Biosphere reserves of India

The Indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves[1] (categories roughly correspondingly to IUCN Category V Protected areas) to protect larger areas of natural habitat than a typical national park or animal sanctuary, and that often include one or more national parks or preserves, along with buffer zones that are open to some economic uses. Protection is granted not only to the flora and fauna of the protected region, but also to the human communities who inhabit these regions, and their ways of life.

Part of a series on the
Wildlife of India

World network

Eleven of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list.[1][2][3]

#NameStates/ UTYear
1 Nilgiri Biosphere ReserveTamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka2000
2 Gulf of Mannar Biosphere ReserveTamil Nadu2001
3 Sundarbans Biosphere ReserveWest Bengal2001
4 Nanda Devi Biosphere ReserveUttarakhand2004
5 Nokrek Biosphere ReserveMeghalaya2009
6 Pachmarhi Biosphere ReserveMadhya Pradesh2009
7 Simlipal Biosphere ReserveOdisha2009
8 Great Nicobar Biosphere ReserveAndaman & Nicobar Islands2013
9 Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere ReserveChhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh2012[2]
10 Agasthyamalai Biosphere ReserveKerala and Tamil Nadu2016[4]
11 Khangchendzonga National ParkSikkim2018[5]


    List of biosphere reserves in India
    Biosphere reserves of India
    YearNameLocationStateTypeKey faunaArea (km2)
    1 1986Nilgiri Biosphere ReservePart of Waynad, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Mudumalai, Nilambur, Silent ValleyTamil Nadu, Kerala and KarnatakaWestern GhatsNilgiri tahr, tiger, lion-tailed macaque5520
    2 1988Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve Parts of Chamoli District, Pithoragarh District & Bageshwar DistrictUttarakhandWestern HimalayasSnow leopard, Himalayan black bear5860
    3 1989Gulf of MannarIndian part of Gulf of Mannar extending from Rameswaram island in the north to Kanyakumari in the south of Tamil Nadu and Sri LankaTamil NaduCoastsDugong10500
    4 1988NokrekIn west Garo HillsMeghalayaEastern hillsRed panda820.00 
    5 1989SundarbansPart of delta of Ganges and Brahmaputra river systemWest BengalGangetic DeltaRoyal Bengal tiger9630
    6 1989ManasPart of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup and Darrang DistrictsAssamEastern HillsAsiatic elephant, tiger, Assam roofed turtle, hispid hare, golden langur, pygmy hog2837
    7 1994SimlipalPart of Mayurbhanj districtOdishaDeccan PeninsulaGaur, royal Bengal tiger, Asian elephant4374
    8 1998Dihang-DibangPart of Siang and Dibang ValleyArunachal PradeshEastern HimalayaMishmi takin, musk deer5112
    9 1999Pachmarhi Biosphere ReserveParts of Betul District, Hoshangabad District and Chhindwara DistrictMadhya PradeshSemi-AridGiant squirrel, flying squirrel4981.72
    10 2005Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere ReservePart of Annupur, Dindori and Bilaspur districtsMadhya Pradesh, ChhattisgarhMaikala HillsFour-horned antelope, Indian wild dog, sarus crane, white-rumped vulture, sacred grove bush frog3835
    11 2008Great Rann of KutchPart of Kutch, Morbi, Surendranagar and Patan districts; the largest biosphere reserve in India.GujaratDesertIndian wild ass12454
    12 2009Cold DesertPin Valley National Park and surroundings; Chandratal and Sarchu & Kibber Wildlife SanctuaryHimachal PradeshWestern HimalayasSnow leopard7770
    13 2000KhangchendzongaParts of KangchenjungaSikkimEast HimalayasSnow leopard, red panda2620
    14 2001Agasthyamalai Biosphere ReserveNeyyar, Peppara and Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary and their adjoining areasKerala, Tamil NaduWestern GhatsNilgiri tahr, Asian elephant3500.08
    15 1989Great NicobarSouthernmost of the Andaman and Nicobar IslandsAndaman and Nicobar IslandsIslandsSaltwater crocodile885
    16 1997Dibru-SaikhowaPart of Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districtsAssamEastern HillsWhite-winged wood duck, water buffalo, black-breasted parrotbill, tiger, capped langur765
    17 2010Seshachalam HillsSeshachalam Hill Ranges covering parts of Chittoor and Kadapa districtsAndhra PradeshEastern GhatsSlender loris4755
    18 2011PannaPart of Panna District and Chhatarpur DistrictMadhya PradeshCatchment Area of the Ken RiverTiger, chital, chinkara, sambhar and sloth bear2998.98

    Potential sites

    The following is a list of potential sites for Biosphere Reserves as selected by Ministry of Forests and Environment:[6]

    gollark: Perhaps. Who knows.
    gollark: I haven't seen those posters. I think it was just one place.
    gollark: That's one very stupid police department.
    gollark: Oh, that.
    gollark: Also, this is mildly interesting: https://www.theregister.com/2020/05/28/openssh_deprecating_sha1/

    References
    1. "Biosphere Reserves in India" (PDF). Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
    2. "20 new Biosphere Reserves added to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme". UNESCO. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
    3. "Man and the Biosphere Programme". UNESCO. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
    4. "20 sites added to UNESCO's World Network of Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO. 19 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
    5. Mohan, Vishwa (8 August 2018). "Kanchenjunga Biosphere Reserve gets entry into the UNESCO's global list". The Economic Times (India). Retrieved 5 February 2020.
    6. "Status of Biosphere reserves in India" (PDF). ENVIRO NEWS, Ministry of Environment and Forests. January–March 2008. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2013.
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