Engineering education in India

India is one of the largest producers of engineers in the world. In India, there are numerous engineering colleges imparting undergraduate and graduate courses in engineering, applied engineering and sciences. The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) and Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are considered the most prestigious engineering institutes in India.[1][2]

Indian Institutes of Technology

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) has 23 centers located in Bhubaneswar, Bombay, Delhi, Gandhinagar, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore, Jodhpur, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras, Mandi, Patna, Roorkee, Ropar, Dhanbad, Palakkad, Tirupati, Bhilai, Goa, Jammu, Dharwad and Varanasi. All IITs enjoy the status of the Institutes of National Importance and are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula. Many IITs are members of LAOTSE, an international network of universities in Europe and Asia. LAOTSE membership allows the IITs to exchange students and senior scholars with universities in other countries.

Admission to undergraduate B.Tech and integrated M.Tech programs are through JEE Advanced (the Joint Entrance Examination Advanced) in which around 150,000 students appear annually out of which only around 11,032[3] get selected. These 150,000 students are initially sorted out by the JEE Mains (Joint Entrance Examination Mains) which is conducted by the NTA (National Testing Agency). Around 1.3 million students appear for this exam. Admission to most postgraduate courses in IITs is granted through various written entrance examinations: GATE (for M.Tech.), JAM (for M.Sc.) and CEED (for M.Des.). The admission for Ph.D. program is based primarily on a personal interview, though candidates may also have to appear for written tests. The IITs are also well known for their special reservation policy, which is significantly different from the one applied in other educational institutions of India.[4]

National Institutes of Technology

The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are colleges of engineering and technology education in India. All NITs enjoy the status of the Institutes of National Importance and are autonomous universities that draft their own curricula. They were originally called Regional Engineering Colleges (RECs). In 2002, the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, decided to upgrade, in phases, all the original 17 RECs as NITs. There are currently 31 NITs, with the inception of 10 new NITs in the year 2010 and another in 2015. The 31 NITs are located in Allahabad, Agartala, Bhopal, Durgapur, Hamirpur, Kozhikode, Kurukshetra, Jalandhar, Jamshedpur, Jaipur, Nagpur, Patna, Raipur, Rourkela, Silchar, Srinagar, Surathkal, Surat, Tiruchirappalli, Warangal, Yupia, New Delhi, Farmagudi, Imphal, Shillong, Aizawl, Dimapur, Karaikal, Ravangla, Srinagar and Tadepalligudem. The Government of India has introduced the National Institutes of Technology (NIT) Act 2010 to bring 31 such institutions within the ambit of the act and to provide them with complete autonomy in their functioning. The NITs are deliberately scattered throughout the country in line with the government norm of an NIT in every major state of India to promote regional development. The individual NITs, after the introduction of the NIT Act, have been functioning as autonomous technical universities and hence can draft their own curriculum and functioning policies.[5] The admission to undergraduate programs of all the NITs was done by the All India Engineering Entrance Examination popularly known as AIEEE. From the year 2013, AIEEE was replaced by JEE-Main (Joint Entrance Examination - Main) in which 40% weightage was given to the Higher Secondary results and 60% weightage was given to the JEE(Main) results. However, the weightage of Higher Secondary result was made to be 0% from the year 2017 onwards and it was only given as an eligibility criteria (of either attaining 75% in HS results or being in the top 20% of the respective board). The examination is objective by nature and is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA)[6] from the year 2019. The exam was previously conducted by CBSE. More than fourteen lakh(1,400,000) applicants took part in 2013 for approximately 15500 seats in the B. Tech and B. Arch programmes available in all the NITs put together.[7]

Other institutions

The Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs)[8], the International Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), the Indian Institutes of Engineering Science and Technology (IIESTs), and the Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani) are other notable engineering institutions in India.

The Institution of Engineers (India)

AMIE was established in 1920 in Kolkata, West Bengal and is acclaimed to have pioneered education in Engineering. IEI (I) conducts an examination for its Associate Membership(AMIE). This examination is considered as B.E. / B.Tech.[4] when contemplated as o write competitive examinations like the Indian Civil Service, Indian Engineering Services, GATE, etc., and for employment in Government, public and private sectors in India. This qualification is recognised by Ministry of HRD, Government of India as equivalent to B.E./ B.Tech.

There are 2 sections, namely Section A and Section B, who passed both of section he will be chartered engineer(CEng), chartered engineer(CEng) is considered as bachelor's degree in all National and International bodies.

As per AICTE, AMIE is recognized as equivalent to bachelor's degree in appropriate branch of engineering, to those who had enrolled themselves with the institution on or before 31 May 2013. Refer notification from AICTE website. .

AICTE approved institutes by state

List of AICTE approved institutes by state, for the academic year 2017-2018:

S.No	State/Union Territory	Number of Engineering Institutes[9]
1	Andaman & Nicobar Islands	1
2	Andhra Pradesh	149
3	Arunachal Pradesh	24
4	Assam	37
5	Bihar	107
6	Chandigarh	14
7	Chhattisgarh	73
8	Dadra and Nagar Haveli	3
9	Daman and Diu	2
10	Delhi	56
11	Goa	17
12	Gujarat	197
13	Haryana	226
14	Himachal Pradesh	64
15	Jammu & Kashmir	53
16	Jharkhand	73
17	Karnataka	157
18	Kerala	129
19	Madhya Pradesh	241
20	Maharashtra	334
21	Manipur	4
22	Meghalaya	7
23	Mizoram	4
24	Nagaland	8
25	Odisha	242
26	Puducherry	29
27	Punjab	302
28	Rajasthan	281
29	Sikkim	5
30	Tamil Nadu	314
31	Telangana	253
32	Tripura	13
33	Uttar Pradesh	574
34	Uttarakhand	117
35	West Bengal	172
-	Total	4282

Corruption in Engineering Education

Some of the engineering colleges have been known for involving themselves in the illegal practice of capitation fee. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the regulatory body for technical education in India, has called "upon the students, parents and the general public not to pay any capitation fee or any other fee other than that mentioned in the Prospectus of the Institutions for consideration of admission.".[10] AICTE also mentions that the fee charged from students, has to be approved by the fee regulatory committee of the state, and the institute should mention the fee in its website.[11] As per AICTE norms, the educational institutions are not meant to charge a fee higher than what is mentioned in the prospectus. Educational regulatory agencies such as UGC[12] and regional level fee regulating bodies[13] has mandated that an institution should include the fee in the prospectus.

See also

• List of Indian engineering colleges before 1947

References

1. "National Institutes of Technology". nitcouncil.org.in. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
2. "Indian Institutes of Technology". www.iitsystem.ac.in. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
3. "More dreams get wings as IITs to add 460 seats this year".
4. "IITs | Technical Education | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
5. "Technical Education | Government of India,of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2018-07-02.
6. Misra, Aishwarya (2018-04-14). "Establishment of the NTA: Purpose, Organization, Features". EduPadhai. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
7. "NITs | Technical Education | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-04-05.
8. "IIIT Institutions | Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development". mhrd.gov.in. Retrieved 2020-05-16.
9. "List of AICTE approved Institutes for the academic year: 2017-2018". AICTE. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
10. http://www.aicte-india.org/downloads/notice_prohibition_capitation_fee.pdf
11. "All India Council for Technical Education" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
12. "Deemed Regulation- The Gazette of India" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.
13. "MBA Directives issued to all All Self-Financing Management Institutes on 11-05-2015" (PDF). Retrieved 17 September 2016.