Kunming dialect

Kunming dialect
Native to	China
Region	Yunnan
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Mandarin Southwestern Kunming dialect; ; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Linguist List	cmn-kun
Glottolog	kunm1234[1]

The Kunming dialect (simplified Chinese: 昆明话; traditional Chinese: 昆明話; pinyin: Kūnmíng Huà) is a dialect of Southwestern Mandarin Chinese. Luo Changpei describes it as having "simple phonemes, elegant vocabulary, and clear grammar. "

Beginnings

The beginnings of the Kunming dialect are closely linked with the migration of the Han Chinese to Yunnan. The differences between "old" Kunming dialect and the "new" dialect began in the 1940s. In the aftermath of the Second Sino-Japanese War, large numbers of refugees from the north of China and the Jiangnan region fled to Kunming, with profound effects for the politics, economy and culture of the city. This large influx of outsiders also had an influence on the local dialect, which slowly developed into the "new" Kunming dialect.

Learning

The tones, pronunciation, and lexicon are distinct between Northern Mandarin and Kunming dialect.[2]

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References

Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kunming Chinese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
International Pragmatics Association (2002). Pragmatics: quarterly publication of the International Pragmatics Association, Volume 12. The Association. p. 187. Retrieved 23 September 2011. The differences between Kunming Chinese and the Northern Mandarin (or Mandarin in short, with Beijing dialect as the representative) mainly lie in the tones of words, the tone values of the tones, the lexicon, and the different pronunciations of some words. (the University of Michigan)

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[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kunming Chinese". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[2] International Pragmatics Association (2002). Pragmatics: quarterly publication of the International Pragmatics Association, Volume 12. The Association. p. 187. Retrieved 23 September 2011. The differences between Kunming Chinese and the Northern Mandarin (or Mandarin in short, with Beijing dialect as the representative) mainly lie in the tones of words, the tone values of the tones, the lexicon, and the different pronunciations of some words. (the University of Michigan)