Hernici

The Hernici were an Italic tribe of ancient Italy, whose territory was in Latium between the Fucine Lake and the Sacco River (Trerus), bounded by the Volsci on the south, and by the Aequi and the Marsi on the north.

Map showing location of the Hernici in central Italy.

For many years of the early Roman republic they were allied with Rome and fought alongside it against its neighbours.

In 495 BC Livy records that they entered into a treaty with the Volsci against ancient Rome.[1][2]

They long maintained their independence, and in 486 BC were still strong enough to conclude an equal treaty with the Latins.[3]

In 475 BC they fought alongside the Latins against the Aequi and Volsci, and in the same year fought alongside Rome against the Veientes and Sabines.[4] In 468 BC they fought alongside Rome against the Volsci.[5]

In 464 BC they warned Rome of the betrayal of Ecetra, and fought alongside Rome against the Aequi who were allied with the Ecetrans.[6]

They broke away from Rome in 362[7] and in 306,[8] when their chief town Anagnia was taken and reduced to a praefectura, but Ferentinum, Aletrium and Verulae were rewarded for their fidelity by being allowed to remain free municipia, a position which at that date they preferred to the civitas.

The name of the Hernici, like that of the Volsci, is missing from the list of Italian peoples whom Polybius[9] describes as able to furnish troops in 225 BC; by that date, therefore, their territory cannot have been distinguished from Latium generally, and it seems probable that they had then received the full Roman citizenship. The oldest Latin inscriptions of the district (from Ferentinum[10]) are earlier than the Social War, and present no local characteristic.

Language
Hernican
RegionItaly
Extinctyes
Indo-European
Old Italic alphabet
Language codes
ISO 639-3xhr
xhr
Glottologhemi1234[11]

A couple of inscriptions show that the Hernican language was a member of the Sabellian group. Their name, with its "co" termination, classes them along with the "co"-tribes, like the Volsci, who would seem to have been earlier inhabitants of the west coast of Italy, rather than with the tribes whose names were formed with the "no"-suffix.

Gentes of Hernician origin
gollark: We have technological night vision goggles. Which are probably cheaper than genetically engineering people.
gollark: I do know about the various design flaws, but also we can compensate with technology.
gollark: I guess better eyes would be slightly useful.
gollark: Intelligence is very polygenic.
gollark: Maybe faster healing somehow, but good luck finding genes for that.

See also
  • Hernici Mounts

References
  1. Livy, Ab urbe condita, 2.22
  2. Barthold Georg Niebuhr (1845). Niebuhr's History of Rome. D.A. Talboys. pp. 180–.
  3. Dionysius of Halicarnassus viii. 64 and 68
  4. Livy, ii. 53.
  5. Livy, ii. 64.
  6. Livy, iii.4-5.
  7. Livy vii.6 if.
  8. Livy ix.42
  9. ii. 24
  10. C.I.L. x. 5837-5840
  11. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Hernican". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
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