Pornography laws by region

Pornography laws by region vary throughout the world. The production and distribution of pornographic films are both activities that are lawful in many, but by no means all, countries so long as the pornography features performers aged above a certain age, usually eighteen years. Further restrictions are often placed on such material.

World map of Pornography laws:
  Generally legal with certain extreme exceptions and ban on child pornography
  Partially legal, under some broad restrictions, or ambiguous status
  Illegal
  Data unavailable

Table
Country or territorySalePossessionInternet pornography PenaltyNotes
AbkhaziaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
AfghanistanIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[1]
AlbaniaUncertainUncertainLegalUncertain
AlgeriaIllegalIllegalRestrictedUncertain
AndorraLegalLegalLegal
ArgentinaLegalLegalLegal
ArmeniaIllegalLegalLegal
Article 263. (Illegal dissemination of pornographic materials or items)
Illegal manufacture, sale as well as, dissemination of pornographic materials or items, as well as, printed publications, films and videos, images or other pornographic objects, and advertising, is punished with a fine in the amount of 200 to 400 minimal salaries, or with arrest for the term of up to 2 months, or with imprisonment for the term of up to 2 years
AustraliaIllegal in Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, and Queensland. Legal in Northern Territory and the Australian Capital TerritoryLegalRestricted
AustriaLegalLegalLegal
AzerbaijanLegalLegalLegal
BahamasIllegalLegalLegalUncertain
BahrainIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[2]
BangladeshIllegalIllegalBlockedUp to 10 years in jail and 500 Thousand Taka fine
BelarusIllegalLegalBlockedUp to four years in prison
BelizeIllegalLegalLegal
Article 323. (Obscene publication)
  1. Every person who publishes or offers for sale any obscene book, writing or representation, shall be liable to imprisonment for two years.
Bhutan Illegal Illegal Blocked
Article 381. (Lewd and lascivious conduct )
A defendant shall be guilty of the offence of lewd and lascivious conduct, if the defendant:
(b) Sells, manufactures, issues, distributes, displays or otherwise deals in obscene material.
Article 476. (Computer pornography )
A defendant shall be guilty of the offence of computer pornography, if the defendant:
(a) Publishes and distributes an obscene photograph or picture on the computer or over the internet; or
(b) Is an internet service provider, who knowingly acts as a host for pornographic material or acts as a channel for the image to be transmitted to an individual user.
[3]
BelgiumLegalLegalLegal
BeninUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
BotswanaIllegalIllegalLegalUncertain[4]
BrazilLegalLegalLegal
Brunei Illegal Illegal Uncertain
Article 292. (Sale etc. of obscene articles)
  1. Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, publicly exhibits or in any manner puts into circulation, or for purposes of sale, hire distribution, public exhibition or circulation makes, produces or has in his possession any obscene article shall be guilty of an offence and shall be punished with a fine of not less than $500 and not more than $5,000 and imprisonment which may extend to 2 years; and in the case of a second or subsequent conviction, a fine of not less than $1,000 and not more than $30,000 and imprisonment which may extend to 5 years.
Bulgaria Illegal Legal Legal
Article 159.
  1. A person who produces, displays, presents, broadcasts, distributes, sells, rents or otherwise circulates a pornographic material, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty of up to one year and a fine of BGN one thousand (1,000) to three thousand (3,000).
Burkina FasoLegalLegalUncertainUncertain
BurundiUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
CambodiaIllegalUncertainUncertainUncertain
CameroonUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
CanadaLegalLegalLegal
Central African RepublicUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
People's Republic of ChinaIllegalRestrictedBlockedUncertain[5]
CubaIllegalIllegalBlocked
EgyptIllegalIllegalLegalUncertain[6]
Republic of CongoUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
Ivory CoastIllegalUncertainUncertainUncertain
ComorosIllegalUncertainUncertainUncertain
CroatiaLegalLegalLegal
Czech RepublicLegalLegalLegal
DenmarkLegalLegalLegalSee: Pornography in Denmark
DjiboutiIllegalUncertainUncertainUncertain
EcuadorLegalLegalLegal
Equatorial GuineaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
EritreaIllegalLegalUncertain
Article 313. (Obscene or Indecent Publications)
  1. A person who publicly distributes, displays or traffics in writings, images, posters, films, objects or other communications that are obscene or grossly indecent, is guilty of obscenity, a Class 1 petty offence, punishable with a definite term of imprisonment of not less than 6 months and not more than 12 months, or a fine of 20,001 – 50,000 Nakfas, to be set in intervals of 2,500 Nakfas.
  2. It is not an offence under sub-Article (1) where the conduct takes place in private, or where the material is artistic, literary or scientific in character.
EstoniaLegalLegalLegal
EthiopiaIllegalforbiddenforbiddenforbidden
FinlandLegalLegalLegal
FranceLegalLegalLegal
GabonIllegalIllegalLegalUncertain
Gambia Illegal Illegal Legal
Section 144B.
(2) A person who produces or participates in the production of, or trafficks in, publishes, broadcasts, procures, imports, exports or in any way abets pornography contrary to subsection (1) commits an offence and is liable on conviction to a fine of not less than twenty thousand dalasis or imprisonment not exceeding ten years or both.
Gaza StripIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[7]
GeorgiaUncertainUncertainLegalUncertain
GermanyLegalLegalLegal
GhanaIllegalIllegal Legal
Article 281. (Further Offences Relating to Obscenity)
  1. Any person who:
    (a) for the purposes of or by way of trade, or for the purposes of distribution or public exhibition, makes, produces, or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures, posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph films, or any other obscene objects [...]
    : shall be guilty of a misdemeanour.
GreeceLegalLegalLegal
GuineaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
Guinea-BissauUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
GuyanaIllegalLegalLegalUncertain
Hong KongRestrictedLegalLegal
HungaryLegalLegalLegal
IcelandIllegalLegalLegal
Article 210, Icelandic Criminal Law
If pornography is published in print, the person responsible for publishing it in accordance with printing laws shall be subject to fines or imprisonment for up to 6 months.
 [8]
IndiaIllegalLegal, possession of pornography is legal in India, but manufacturing and distribution of pornography is illegal.Most porn sites are banned
Indian Penal Code-1860 Section 292, 293 and IT Act-67B. (Illegal dissemination of pornographic materials) & (Illegal Child Pornography)
  1. Anyone who sells, let's to hire, distributes, exhibits or circulates to any person under the age of 20 years any such obscene object a Illegal manufacture, sale as well as, dissemination of pornographic materials or items, as well as, printed publications will severely punished with a fine in the amount of 2000 rupees fine for monthly term, or with imprisonment for the term of up to 7 years.
  2. Whoever browses, publishes, creates, downloads obscene content of child pornography which are strictly prohibited will be punished with imprisonment of 5 years and 10 lakh rupees fine.
 [9]
IndonesiaIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[10]
IranIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[11]
Iraq Illegal Uncertain Legal
Article 403. (: Immodest and shameful acts)
  1. Any person who produces, imports, publishes, possesses, obtains or translates a book, printed or other written material, drawing, picture, film, symbol or other thing that violates the public integrity or decency with intent to exploit or distribute such material is punishable by a period of detention not exceeding 2 years plus a fine not exceeding 200 dinars or by one of those penalties
 [12]
IrelandLegalLegalLegal
Israel (excluding Palestinian territories)LegalLegalLegal
ItalyLegalLegalLegal
JamaicaLegalLegalLegalUncertain
JapanRestrictedLegalRestricted
JordanIllegalUncertainUncertain
KazakhstanIllegalUncertainSome sites blockedUncertain
KenyaIllegalUncertain Legal
Article 166. (Traffic in obscene publication)
  1. Any person who:
    (a) for the purpose of or by way of trade or for the purpose of distribution or public exhibition, makes, produces or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures, posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph -films or any other objects or any other object tending to corrupt morals [...]
    : is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable, to imprisonment for two years or to a fine of seven thousand shillings.
Kiribati Illegal Illegal Uncertain
Article 166. (Traffic in obscene publication)
  1. Any person who:
    (a) for the purpose of or by way of trade or for the purpose of distribution or public exhibition, makes, produces or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures, posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph -films or any other objects or any other object tending to corrupt morals [...]
    : is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable, to imprisonment for two years or to a fine of two hundred dollars.
KosovoLegalLegalLegal
KuwaitIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[13]
LaosIllegalLegalLegal
Article 138. (Dissemination of Pornographic Objects and Objects Contrary to Fine Traditions)
  1. Any person engaging in the widespread production, distribution, or dissemination of pornographic items, magazines, pictures, video cassettes and other materials contrary to fine traditions shall be punished by three months to one year of imprisonment and shall be fined from 200,000 Kip to 5,000,000 Kip.
LebanonIllegalUncertainLegalUncertain
LesothoUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
LiberiaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
LibyaIllegalIllegalLegalUncertain
Lithuania Illegal Legal Legal
Article 309. (Possession of Pornographic Material)
  1. A person who, for the purpose of distribution, produces or acquires pornographic material or distributes such material shall be punished by community service or by a fine or by restriction of liberty or by imprisonment for a term of up to one year.
LuxembourgLegalLegalLegal
MacauLegalLegalLegalUncertain
MadagascarUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
MalaysiaIllegalIllegalBlockedUp to 5 years in jail[14]
Maldives Illegal Illegal Some sites blocked
Article 622. (Producing or Distributing Obscene Material)
  1. A person commits an offense if, with knowledge of its obscene nature or content, he:
(1) Sells, delivers, or provides one or more obscene writings, pictures, records, or other representations or embodiments of the obscene; or [...]
(6) Creates, buys, procures, or possesses obscene matter or material with the purpose of distributing it in violation of this Section. [...] The offenses in Subsections (a)(1) through (a)(6) are Class 1 misdemeanors.
See: Pornography in the Maldives
MaliIllegalUncertainBlockedUncertain
MauritaniaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
MauritiusUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
MexicoLegalLegalLegal
MonacoLegalLegalLegal
MongoliaIllegalLegalLegal
Article 123. (Advertising and dissemination of pornography and prostitution)
  1. W Preparation, dissemination, sale, display to the public, crossing of the state frontier of the press, literature, films, video tapes and other items advertising pornography shall be punishable by a fine equal to 31 to 50 amounts of minimum salary or by incarceration for a term of 1 to 3 months.
MoroccoIllegalIllegalLegalUncertain
MozambiqueUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
MyanmarIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain
Nagorno-KarabakhUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
NamibiaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
NepalIllegalIllegalBlocked[15]
NetherlandsLegalLegalLegal
New ZealandLegalLegalLegal
NigerUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
NigeriaIllegal (but enforcement is light)UncertainLegalUncertain
North KoreaIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[16]
Northern CyprusUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
NorwayLegalLegalLegal
OmanIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[17]
PakistanIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[18]
PalauUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
PalestineUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
Papua New GuineaIllegalIllegalBlockedUp to 6 months' imprisonment and/or a fine up to 100,000 Papua New Guinean kina
PhilippinesIllegalLegalSome sites blocked depending on ISPUncertain
PolandLegalLegalLegal
PortugalLegalLegalLegal
Qatar Illegal Illegal Blocked
Article 292. (Sale of obscene books, etc.)
  1. Whoever produces, imports, exports, possesses or transports immoral books, prints, writings, drawings, photos, movies or symbols for the purpose of exploitation, distribution or display shall be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year and/or a fine not exceeding five thousand Qatari Riyals (QR 5.000).
 [19]
RomaniaLegalLegalLegal
RussiaRestrictedLegalSome sites blockedUncertain
RwandaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
São Tomé and PríncipeUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
Saudi ArabiaIllegalIllegalBlocked[20]
SenegalUncertainUncertainLegalUncertain
Sierra LeoneIllegalUncertainLegalUncertain
Singapore Illegal Uncertain Some sites blocked
Article 292. (Sale of obscene books, etc.)
  1. Whoever sells, lets to hire, distributes, transmits by electronic means, publicly exhibits or in any manner puts into circulation, or for purposes of sale, hire, distribution, transmission, public exhibition or circulation, makes, produces, or has in his possession any obscene book, pamphlet, paper, drawing, painting, representation or figure, or any other obscene object whatsoever shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to 3 months, or with fine, or with both.
 [21]
SlovakiaLegalLegalLegal
SloveniaLegalLegalLegal
Solomon Islands Illegal Illegal Uncertain
Article 173. (Traffic in obscene publication)
  1. Any person who:
    (a) for the purpose of or by way of trade or for the purpose of distribution or public exhibition, makes, produces or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures, posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph -films or any other objects or any other object tending to corrupt morals [...]
    : is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable, to imprisonment for two years or to a fine of two hundred dollars.
SomaliaIllegalUncertainLegalUncertain
Somaliland Illegal Illegal Uncertain
Article 403. (Obscene Publications and Persofrmances)
  1. Whoever for purposes of sales and distribution, or public exhibition, manufactures, introduces into territory of the State, purchases, holds, exports or puts into circulation any obscene paper, drawing, representation or any other obscene object of any nature should be punished with imprisonment from three months to three years and with fine of not less than Sh. So. 1000.
South AfricaRestrictedLegalLegal
South Korea Illegal Legal Blocked
Article 243 (Distribution, etc. of Obscene Pictures)
  1. Any person who distributes, sells, lends, openly displays or shows any obscene documents, drawing, pictures, films or other things, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding five million won.
Article 244 (Manufacture, etc. of Obscene Pictures)
  1. A person who, for the purpose of accomplishing the acts as prescribed in Article 243, manufactures, possesses, imports or exports obscene goods, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than one year or by a fine not exceeding five million won.
Article 44-7 (Prohibition on Circulation of Unlawful Information)
  1. No one may circulate any of the following information through an information and communications network: 1. Information with obscene content distributed, sold, rented, or displayed openly in the form of code, words, sound, images, or motion picture;
 [22][23]
South OssetiaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
South Sudan Illegal Legal Uncertain
Article 260. (Sale of Obscene Books etc.)
  1. Whoever, sells, distributes, imports or prints, or makes for sale or hire or willfully exhibits to public view any obscene writing, book, newspaper, film, gramophone record or similar article, drawing, painting, representation or figure or attempts or offers so to do or has in his or her possession any such obscene book or other thing for the purpose of sale, distribution or public exhibition, commits an offence, and upon conviction, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or with a fine or with both.
SpainLegalLegalLegal
Sri Lanka Illegal Restricted Blocked
Article 285. (Sale, &c. of obscene books .&c.)
  1. Whoever sells or distributes, imports, or prints for sale or hire, or wilfully exhibits to public view, any obscene book, pamphlet, paper, drawing, painting, photograph, representation, or figure, or attempts or offers so to do, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine, or with both.
Article 286. (Having in possession obscene books, &c for sale or public exhibition. )
  1. Whoever has in his possession any such obscene book or other thing as is mentioned in the last preceding section for the purpose of sale, distribution, or public exhibition, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three months. Or with fine, or with both.
SwedenLegalLegalLegal
SwitzerlandLegalLegalLegal
Sudan Illegal Uncertain Blocked
Article 235. (Sale etc. of Obscene Books etc)
  1. Whoever sells or distributes, imports or prints, or makes for sale or hire or willfully exhibits to public view any obscene writing, book, newspaper, film, gramophone record or similar article, drawing, painting, representation or figure or attempts or offers so to do or has in his possession any such obscene book or other thing for the purpose of sale, distribution or public exhibition, commits an offence and shall on conviction, be punished with imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years or with fine or with both.
 [24]
SyriaIllegalUncertainBlockedUncertain[25]
TaiwanLegalLegalLegalUncertain
Tanzania Illegal Uncertain Uncertain
Article 175.
  1. Any person who:
    (a) for the purpose of or by way of trade or for the purpose of distribution or public exhibition, makes, produces or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures» posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph -films or any other objects or any other object tending to corrupt morals [...]
    : is guilty of a misdemeanour, and is liable, to imprisonment for two years or to a fine of two thousand shillings.
Thailand Illegal Illegal Blocked
Section 287.
  1. Whoever for the purpose of trade or by trade, for public distribution or exhibition, makes, produces, possesses, brings or causes to be brought into the Kingdom, sends or causes to be sent out of the Kingdom, takes away or causes to be taken away, or circulates by any means whatever, any document, drawing, print, painting, printed matter, picture, poster, symbol, photograph, cinematograph film, noise tape, picture tape or any other thing which is obscene [...] shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding three years or fined not exceeding six thousand Baht, or both.
 [26]
TogoUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
TransnistriaUncertainUncertainUncertain
TunisiaIllegalUncertainLegalUncertain
TurkeyRestrictedRestrictedSome sites blocked[27]
TurkmenistanUncertainUncertainBlockedUncertain
UgandaIllegalIllegalSome sites blockedUncertain[28]
Ukraine Illegal Legal Legal
Article 301. (Importation, making, sale or distribution of pornographic items)
  1. Importation into Ukraine for sale or distribution purposes, or making, transportation or other movement for the same purposes, or sale or distribution of pornographic images or other items, and also compelling others to participate in their making, shall be punishable by a fine of 50 to 100 tax-free minimum incomes, or arrest for a term up to six months, or restraint of liberty for a term up to three years, with the forfeiture of pornographic images or other items and means of their making and distribution.
United Arab EmiratesIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain
United KingdomRestrictedLegalRestrictedUncertain
United StatesLegalLegalLegal
UzbekistanIllegalUncertainUncertain
UruguayLegalLegalLegal
Vatican CityIllegalUncertainUncertainUncertain
VenezuelaLegalLegalSome sites blockedUncertain
VietnamIllegalMay be punishedBlocked
Article 326. (Distribution pornographic materials)
  1. Any person who makes, duplicates, publishes, transports, deals in, or stores books, magazines, pictures, films, music, or other items that contain pornographic contents for the purpose of distributing them or distributes pornographic materials in any of the following cases shall be a fine of from VND 10,000,000 to VND 100,000,000 or face a penalty of up to 03 years' community sentence or 06 - 36 months' imprisonment
Western SaharaUncertainUncertainUncertainUncertain
YemenIllegalIllegalBlockedUncertain[29]
Zambia Illegal Illegal Legal
Article 177. (Obscene matters or things)
  1. Any person who makes, produces or has in his possession any one or more obscene writings, drawings, prints, paintings, printed matter, pictures, posters, emblems, photographs, cinematograph films or any other object tending to corrupt morals is guilty of a misdemeanour and is liable to imprisonment for five years or to a fine of not less than fifteen thousand penalty units nor more than seventy-five thousand penalty units.
 [30]
ZimbabweUncertainUncertainLegalUncertain

Africa

Botswana

The possession of "Indecent and obscene material such as pornographic books, magazines, films, videos, DVDs and software" is prohibited in Botswana. Possession or import of such material is illegal and punishable by a fine or up to 4 years' imprisonment.[31]

Egypt

In Egypt, it is illegal to distribute pornography.[32] The possession and import of pornography are offences.[33] Unlike numerous African nations which have no laws against child pornography, Egypt blocks child pornography websites and dealing in child pornography carries a minimum sentence of five years and fines of US$29,000.[34] In 2009 Egypt's Administrative Court ruled that internet pornography should be banned, describing it as "venomous and vile". In 2012 the country's Prosecutor General ordered government ministries to block the websites,[6] However, the cost of blocking large numbers of pornographic websites has prevented the full implementation of the court's ruling.[6]

Ethiopia

Distributing or selling pornographic materials is illegal in Ethiopia, and their production in the country is rare. There are no official laws regarding Internet pornography in Ethiopia making the Internet the only available source of pornography.[35]

Morocco

In 2004, Morocco introduced severe punishment for promoting pornography.[36] Producing pornography of any kind is illegal in Morocco. However, pornographic websites are widely accessible in Morocco.

Nigeria

Nigeria has no national laws prohibiting pornography, although the public display of graphic sexual material is illegal in Lagos. The country has a small indigenous pornography industry which produces exclusively heterosexual pornography as homosexual activity in Nigeria is illegal. Some Muslim politicians in the national government have proposed a nationwide block on pornographic websites.[37] There is significant piracy of pornography in Nigeria, with pirated pornographic DVDs being sold from roadside stalls in Lagos.[38] Pornography is also sold in Nigerian sex shops and some pornographic magazines are produced in the country, often reproducing pictures from foreign magazines. The first officially acknowledged hardcore pornographic film produced in Nigeria was Better Lover Valentine Sex Party. It was not submitted to the National Film and Video Censors Board for classification and it was immediately banned on the grounds of obscenity and immorality.[39] Internet pornography is widely viewed in Nigeria. In 2015 the monthly average for the number of searches for pornography was 135,000, and in December 2014 and 2015 the proportion of searches for pornography (relative to other searches) was higher in Nigeria than in the United States. In 2013 Nigeria ranked second globally for Internet searches for gay pornography.[40]

Somalia

There are no laws regarding pornography in Somalia, although displaying it in public is considered a crime. There are no adult stores. However all pornographic websites are freely available.[41]

South Africa

Pornography rated X18 is permitted by the law only if sold to persons over the age of 18 in registered stores. It is an offense to host a pornographic web site in South Africa because of the difficulty of age-verification and the requirement that pornography only be distributed from designated, licensed physical premises. It is also unlawful to visually represent bestiality (also rated XX), but not in text descriptions. Supplying violent pornography is an offence in any form, but the law allows the production of pornography that is not prohibited.

Distribution of pornography is regulated by the Films and Publications Act of 1996,[42] which is enforced by the Films and Publications Board.[43]

Sudan

Pornography is prohibited in Sudan and the laws are strict. Pornographic websites are blocked by the government, pornography is largely inaccessible, and porn possession, production, distribution and sale can lead to fines, prison or corporal punishment.

Uganda

Pornographic DVDs have in the past been sold on the streets in Uganda.[44] However, an Anti-Pornography Act (popularly known as the "Anti-Miniskirt Law") was signed into law in 2014 with the stated objectives of defining what constitutes the offence of pornography and establishing a Pornography Control Committee.[45] The Committee is responsible for the implementation of the law and for taking measures to detect, prohibit, collect and destroy pornographic materials.[46] The law broadly defines pornography as "any representation of the sexual parts of a person for primarily sexual excitement".[44] The law says that "a person shall not produce, traffic in, publish, broadcast, procure, import, export, sell or abet any form of pornography". Breaches of the law are punishable with up to ten years in jail.[47] Prior to the passing of the act there were a number of laws concerning aspects of pornography in Uganda, but this was the first law to create a specific offence of pornography.[48] The law repeals and replaces Section 166 of the Penal Code Act, widening the legal interpretation of pornography and prohibiting it comprehensively.[49] The law has been subject to challenge in the Constitutional Court on the basis of its vague wording and the broad powers of the committee.[50]

In July 2018, the Ugandan government directed the country's ISPs to block 27 pornographic websites.[28]

Americas
Main article: Pornography in the Americas

Bahamas

The Bahamian penal code prohibits the production and distribution of obscene publications.[51] Many types of pornography are prohibited in the Bahamas; however, law enforcement is relaxed and does not usually enforce the prohibition.[52] Pornography is available on Bahamian cable television[53] and in 2014 ZNS-TV broadcast a report on the establishment of a local pornography industry in the Bahamas.[54]

Brazil

In Brazil, pornographic film actors must be 18 or older. Pornography which does not involve bestiality is legal when sold in public places. Depiction of sex with animals is legal.[55] However, magazine and DVD covers that depict genitalia must not be visible to public view, and pornography can only be sold to people 18 or older.

Canada
Main article: Pornography in Canada

The laws of Canada permit the sale of hardcore pornography to anyone over the age of eighteen. While persons below that age may have pornography in their possession, its sale to them is prohibited.

Most hardcore pornography is sold in adult stores or on adult websites.

Cuba

Pornography was illegal in Cuba during Fidel Castro's leadership of the country, but the laws were relaxed in the 2010s.[56] However, many pornographic websites are still blocked in Cuba.

Guyana

In Guyana, it is illegal to sell or possess pornography. Distribution, possession, sale, and importation of pornographic magazines, DVDs, books, photographs, etc. or simply browsing for pornographic websites on the Internet can lead to a variety of punishments ranging from community service, a fine of up to 45,000 Guyana dollars, up to 2 years in prison, or corporal punishment.

Jamaica

Pornography is legal in Jamaica for adults over 18, but age verifications for buying porn or any sex-related products are relatively lax. The Jamaican government is planning to block Internet child pornography.

Mexico

From early on in the 20th century Mexico was known for producing a lot of films with full female nudity and softcore pornographic scenes.

United States
Main article: Pornography in the United States

In the United States, pornography is not unlawful at the federal level, but is subject to the Miller test, which was developed in the 1973 case Miller v. California.[57] The Miller test was an effort to differentiate between pornography and 'obscenity.' It has three parts:

The work is considered obscene only if all three conditions are satisfied. Local areas are permitted to develop their own laws on the issue, as long as they do not conflict with federal law.

Asia
Main article: Pornography in Asia

Bangladesh
Main article: Pornography in Bangladesh

By passing the "Pornography Control Act, 2012", the government of Bangladesh prohibited the carrying, exchanging, using, selling, marketing, distributing, preserving, filming etc. of pornography (sexually explicit materials, unless it has artistic and/or educational value). Penalties include a maximum of 10 years in prison and fines up to Tk.500,000/(US$6,410).

China
Main article: Pornography in China

Mainland

It is illegal to sell or distribute pornography in mainland China, but it is not illegal to own or to watch it. Google, Yahoo, YouTube and other websites do not allow users in China to perform searches related to sex. Pornographic material in mainland China comes from Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, or Japan.

Hong Kong

Pornographic films in Hong Kong are referred to as Category III films, after the territory's motion picture rating system. Category III films would generally be considered softcore by American and Japanese standards, often featuring more elaborate and comical plots than foreign equivalents. In the early 21st century many of the roles involving sex scenes are actually performed by Japanese actresses, with any dialogue dubbed into Cantonese, rather than by local actresses.

Hardcore pornographic videos and films, in both physical and digital forms, can be legally sold in the territory.

India
Main article: Pornography in India
  • The selling and distribution of pornographic material is illegal in India under section 292[59]
  • The distribution, sale, or circulation of obscene materials and the selling of pornographic content to any person under age 20 years are illegal under section 293 and IT Act-67B.[60]
  • Child pornography is illegal and strictly prohibited across the country under section 67B of the Information Technology Act, 2000[61]
  • The manufacturing, publishing and distribution of pornography is illegal in India under section 292, 293.[62]

In July 2015 the Supreme Court of India refused to allow the blocking of pornographic websites and said that watching pornography indoors in the privacy of one's own home was not a crime.[63] In August 2015 the Government of India issued an order to Indian ISPs to block at least 857 websites that it considered to be pornographic.[64] In 2015 the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) had asked internet service providers to take down 857 websites in a bid to control cyber crime, but after receiving criticism from the authorities it partially rescinded the ban. The ban from the government came after a lawyer filed a petition in the Supreme Court arguing that online pornography encourages sex crimes and rapes.[65]

In February 2016 the Supreme Court asked the Indian Government to suggest ways of banning all forms of child pornography.[66]

In October 2018 the government directed Internet service providers to block 827 websites that host pornographic content following an order by the Uttarakhand High Court. The court cited the rape of a 10th standard girl from Dehradun by four of her seniors. The four accused told police that they raped the girl after watching pornography on the Internet.[67]

Japan
Main article: Pornography in Japan

Pornography is legal in Japan; however, there are restrictions. Genitalia must be pixelated or censored and all participants must be 18 years of age or older.

Lebanon

Pornography in Lebanon is illegal and is subject to several legal provisions, but it's considered legal to access pornographic websites for personal use only.

Nepal

Nepali law identifies pornography as illegal. The sharing, distribution and broadcasting of pornographic content through any medium is prohibited.[15] In 2010 it was reported that the Home Ministry had banned access to a list of websites including explicitly adult websites.[68] In September 2018, concerns about violence against women led the Government of Nepal to announce its intention to ban online pornography.[69] From 24 September, the Nepal Telecommunications Authority (NTA) began to put a block on all websites providing pornographic content on the orders of the Nepal Government Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (MOCIT). By 12 October more than 21,000 pornographic websites had been blocked.[15]

North Korea
Main article: Pornography in North Korea

Both domestic and imported works of pornography have been available in North Korea since recent decades.[70] Producing, distributing, importing and watching pornography is prohibited.[71]

Possession of pornography became widespread among elites during the late 1990s. Political and army elites are the most active consumers of pornography. Locally produced pornography initially appeared during the reign of Kim Jong-il. A typical North Korean-made pornographic film involves nude or scantily clad women dancing with music.[72]

Importing pornography to North Korea is harshly punished. Pornography is sold openly on the China–North Korea border regardless of regulations.[73] Despite attempts to curtail circulation of imported pornography, most of the pornography watched in North Korea is currently made abroad.[72] A significant part of pornographic media in circulation consists of Chinese bootleg recordings of poor quality.[70]

There is no access to foreign pornographic websites from within North Korea.[74]

North Korea has ratified the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography of the Convention on the Rights of the Child.[75] However, there are currently no specific laws to combat child pornography.[76]

South Korea
Further information: Internet censorship in South Korea

Pornography is banned by the government in South Korea, with laws strictly enforced. The distribution, sale or display of obscene materials via the Internet can be punished with up to two years' imprisonment, although there is no penalty for watching or possessing Internet pornography. The exception is child pornography, the possession of which carries a maximum one-year prison sentence, and the maximum sentence for distributing, selling or displaying it for commercial purposes is ten years. Many foreign pornographic websites are blocked, and those found to be operating from within the country are shut down.[77] The Korea Internet Safety Commission is responsible for instructing Internet service providers to block access to "pornography and nudity".[78] Google Search in South Korea filters search results for around 700 terms considered by the government to be adult in nature unless the user demonstrates that they are aged over 19.[79]

Pakistan
See also: Pornography in Pakistan

Pornography in Pakistan is illegal and is subject to several legal provisions. The Government has put a 100% ban on internet websites containing such material since November 2011. The list of banned pornographic websites is updated on an ongoing basis. In 2019, Pakistan's Human Rights Minister, Shirin Mazari has claimed that Pakistan was ranked as the country with the largest numbers of child pornography viewers, however this has yet to be verified.[80][81] Despite this, child pornography is illegal and strictly forbidden in Pakistan and there are severe punishments for possessing or viewing child pornography which includes a minimum of 14 years to 20 years in prison and a fine of 1 million Rupees.[82][83][84][85] Pakistan also has cyber unit to curb child pornography within the country. The unit has a team of 40 members and one director-level official, who will be independent to investigate the matter and the unit is integrated with the National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) and Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA).[86][87]

Philippines

The Philippine penal code prohibits the production and distribution of obscene publications. Despite this, enforcement is lax. Some local productions of pornography are known to exist in the country.

As of January 14, 2017, several pornography sites, mostly mainstream ones such as Pornhub and XVideos, have been blocked in the Philippines as part of a government crackdown on child pornography. The Philippine government cites Republic Act 9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Law as legal justification for the blocks. The list of sites blocked vary depending on the internet service provider enforcing them.

Saudi Arabia

Items considered pornographic by Saudi Arabian standards are forbidden in the country. Customs authorities enforce strict regulations concerning the importation of pornographic items into Saudi Arabia. Such items may be confiscated on arrival and the owner may be subject to a fine.[88] Accessing pornographic websites can lead to imprisonment, fine, deportation or any other severe punishment by the government.

Syria

Pornography in Syria is illegal and is subject to several legal provisions. The Syrian government began blocking pornography sites in late 2017.

Turkmenistan
Main article: Pornography in Turkmenistan

Even though the legal status of pornography in Turkmenistan is unknown, a law, passed on 1 January 2015, banning access to internet pornography[89] suggests that pornography may be illegal in Turkmenistan.

Vietnam

Production, distribution, broadcasting, transport, import and advertisement of pornography, is strictly illegal in Vietnam. According to legislatures, pornography harms Vietnamese standard values.[90]

Europe
Main article: Pornography in Europe

Belarus

Production, dissemination and assembly of pornography is banned, with laws strictly enforced. Breaking the law is punishable with up to four years in prison.[91]

France

In France, pornography is overall permitted, but with distinctions:

  • Hardcore pornography must not be sold to minors under the age of 18.
  • Softcore porn is allowed for people 16 and over.
  • Extremely violent or graphic pornography is considered X-rated, and so may be shown only in specific theaters, and may not be displayed to minors.
  • Some pornography has a special VAT (value-added tax): a 33% tax is levied on X-rated movies, and a 50% excise is placed on pornographic online services.

The ratings system has caused controversy; e.g., in 2000 the sexually explicit and violent film Baise-moi was initially rated only as "restricted" by the French government. This classification was overturned by a Conseil d'État ruling in a lawsuit brought by associations supporting Christian and family values.

Some movies are forbidden to minors under 18, without the X rating, like Baise-moi, Ken Park or Saw 3, so that these movies can be viewed in theaters and not attract VAT.

Germany

The constitution and law are very strict about hardcore pornography, especially when compared to very liberal laws about softcore pornography, prostitution and sex shops. Supplying hardcore pornography to people who are less than 18 years old is an offence, and shops selling it must keep people under the age of 18 from entering their premises. If only a part of the shop is dedicated to pornography, it must be completely closed off from the rest of the premises. Alternatively, shops may choose not to display their goods or advertise that they sell them, in which case minors may be admitted. Websites hosting pornographic material within Germany must comply with very strict rules about verifying that viewers are over 18.[92]

Soft porn is less restricted, and may even be broadcast on TV at night. The age threshold is usually FSK-16. In contrast many uncut action films or video games easily reach the FSK-18 rating.

Hungary
Main article: Pornography in Hungary

In Hungary, pornography is unlawful if sold or shown to children under 18 years of age. Displaying genitals openly, as on the cover of a magazine, is not prohibited.

Iceland

The production or sale of pornography is prohibited in Iceland. Heavy fines were applied in 2001 and ten years earlier a fine was applied to the first manager of the first private TV station (and the only case to present) in Iceland for showing the Danish "mainstream" Zodiac-films, I Tvillingernes tegn and I Tyrens tegn.[93] In early 2013 there was a draft proposal by Ögmundur Jónasson, the Minister of the Interior, to extend the ban to online pornography to protect children from violent sexual imagery.[94] The plan has been stalled since the change in government during the parliamentary election on 27 April 2013. Since then, there have been no changes to the relevant legislation, and no changes have been formally proposed.[95][96]

Italy
Main article: Pornography in Italy

In Italy, it is illegal to distribute pictorial or video pornography to persons under the age of 18. However, persons over 18 years of age are permitted to view pornographic material.

Russia

According to Russian law, consumption of pornography is allowed though the production of it is not. The illegal production, distribution, and "public demonstration" of pornography is punishable by a 2- to 6-year prison term. Roskomnadzor, the Russian government's media overseer, has the power to order the blocking of pornographic websites. In 2015 the agency required the blocking of the Russian-language version of Pornhub and 10 other pornographic sites on the basis of a court ruling.[97]

There is nevertheless some uncertainty concerning the legal status of pornography in Russia. The law criminalizes only the 'illegal' production and selling of pornography (which implies that it sometimes can be legal), but two circumstances make enforcement of the law difficult: (1) the lack of a legal definition of pornography, and (2) no law defining when production or selling is permitted.

Ukraine

Pornographic production, distribution, broadcasting (both audio and video), transportation, import and advertisement is forbidden by law in Ukraine.[98]

United Kingdom
Main article: Pornography in the United Kingdom

In England and Wales, the main legislation on pornographic materials is the Obscene Publications Act 1959, the Obscene Publications Act 1964, and the Indecent Displays (Control) Act 1981. Video-oriented depictions of hardcore material (with certain exceptions for works considered primarily 'artistic' rather than pornographic) were banned until 1999, when the removal of trade barriers with other European Union member states allowed for the relatively free movement of such goods for personal use. R18-rated videos are only available in licensed sex shops, but hardcore pornographic magazines are available in shops selling newspapers and magazines. In 2008, the Crown Prosecution Service unsuccessfully prosecuted a man under the Obscene Publications Act (the R v Walker trial) for a textual story on a pornography website involving Girls Aloud.[99] Also that year, the Home Office introduced legislation to criminalize possession of what it has labelled extreme pornography; these laws are now contained in sections 63 to 68 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008.[100]

Oceania

Australia
See also: Censorship in Australia, Legal status of Internet pornography § Australia, and Child pornography laws in Australia

In Australia, it is legal to possess pornographic material, except child pornography. However, it is illegal to sell, exhibit or rent X-rated pornographic material in all states (Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, and Queensland) but it is legal to do so in the two territories (the Northern Territory and the Australian Capital Territory). As the Australian constitution prohibits states from regulating interstate commerce, it is permitted to purchase pornography in either territory and then bring it interstate. As a result, the majority of Australian mail-order operations for adult material operate from the ACT.[101] Despite the offenses under state laws, stores selling X-rated material are abundant in major cities, advertising openly, as these laws are rarely enforced.

Ratings for the X18+ category were tightened in 2000 to ban material featuring some fetishes or which appeared to include minors. In 2007, the Northern Territory National Emergency Response introduced by the Howard Government made the possession of RC and X18+ pornography an offence in some Aboriginal communities.[102]

New Zealand

In New Zealand, pornography is generally treated in a liberal manner and very little is banned by the Office of Film and Literature Classification. However, the most extreme forms of pornography (such as child pornography, rape, incest and bestiality) are classified as objectionable material by the Office of Film and Literature Classification, effectively banning them.[103] Indecency laws are still criminalised under the Crimes Act 1961. Pornographic DVDs and Magazines that are arriving in New Zealand will need to be examined by either New Zealand Customs, Department of Internal Affairs, New Zealand Police or the Office of Film and Literature Classification before being given an R18 classification. Internet pornography is regulated also but only if they are based locally in New Zealand, where they will need consent from Department of Internal Affairs. Any material that has objectionable content (which is illegal in New Zealand) could be facing either 10 years jail and a $50,000 fine for possession of objectionable content or 14 years jail for distribution of objectionable content. Some sex acts are also illegal under the Prostitution Reform Act 2003.

Papua New Guinea

In Papua New Guinea, the possession, import, export, and sale of pornography are all offenses. Control is strict. According to the government, all websites containing pornography, nudity or depictions of sex are blocked and the government has been blocking such sites since early 2009. Under the law, persons who possess, own, import, export, sell or exhibit pornography to the public are subject to arrest and trial and can face up to 6 months' imprisonment and/or a fine up to 50,000 to 100,000 Papua New Guinean kina.[104] In PNG, pornography is subject to legal restraints to publication on grounds of obscenity. Laws relating to pornography in Papua New Guinea are vague. The main legislation used in dealing with cases relating to pornographic nature refer back to the Chapter 262 Criminal Code of Papua New Guinea, Lukautim Pikinini Act 2009, Classification of Publication Censorship Act 1989 and the National ICT Act, 2009. Improper Use of ICT Services.[104]

gollark: I do at least run into several an hour just sitting there.
gollark: Well, not really.
gollark: They're really common though.
gollark: I am in theory interested in such a thing, but could not in any way afford any 2G prize whatsoever.
gollark: Must have been a lot of rares which I missed out on... yay...

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