Socialism and Liberty Party

The Socialism and Liberty Party (Portuguese: Partido Socialismo e Liberdade IPA: [paʁˈtʃidu sosjɐˈlizmw i libeʁˈdadʒi], PSOL IPA: [peˈsɔw]) is a Brazilian political party with 147,096 active members. PSOL is a left-wing to far-left party which is self-described as socialist and democratic.

Socialism and Liberty Party Partido Socialismo e Liberdade
Abbreviation	PSOL
President	Juliano Medeiros
Founded	6 June 2004
Split from	Workers' Party
Headquarters	SDS, Edificio Venâncio V, Loja 28, Brasília
Membership (2018)	147,096[1]
Ideology	Democratic socialism Anti-capitalism Eco-socialism Feminism Socialism of the 21st century
Political position	Left-wing[2] to far-left[3]
International affiliation	Different groups in PSOL have different international affiliations.
Colours	Red, Yellow
TSE Identification Number	50
Chamber of Deputies	10 / 513
Federal Senate	0 / 81
Governorships	0 / 27
State Assemblies	18 / 1,049
Mayors	2 / 5,570
City Councillors	53 / 56,810
Website
psol50.org.br
Politics of Brazil Political parties Elections

The party leader is Luiz Araújo and the federal deputies Ivan Valente, Chico Alencar, Jean Wyllys, Edmilson Rodrigues, Glauber Braga and Luiza Erundina, with a number of well-known Brazilian left-wing leaders and intellectuals, such as Guilherme Boulos, Milton Temer, Michael Löwy, Luciana Genro, Vladimir Safatle, Marcelo Freixo, Renato Roseno, Carlos Nelson Coutinho, Ricardo Antunes, Francisco de Oliveira, João Machado, Pedro Ruas and others.

PSOL was formed after Heloísa Helena, Luciana Genro, Babá and João Fontes (also a federal deputy, now a member of the Democratic Labour Party, PDT) were expelled from the Workers' Party after voting against the pension reform proposed by Lula. They opposed the liberal decisions of Lula's government and the Workers' Party alliances with polemic right-wing politicians, such as the former presidents José Sarney and Fernando Collor.

After collecting more than 438,000 signatures, PSOL became Brazil's 29th officially recognized political party, the first to do so by this method.

Ideology and support

The ideology of the party varies between the left and the extreme left. The programmatic elements found in the party are related to socialism, anti-capitalism, and anti-imperialism. There are Marxist, Trotskyist, eco-socialist, and syndicalist tendencies within the party. Among other things, the party program includes the reduction of working hours, agrarian and urban reform, increased spending on health, education and infrastructure, and a break with the International Monetary Fund.[4] It also seeks to decriminalize abortion.[5] Because it is a party formed by trends that possess the political spectrum of the left in common, they represent distinct divisions in question of origin, geographical location and composition of its leaderships. The formation of tendencies provided for in the party statute can be freely organized without direct interference from the party leadership, allowing autonomy of intra-party groups, provided they follow the political prerogatives of the party's statute and program.[4]

Despite being a left-wing party, PSOL is not commonly associated with a labor or low-income electorate. Instead, PSOL is more associated with the upper middle class electorate with strong secular or socially progressive beliefs in the Brazilian metropolitan zones, especially the cultural and intellectual elite of Rio de Janeiro. PSOL is a party often associated with academics of social sciences in public universities, teachers, artistic class, social movements, people who support controversial policies in the Brazilian society like legalization of abortion, legalization of marijuana, human rights activism and public sector labor unions. PSOL shows strong difficulties to penetrate in sectors of electorate which are poorer or less affluent; in the last election to Mayor of Rio de Janeiro, PSOL had lost to conservative pentecostal bishop Marcelo Crivella in a runoff with more than 40-point margin in some poor suburbs which are far away from Rio's downtown. Between evangelicals, the margin of defeat was about 80%; Although PSOL tried to make some moves to attract evangelical votes, a strong antagonism between the party and evangelical electorate, many of them poor with strong social conservative and/or economic liberal beliefs exists. Although PSOL does not officially reject any religion, many evangelicals see PSOL as a hostile party which does not represent their values and massively rejects the party.

Internal tendencies

Abbreviation	Name in Portuguese	Name in English	Ideology	International affiliation
APS-NE	Ação Popular Socialista - Nova Era	Socialist People's Action - New Era	Democratic socialism
C1M	Coletivo Primeiro de Maio	First of May Collective	Democratic socialism, Left-wing populism
CRZ	Coletivo Rosa Zumbi	Rosa Zumbi Collective	Social democracy
	Comuna	Commune	Mandelism	Fourth International (reunited)
CST	Corrente Socialista dos Trabalhadores	Socialist Workers' Current	Morenism	International Workers' Unity – Fourth International
EM	Esquerda Marxista	Marxist Left	Grantism	International Marxist Tendency
	Fortalecer o PSOL	Strengthen PSOL	Marxism–Leninism, Left-wing populism
	Insurgência	Insurgency	Mandelism, Socialism of the 21st century	Fourth International (reunited)
LSR	Liberdade, Socialismo e Revolução	Freedom, Socialism and Revolution	Trotskyism	International Socialist Alternative
MES	Movimento Esquerda Socialista	Socialist Left Movement	Left-wing populism, Morenism	Corriente Movimiento
PS	Primavera Socialista	Socialist Spring	Democratic socialism
	Resistência	Resistance	Trotskyism
	Subverta	Subvert	Mandelism, Eco-socialism, Socialism of the 21st Century	Fourth International (reunited)

PSOL also allows certain unregistered political parties to launch candidates through its TSE registry number. These organizations, however, cannot participate in the party's congresses.

Abbreviation	Name in Portuguese	Name in English	Ideology
BP	Brigadas Populares	People's Brigades	Marxism–Leninism, Left-wing nationalism, Socialism of the 21st Century, Bolivarianism
MRT	Movimento Revolucionário de Trabalhadores	Workers' Revolutionary Movement	Trotskyism
PCR	Partido Comunista Revolucionário	Revolutionary Communist Party	Marxism–Leninism, Hoxhaism
PCLCP	Polo Comunista Luiz Carlos Prestes	Luiz Carlos Prestes Communist Pole	Marxism–Leninism, Left-wing nationalism
RAiZ	Raiz - Movimento Cidadanista	Roots - Citizens' Movement	Eco-socialism, Teko Porã, Ubuntu
RC	Refundação Comunista	Communist Refoundation	Revolutionary socialism

Members of the National Congress

Following the 2018 general election, PSOL currently has ten federal deputies in the National Congress of Brazil. Although having a small presence in parliament, PSOL is the 5th most popular party in Brazil,[6] and it is recognized as different from the bigger PSDB and PT parties and the cronyist and catch-all parties without an ideology.

It is the only party present in the Congress which did not receive money from large corporations and the only party that called for the removal of the former President of the Chamber of Deputies Eduardo Cunha, currently in jail.

Federal Deputies

Name	State	Internal tendency
Áurea Carolina	Minas Gerais	Independent
David Miranda	Rio de Janeiro	Socialist Left Movement
Edmilson Rodrigues	Pará	Socialist Spring
Fernanda Melchionna	Rio Grande do Sul	Socialist Left Movement
Glauber Braga	Rio de Janeiro	Independent
Ivan Valente	São Paulo	Socialist Spring
Luiza Erundina	São Paulo	Raiz - Citizens' Movement
Marcelo Freixo	Rio de Janeiro	Independent
Sâmia Bomfim	São Paulo	Socialist Left Movement
Talíria Petrone	Rio de Janeiro	Subvert

Notes: The military union leader, Corporal Daciolo (RJ), was expelled from the party in 2015.

State Deputies

Name	State	Internal tendency
Daniella Monteiro	Rio de Janeiro	Insurgency
Eliomar Coelho	Rio de Janeiro	Independent
Flavio Serafini	Rio de Janeiro	Subvert
Mônica Francisco	Rio de Janeiro	Independent
Renata Souza	Rio de Janeiro	Independent
Carlos Giannazi	São Paulo	Independent
Erica Malunguinho	São Paulo	Independent
Mônica Seixas	São Paulo	Independent
Isa Penna	São Paulo	Insurgency
Paulo Lemos	Amapá	Independent
Hilton Coelho	Bahia	Popular Socialist Action - New Era
Renato Roseno	Ceará	Insurgency
Fábio Felix	Federal District	Independent
Andréia de Jesus	Minas Gerais	Popular Brigades
Marinor Brito	Pará	Socialist Spring
Robeyoncé Lima	Pernambuco	Independent
Sandro Pimentel	Rio Grande do Norte	Socialist Left Movement
Luciana Genro	Rio Grande do Sul	Socialist Left Movement

Mayors

Name	Municipality	Internal tendency
Gelsimar Gonzaga	Itaocara	Independent
Oton Costa	Jaçana	Socialist Left Movement

Clécio Luís, Mayor of Macapá, left the party to join Sustainability Network.

Elections

2006

PSOL launched Heloísa Helena to run for president in 2006 elections. The vice-presidential candidate was intellectual César Benjamin. The party ran in a left-wing ticket along with two other parties: Trotskyist Unified Workers' Socialist Party (PSTU) and Marxist–Leninist Brazilian Communist Party (PCB).

The alliance was extended to gubernatorial elections. In Minas Gerais, for instance, Vanessa Portugal, from the PSTU, ran for governor with PSOL's support, although not with PCB's. Prominent PSOL gubernatorial candidates were Plínio de Arruda Sampaio in São Paulo, Milton Temer in Rio de Janeiro and Roberto Robaina in Rio Grande do Sul. However, they were all defeated.

Heloísa Helena finished the presidential race in the third place, receiving 6.5 million votes throughout the country (6.85% of the valid votes). Three federal deputies, Luciana Genro, Chico Alencar and Ivan Valente, managed to get re-elected.

2010

In the 2010 candidate for presidential election Plínio de Arruda Sampaio received 888.000 votes (0.87%). Plinio presented an agrarian reform project in 1964 when he was federal deputy, but the 1964 Military Coup ended the project and Plinio lost his mandate. Although he received very few votes Plinio became famous after the elections because he was qualified as an anti-candidate.

PSOL elected three deputies again, Chico Alencar, Ivan Valente and Jean Wyllys.

Toninho do PSOL from Federal District got the best gubernatorial result. He finished in third place with 14.25%.

2012

In 2012 PSOL got its best results so far. Clecio Luis and Gelsimar Gonzaga were elected mayors in Macapá, Amapá's state capital, and Itaocara.

In the northern second largest city Belém and in Rio de Janeiro, PSOL finished second and elected four city councillors – the second largest group in those councils. In Belem Edmilson Rodrigues got 43.39% and in Rio de Janeiro Marcelo Freixo got 28.15%, almost 1 million votes.

In São Paulo, Fortaleza, Campinas, Belo Horizonte, Curitiba, Salvador, Natal, Florianópolis, Niterói, São Gonçalo and Pelotas PSOL also got respectable results. In the 2012 49 city councilors from PSOL were elected.

2014

The former federal deputy Luciana Genro, from Left Socialist Movement, was the candidate in the 2014 Presidential Elections. She got 1,612,186 votes finishing in 4th place. She received the support of important Brazilian intellectuals and popstars like Chico de Oliveira, Rogério Arantes, Vladimir Safatle, Michel Löwy, Gregorio Duvivier, Valesca Popozuda, Zélia Duncan, Karina Buhr, Clara Averbuck, Marina Lima, Juca Kfouri, Preta Gil, Laerte Coutinho, Marcelo Yuka and the international popstar Jessica Sutta. Her candidature was well regarded in the LGBT community.

PSOL elected 5 federal deputies and 12 state deputies. Marcelo Freixo (RJ) received the highest vote for a state deputy in Brazil with 350,408 votes. Carlos Giannazi was the leftist most voted in São Paulo with 164,929 votes.

Governors Tarcísio Motta (RJ) with 8.92% (14.62% in city of Rio Janeiro) and Robério Paulino (RN) with 8.74% (22.45% in capital Natal) got excellent results. Senate candidate Heloísa Helena (AL) got 31.86%, but she lost the election to former Brazilian president Fernando Collor de Mello, who was impeached.

Electoral results

Presidential

Election year	Candidate	1st round		2nd round
		# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall votes	% of overall vote
2006	Heloísa Helena	6,575,393	6.9 (#3)
2010	Plínio de Arruda Sampaio	886,816	0.9 (#4)
2014	Luciana Genro	1,612,186	1.6 (#4)
2018	Guilherme Boulos	617,122	0.6 (#10)

Congress

Chamber of Deputies

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/-	Government	Notes
2006	1,149,619	1.2	3 / 513		in opposition
2010	1,142,737	1.2	3 / 513	0	in opposition
2014	1,745,470	1.8	5 / 513	2	in opposition
2018	2,783,669	2.8	10 / 513	5	in opposition

Senate

Election year	# of overall votes	% of overall vote	# of overall seats won	+/-	Notes
2006	351,527	0.4	1 / 81	1	PSOL did not originally gain a seat at the 2006 election. However, after Senator Ana Júlia de Vasconcelos Carepa (PT) resigned, following her election as Governor of Pará State, José Nery de Azevedo (PSOL) took her seat in the Senate as a member of the class of 2006.
2010	3,041,854	1.8	2 / 81	1
2014	1,045,275	1.2	1 / 81	1
2018	5,273,853	3.1	0 / 81	1

References

1. "Estatísticas do eleitorado – Eleitores filiados".
2. Senra, Ricardo; Guimarães, Thiago (31 October 2016). "Como as eleições municipais desidrataram os partidos de esquerda". BBC Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
3. Gonçalves da Silva, Júlio César. "Partido dos professores: elite partidária e evolução política do Partido Socialismo e Liberdade (PSOL)". Electoral Justice of Brazil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 December 2017.
4. "PSOL - Relação da Origem no desenvolvimento de sua Organização, Participação Eleitoral e Atuação Parlamentar" (PDF).
5. http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/noticias/psol-vai-ao-stf-pela-descriminalizacao-suburbrto/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
6. https://psol50.org.br/site/noticias/2131/mesmo-sem-candidato-definido-a-presidencia-da-republica-psol-e-citado-em-pesquisa-espontanea

Preceded by 45 – BSDP (PSDB)	Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties 50 – SOLP (PSOL)	Succeeded by 51 – PATRI