadoc. [Cilicia Syria Scytheis Judaeeis Alb]ania pirateis [per biduum III pridie K. O]ct.a. DCXCII
54700[C. Pomptinus — f. — n. ... pro pr. de Allobrogibus iv. Non. Nov.]a. DCXCIX
45709Q. Fabius Q. f. Q. n. Maximus cos. ex Hispania iii. Idus Octo.an. DCCI[IX]
44710C. Julius C. f. C. n. Caesar VI dict. IIII ovans ex monte Albano vii. K. Febr.a. DC[CIX]
43711L. Munatius L. f. L. n. Plancus pro cos. ex Gallia iiii. K. Jan.an. [DCCX]
43711M. Aimilius M. f. Q. n. Lepidus IIIvir r. p. [c.] pro cos. ex Hispania pridie K. [Jan.][a. DCCX]
42712P. Vatinius P. f. pro cos. de Illurico pr. [K. Sex.]a. DCCXI]
41713L. Antonius M. f. M. n. cos. ex Alpibus [K. Jan.][a. DCCXII]
40714Imp. Caesar divi f. C. f. IIIvir r. p. c. ov[ans] quod pacem cum M. Antonio fecit [...][an. DCCXIII]
40714M. Antonius M. f. M. n. IIIvir r. p. c. ovan[s] quod pacem cum Imp. Caesar feci[t ...][an. DCCXIII]
39715L. Marcius L. f. C. n. Censorinus cos. ex Macedonia K. Jan.a. [DCCXIV]
39715C. Asinius Cn. f. Pollio pro cos. ex Parthineis viii. K. Novem.an. [DCCXIV]
38716P. Ventidius P. f. pro cos. ex Tauro monte et Partheis v. K. Decem.an. DCCX[V]
36718Cn. Domitius M. f. M. n. Calvinus pro cos. ex Hispania xvi. K. Sexil.an. DCCXVII
36718Imp. Caesar divi f. C. f. II IIIvir r. p. c. II ovans ex Sicilia Idibus Novembr.a. DCCXVII
34720T. Statilius T. f. Taurus pro cos. ex Africa pridie K. Jul.ann. DCCXIX
34720C. Sosius C. f. T. n. pro cos. ex Judaea iii. Non. Septembr.an. DCCXIX
34720C. Norbanus C. f. Flaccus pro cos. ex Hispania Id[us Oc]tobr.an. DCCXIX
29725[C. Carrinas C. f. — n. pro cos. ex Gallia] prid. I[dus Jul.][an. DCCXXV]
29725L. Autronius P. f. L. n. Paetus pro cos. ex Africa xvii. K. Septemb[r.]an. DCC[XXV]
28726M. Licinius M. f. M. n. Crassus pro cos. ex Thraecia et Geteis iv. Non. Jul.a. DCCXXVI
28726M. Valerius M. f. M. n. Messalla Corvinus pro cos. ex Gallia vii. K. Oct.a. DCCXXVI
26728Sex. Appuleius Sex. f. Sex. n. pro cos. ex Hispania vii. K. Febr.a. DCCXXVII
21733L. Sempronius L. f. L. n. Atratinus pro cos. ex Africa iiii. Idus Oct.a. DCCXXXII
19735L. Cornelius P. f. Balbus pro cos. ex Africa vi. K. April.a. DCCXXXIV

Dates

The Romans dated events counting back from certain days in each month: the Kalends, marking the beginning of each month; the Ides, occurring on the fifteenth of March, May, Quintilis (July), and October, and the thirteenth of all other months; and the Nones, occurring on the seventh day of March, May, Quintilis, and October, and the fifth of all other months. Perhaps because these dates were remnants of the old lunar calendar, the Romans counted inclusively, so that the first day of the month was reckoned the first day before the Kalends. The last day of the previous month was ante diem ii. Kalendas, or pridie Kalendas, and the day before that was ante diem iii. Kalendas.

As a highly inflected language, Latin uses different cases depending on whether an event occurs on or from a day (ablative: Kalendis, Nonis, Idibus), or before a day (accusative: Kalendas, Nonas, Idus), but in each case the day is feminine and plural. The name of the month to which the day belonged is treated as an adjective modifying the day, and is therefore also feminine, plural, and either ablative or accusative. A few triumphs occurred in Interkalaris, or Mercedonius, an intercalary month used prior to Caesar's calendar reforms in 46 BC, and inserted following February in some years. Some of the dates in the Fasti Triumphales refer to specific religious festivals; for instance several triumphs were held Quirinalibus, "on the Quirinalia", and at least one was held on the Terminalia. The following table gives the inflected forms of the months used in the fasti:

Thus, a date abbreviated "iii. Non. Oct." represents ante diem tertium Nonas Octobres, i.e. the third day before the Nones of October, or October 5, while "Idib. Dec." represents Idibus Decembribus, occurring precisely on the Ides of December, or December 13, and "pridie K. Quint." would be pridie Kalendas Quintiles, or the last day of June. After the death of Caesar, the month of Quintilis officially became Julius (accusative feminine plural Julias, ablative Juliis), and in 8 BC, Sextilis became Augustus (accusative feminine plural Augustas, ablative Augustis), but the latter month does not appear in the Triumphal Fasti, which end in 19 BC.

Peoples and places

All of the people and places mentioned in the Fasti Triumphales occur in the ablative case: de Samnitibus means, roughly, "(he triumphed) over the Samnites"; pro cos. ex Hispania means "proconsul of (literally out of or from) Spain". In this list, the first form is the one appearing in the fasti, and the second is the nominative, or uninflected form. The suffix -que, usually abbreviated -q., means "and", combining the preceding words with the one to which it is attached; de Veientibus Sabineisque means "over the Veientes and the Sabines".

Peoples

Places

Persons

Things
  • classe Poenica = classis Poenica, the Carthaginian navy
  • pacem = pax, peace
  • pirateis = piratae, pirates

Footnotes
  1. As with the names of many Roman artifacts and institutions, the capitalization of Fasti Triumphales varies from source to source; sometimes both words are capitalized, sometimes the first word, and sometimes neither. In this article, Fasti Triumphales and its alternatives are treated as proper names, while "fasti" by itself is taken as a common noun.
  2. These notations are usually referred to as iterations.
  3. Because the rest of the entry is written around the year, transcriptions of the Triumphales may give the impression that the year occurs in random locations in each entry.
  4. The Triumphales and Capitolini both use the era of Cato, who placed the founding of the city one year later than Varro.
  5. Note that Roman numerals were used more flexibly by the Romans than is typical today, and not always consistently: in the Fasti Triumphales, CDXXXXI, 441, occurs immediately before CDXLII, 442. "Double subtractives" such as CXXCVI, 186, and CDXIIX, 418, are regularly encountered.
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See also

References
  1. Oxford Classical Dictionary, 2nd Ed., pp. 429, 430 ("Fasti").
  2. Lanciani, New Tales of Old Rome, pp. 68–72.
  3. Sandys, Latin Epigraphy, p. 167.
  4. Sandys, Latin Epigraphy, pp. 167–172.
  5. CIL, I. p. 341.
  6. AE 1889, 70; 1893, 80; 1904, 113, 196; 1930, 60; 1940, 61.
  7. Sandys, Latin Epigraphy, p. 170.

Bibliography
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