Shenyang Mandarin

Shenyang dialect
	瀋陽話 / 沈阳话; Shěnyánghuà
Native to	China
Region	Shenyang
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Mandarin Northeastern Mandarin Shenyang dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	cmn-she
Glottolog	shen1252[1]

Shenyang Mandarin (Chinese: 沈阳话) is a dialect of Northeastern Mandarin used by people in and around Shenyang, the capital of Liaoning province and the largest city in Northeast China. It is very close to Standard Chinese but has some notably distinctive words. Some people think of it as a strong accent rather than a distinct dialect. Because of its similarity to the standard language, pinyin can be used to represent the pronunciation.

However, as schools in Shenyang teach only the standard language, usage of the dialect is dwindling.

Relative pitch changes of the four tones in Standard Chinese. Shenyang diverges the most with tone 1.

The most distinctive aspect of the Shenyang dialect is the much lower pitch of the first tone than in Standard Chinese. It would be positioned at 2, rather than 5, on the chart at right. As a result, it can sound rather like the third tone.

Like Beijing dialect, Shenyang dialect is characterized by erhua (儿化).

Some of the words in Shenyang dialect come from other languages like the Manchu language. One example is 旮旯儿 gālár 'corner'.

Examples of words in various Northeastern dialects (note that these are not specific to Shenyang):

Northeastern Mandarin	pinyin	Standard Mandarin	Meaning
不赶趟兒	bù gǎn tàng r	赶不上	unable to catch up
波楞盖儿	bō lin gàr	膝盖	kneecap
疙瘩、圪塔	gāda	地方	place (noun)
得瑟	dèse	卖弄	to show off
老鼻子（了）	lǎobízi(le)	很多	a lot
驲驲地	rírídi	（形容速度快）	interjection for very fast speed
埋汰	máitai	脏	dirty, filthy
嘎哈	gāhā	干什么、干嘛	What are you doing?
砢碜	kēchen (pronounced kezhen)	难看	ugly, hideous
老	lǎo	很	very
贼	zéi	特别	exceedingly
毙	bì	棒	good, excellent
蚂蛉	mālíng	蜻蜓	dragonfly
嘎赌	gàdu	打赌	to bet

Phonology

Shenyang dialect has 19 initial consonants, as opposed to 21 in Standard Mandarin. Most notably, retroflex consonants [ʈ͡ʂ], [ʈ͡ʂʰ] and [ʂ] in Standard Chinese are pronounced as [t͡s], [t͡sʰ] and [s], respectively, while [ɻ] is omitted. While lost in Standard Mandarin, Middle Chinese [ɳ] is preserved in Shenyang dialect. [v] exists in Shenyang dialect.[2]

Initial consonants, Shenyang dialect
		Labial	Alveolar	Dental sibilants	Palatal	Velar
Stops	unaspirated	p	t	t͡s	t͡ɕ	k
Stops	aspirated	pʰ	tʰ	t͡sʰ	t͡ɕʰ	kʰ
Nasals		m	n		ɳ
Fricatives		f	v	s	ɕ	x
Approximants			l

Standard Mandarin diphthongs tend to be pronounced as monophthongs in Shenyang dialect. For example, [ai] becomes [æ], and [au] becomes [ɔ].[2]

gollark: "Debate" mostly isn't actual meaningful debate but just showing how virtuous you are for showing how terrible the Other Side is.

gollark: It's much more about tribal signalling than actual policy and doing useful things.

gollark: You can't actually do anything significant to them in most cases, and they monopolize vast amounts of people's attention and communication bandwidth.

gollark: Large-scale politics is *basically* (EDIT: mostly) a horrible infohazard pushed by organizations trying to maximize your engagement (which is often done by generating outrage at the Other Side) and the politicians trying to get you to use your small and indirected power to benefit them.

gollark: NOT ignoring them doesn't work well either.

References

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Shenyang Mandarin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
孟祥宇 (2011). "沈阳方言音系概说". 语文学刊 (1).

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[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Shenyang Mandarin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Yuwen_Xuekan-2] 孟祥宇 (2011). "沈阳方言音系概说". 语文学刊 (1).