Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)

The Chamber of Representatives (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. The chamber comprises 513 representatives, who are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms. The current President of the Chamber is the Representative Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ), who was reelected on February 1, 2019.

Chamber of Representatives

Câmara dos Deputados
56th Legislature of the National Congress
Type
Type
Term limits
None
History
FoundedMay 6, 1826 (1826-05-06)
New session started
February 1, 2020 (2020-02-01)
Leadership
Rodrigo Maia, DEM
since July 14, 2016
Government Leader
Majority Leader
Aguinaldo Ribeiro, PP
Opposition Leader
Minority Leader
José Guimarães, PT
Structure
Seats513
Political groups
Government (257)[1]

Independent (125)[1]

Opposition (131)[1]

  •      PT (53)
  •      PSB (31)
  •      PDT (28)
  •      PSOL (10)
  •      PCdoB (8)
  •      REDE (1)
Length of term
4 years
Elections
Open list proportional representation
Last election
October 7, 2018
Next election
October 2, 2022
Meeting place
Ulysses Guimarães plenary chamber
National Congress building
Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
Website
www.camara.gov.br
Brazil
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Legislatures

The legislatures are counted from the first meeting of the Chamber of Representatives and of the Senate, on 6 May 1826, in the imperial era (the Chamber of Representatives met for preparatory sessions from 29 April 1826 to elect its officers and conduct other preliminary business, but the Legislature was formally opened on 6 May). The Chamber of Representatives and the Senate were created by Brazil's first Constitution, the Constitution of the Empire of Brazil, adopted in 1824. The numbering of the legislatures is continuous and counts all bicameral legislatures elected since the adoption of the 1824 Constitution including the imperial General Assembly and the republican National Congress. The previous constituent and legislative assembly of the Empire of Brazil, a unicameral national assembly convened in 1823 and dissolved by Emperor Pedro I before the Constitution was adopted, is not counted. The inauguration of a new composition of Chamber of Representatives for a four-year term of office marks the start of a new Legislature.

In the imperial era the national legislature was named General Assembly. It was made up of the Chamber of Representatives and the Senate. Senators were elected for life and the Senate was a permanent institution, whereas the Chamber of Representatives, unless dissolved earlier, was elected every four years. When Brazil became a republic and a federal state, the model of a bicameral legislature was retained at the federal level, but the parliament was renamed National Congress. The National Congress is made up of the Chamber of Representatives and the Federal Senate. Both houses have fixed terms and cannot be dissolved earlier. Under Brazil's present Constitution, adopted in 1988, senators are elected to eight-year terms and representatives are elected every four years.

Each Brazilian state (and the Federal District) is represented in the Senate by three senators.

Elections to the Senate are held every four years, with either a third or two thirds of the seats up for election.

The number of representatives elected is proportional to the size of the population of the respective state (or of the Federal District) as of 1994. However, no delegation can be made up of less than eight or more than seventy seats. Thus the least populous state elects eight federal representatives and the most populous elects seventy. These restrictions favour the smaller states at the expense of the more populous states and so the size of the delegations is not exactly proportional to population.

Elections to the Chamber of Representatives are held every four years, with all seats up for election.

Empire of Brazil[2]

  • 1st Legislature (1826–1829)
  • 2nd Legislature (1830–1833)
  • 3rd Legislature (1834–1837)
  • 4th Legislature (1838–1841)
  • 5th Legislature (1842–1844)
  • 6th Legislature (1845–1847)
  • 7th Legislature (1848)
  • 8th Legislature (1849–1852)
  • 9th Legislature (1853–1856)
  • 10th Legislature (1857–1860)
  • 11th Legislature (1861–1863)
  • 12th Legislature (1864–1866)
  • 13th Legislature (1867–1868)
  • 14th Legislature (1869–1872)
  • 15th Legislature (1872–1875)
  • 16th Legislature (1876–1877)
  • 17th Legislature (1878–1881)
  • 18th Legislature (1882–1884)
  • 19th Legislature (1885)
  • 20th Legislature (1886–1889), dissolved by the 15 November 1889 military coup that proclaimed Brazil a Republic
  • 21st Legislature: had already been elected to succeed the 20th legislature, but was not installed due to the proclamation of the Republic. New elections were summoned by the provisional government of the Republic in 1890.

Old Republic[3]

  • 21st Legislature (1890–1891), discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1890–1891). The act that summoned the elections for the Constituent Congress and that empowered it to draft a Constitution already established that the Congress would be made up of two Houses, an elected Senate with equal representation for the Brazilian States, and a Chamber of Representatives, each State having a number of representatives proportional to the size of its population. During the drafting of the Constitution, the Congress was to meet in joint session. The Congress was required to adopt a Constitution that conformed to the republican form of government, and that preserved the recently declared Federal model of the State.
  • 22nd Legislature (1891–1893)
  • 23rd Legislature (1894–1896)
  • 24th Legislature (1897–1899)
  • 25th Legislature (1900–1902)
  • 26th Legislature (1903–1905)
  • 27th Legislature (1906–1908)
  • 28th Legislature (1909–1911)
  • 29th Legislature (1912–1914)
  • 30th Legislature (1915–1917)
  • 31st Legislature (1918–1920)
  • 32nd Legislature (1921–1923)
  • 33rd Legislature (1924–1926)
  • 34th Legislature (1927–1929)
  • 35th Legislature (1930): dissolved by the provisional government after the 1930 Revolution.

Vargas Era[4]

  • 36th Legislature (1933–1935), discharged the role of Constituent Assembly (1933–1934)
  • 37th Legislature (1935–1937), dissolved by the Estado Novo coup d'état.

Legislatures elected under the Republic of 46[5]

  • 38th Legislature (1946–1950), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1946).
  • 39th Legislature (1951–1954)
  • 40th Legislature (1955–1958)
  • 41st Legislature (1959–1962)
  • 42nd Legislature (1963–1967), already under the Military Regime instituted by the 1964 military coup, the legislature discharged the role of Constituent Congress (1966–1967), under a decree of the military government (AI-4, Fourth Institutional Act), that commissioned the drafting of a new Constitution. The Constitution was voted under duress.

Legislatures elected under the Military Regime

  • 43rd Legislature (1967–1970)
  • 44th Legislature (1971–1975)
  • 45th Legislature (1975–1979)
  • 46th Legislature (1979–1983)
  • 47th Legislature (1983–1987). The Chamber of Representatives was elected under the process of gradual return to democracy. During that legislature, the last military President handed over power to the first civilian Administration, still elected indirectly, by means of an Electoral College. The 1985 Electoral College, however, was placed under no duress, and elected the Opposition candidates for president and vice president. After the inauguration of the civilian Administration, the 47th Legislature passed a Constitutional Amendment,[6] empowering the next Legislature, that would convene in February 1987 after the 1986 legislative elections, to discharge the role of National Constituent Assembly, empowered to adopt a new Constitution to replace the one inherited from the Military Regime.

Legislatures elected after the restoration of civilian government ("New Republic")

  • 48th Legislature (1987–1991), discharged the role of National Constituent Assembly (1987–1988).
  • 49th Legislature (1991–1995)
  • 50th Legislature (1995–1999)
  • 51st Legislature (1999–2003)
  • 52nd Legislature (2003–2007)
  • 53rd Legislature (2007–2011)
  • 54th Legislature (2011–2015)
  • 55th Legislature (2015–2019)
  • 56th Legislature (2019–2023)

Federal representation

The number of seats per state is distributed according to the number of inhabitants per state, according to the official measurement taken by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics through a census held each 10 years. The Brazilian population is represented by one representative for each 362,013 inhabitants on average, but this proportionality is limited by having a minimum of eight members and a maximum of seventy members per state, these criteria being subject to an apportionment paradox.

Therefore, states with 3,258,117 inhabitants upwards have 9 to 70 representatives. Following this scenario for example the city of São Paulo with its 11,253,503 inhabitants[7] is represented by 31 representatives of the total members of the state and the rest of the state with its 28,670,588 inhabitants are represented by 39 MPs (Member of Parliament).[8]

There is a distorted representation of the Brazilian states in congress, having some groups of representatives representing on average more than the proportion of the population of the state, and others representing less. That proportionality means that Roraima is represented by a representative for every 51,000 inhabitants and, at the other extreme, São Paulo is represented by one representative for every 585,000 inhabitants. This difference is reflected in the representation of the states in the Brazilian Congress, where some states are over-represented, such as Roraima, with 681% of the population represented by their congressmen, and other states are under represented, such as the state of São Paulo, with 63% of the population represented by their congressmen. The proportionality is calculated through the division of the percentage of representatives of a state in the chamber by the percentage of the population of such state in the nation. The population of the state of São Paulo, for instance, elects only 70 representatives to the Chamber, because of the maximum limits of 70 congressmen by state, but it should have 40 more seats.[9]

Federal state Number of members % Of total members Population (on the census also called Censo 2010) % Of the population (Censo 2010) Representativeness (Inhabitants / Mr) Representatives of national average % Representative distortion % Of the population represented by MPs Representatives required ignoring the limits
São Paulo 70 13.6% 39,924,091 21.5% 570,344 110 -7.90% 63% 40
Minas Gerais 53 10.3% 19,159,260 10.3% 361,495 53 0.00% 100% 0
Rio de Janeiro 46 9% 15,180,636 8.2% 330,014 42 0.80% 110% -4
Bahia 39 7.6% 13,633,969 7.3% 349,589 38 0.30% 104% -1
Rio Grande do Sul 31 6% 10,576,758 5.7% 341,186 29 0.30% 106% -2
Paraná 30 5.8% 10,226,737 5.5% 340,891 28 0.30% 106% -2
Pernambuco 25 4.9% 8,541,250 4.6% 341,650 24 0.30% 106% -1
Ceará 22 4.3% 8,450,527 4.4% 371,822 23 -0.10% 94% 1
Maranhão 18 3.5% 6,424,340 3.5% 356,908 18 0.00% 101% 0
Goiás 17 3.3% 5,849,105 3.1% 344,065 16 0.20% 105% -1
Pará 17 3.3% 7,443,904 4% 437,877 21 -0.70% 83% 4
Santa Catarina 16 3.1% 6,178,603 3.3% 386,163 17 -0.20% 94% 1
Paraíba 12 2.3% 3,753,633 2% 312,803 10 0.30% 116% -2
Espírito Santo 10 1.9% 3,392,775 1.8% 339,278 9 0.10% 107% -1
Piauí 10 1.9% 3,086,448 1.7% 308,645 9 0.20% 117% -1
Alagoas 9 1.7% 3,093,994 1.7% 343,777 9 0.00% 105% 0
Acre 8 1.6% 707,125 0.4% 88,391 2 1.20% 410% -6
Amazonas 8 1.6% 3,350,773 1.8% 418,847 9 -0.20% 86% 1
Amapá 8 1.6% 648,553 0.3% 81,069 2 1.30% 447% -6
Distrito Federal 8 1.6% 2,469,489 1.3% 308,686 7 0.30% 117% -1
Mato Grosso do Sul 8 1.6% 2,404,256 1.3% 300,532 7 0.30% 120% -1
Mato Grosso 8 1.6% 2,954,625 1.6% 369,328 8 0.00% 98% 0
Rio Grande do Norte 8 1.6% 3,121,451 1.7% 390,181 9 -0.10% 93% 1
Rondônia 8 1.6% 1,535,625 0.8% 191,953 4 0.80% 189% -4
Roraima 8 1.6% 425,398 0.2% 53,175 1 1.40% 681% -7
Sergipe 8 1.6% 2,036,227 1.1% 254,528 6 0.50% 142% -2
Tocantins 8 1.6% 1,373,551 0.7% 171,694 4 0.90% 211% -4
Total 513 100% 185,712,713 100% 362,013 (representative national average) 514 (Population / representative national average) 0.30% accumulated (% of total members -% of the population) 156% average (number of members / Representatives of national average) 1

Present composition
Parties in the 56th Chamber of Representatives
Party Floor leader Seats % of seats
  Workers Enio Verri 53 10.33%
  Social Liberal Joice Hasselmann 41 7.99%
  Progressistas Arthur Lira 40 7.80%
  Liberal Wellington Roberto 39 7.60%
  Social Democratic Diego Andrade 36 7.02%
  Brazilian Democratic Movement Baleia Rossi 34 6.63%
  Brazilian Social Democracy Carlos Sampaio 32 6.24%
  Republicanos Jhonatan de Jesus 32 6.24%
  Brazilian Socialist Alessandro Molon 30 5.85%
  Democratic Labour Wolney Queiroz 28 5.46%
  Democrats Efraim Filho 28 5.46%
  Solidariedade José Silva Soares 14 2.73%
  Brazilian Labour Pedro Lucas Fernandes 12 2.34%
  Podemos Léo Moraes 11 2.14%
  Republican Party of the Social Order Acácio Favacho 10 1.95%
  Socialism and Liberty Fernanda Melchionna 10 1.95%
  Social Christian André Ferreira 9 1.75%
  Cidadania Arnaldo Jardim 8 1.56%
  Communist Party of Brazil Perpétua Almeida 8 1.56%
  New Paulo Ganime 8 1.56%
  Avante Luis Tibé 7 1.36%
  Patriota Fred Costa 6 1.17%
  Green Enrico Misasi 4 0.78%
  Sustainability Network Joênia Wapichana 1 0.19%
  Independent 12 2.34%
Total 513 100.0%

Partisan blocs composition
Bloc Representatives Leader
Government 340 Ricardo Barros (PP)
Majority 340 Aguinaldo Ribeiro (PP)
Opposition 166 Alessandro Molon (PSB)
Minority 166 José Guimarães (PT)
PL, PP, PSD, MDB, DEM, SDD, PTB, PROS, AVANTE Bloc 220 Arthur Lira (PP)

Bodies

The House of Representatives is composed of the Bureau of the Chamber of Representatives of Brazil by College Leaders and the Commissions, which can be permanent, temporary, or special inquiry.

Bureau of the Chamber of Representatives of Brazil

The current composition of the Board of the Chamber of Representatives is the following:

President: Rodrigo Maia (DEM-RJ)
1st Vice President: Marcos Pereira (PRB-SP)
2nd Vice President: Luciano Bivar (PSL-PE)
1st Secretary: Soraya Santos (PR-RJ)
2nd Secretary: Mário Heringer (PDT-MG)
3rd Secretary: Fábio Faria (PSD-RN)
4th Secretary: André Fufuca (PP-MA)
1st Secretary Substitute: Rafael Motta (PSB-RN)
2nd Secretary Substitute: Geovania de Sá (PSDB-SC)
3rd Secretary Substitute: Isnaldo Bulhões Jr. (MDB-AL)
4th Secretary Substitute: Assis Carvalho (PT-PI)

Standing committees

On March 6 of 2012, was defined division of committees between parties. The President's House, Marco Maia, believes that the proportionality between the parties / blocs must take into account the data of the last election. Thus, PT and PMDB, with the highest benches, were three committees (the PT made the choice first). DEM and PSDB, the two largest opposition, were two commissions each.[10] On the other hand, PSD, most harmed by this decision, filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court (STF) trying to reverse this decision.[11]

The chair of the committee, was defined as follows:[12]

Committee Chair
Agriculture, Livestock, Supply and Rural Development Fausto Pinato (REPUBLICANOS-SP)
Consumer Defence João Maia (PL-RN)
Constitution, Justice and Citizenship Felipe Francischini (PSL-PR)
Culture Benedita da Silva (PT-RJ)
Defense of Women Rights Luisa Canziani (PTB-PR)
Defense of Elderly Rights Lídice da Mata (PSB-PA)
Defense of People with Disabilities Rights Gilberto Nascimento (PSC-SP)
Economic Development, Industry, Trade and Services Bosco Saraiva (SD-AM)
Education Pedro Cunha Lima (PSDB-PB)
Environment and Sustainable Development Roberto Agostinho (PSB-SP)
Finances and Taxation Sergio Souza (MDB-PR)
Financial Supervision and Control Léo Motta (PSL-MG)
Foreign Affairs and National Defence Eduardo Bolsonaro (PSL-SP)
Human Rights and Minorities Helder Salomão (PT-MG)
Labor, Administration and Public Service Professora Marcivania (PCdoB-AP)
Mines and Energy Silas Câmara (REPUBLICANOS-AM)
National Integration, Regional Development and Amazon Átila Lins (PP-AM)
Participative Legislation Leonardo Monteiro (PT-MG)
Public Security and Fight Against Organized Crime Capitão Augusto (PL-SP)
Roads and Transports Eli Corrêa Filho (DEM-SP)
Science and Technology, Communication and Computing Felix Mendonça Junior (PDT-BA)
Social Security and Family Antonio Brito (PSD-BA)
Sports Fábio Mitidieri (PSD-SE)
Tourism Newton Cardoso Junior (MDB-MG)
Urban Development Marco Feliciano (PODE-SP)
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See also
  • Federal institutions of Brazil
  • 54th Chamber of Representatives of Brazil
  • 53rd Chamber of Representatives of Brazil
  • National Congress of Brazil
  • Federal Senate of Brazil

References
  1. "A configuração da Câmara após a investida de Bolsonaro". Nexo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-06-15.
  2. "O Império do Brasil". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  3. "A 1ª República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  4. "A 2a República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  5. "A 4a República". Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  6. Constitutional Amendment 26, of 27 November 1985
  7. "IBGE Censo 2010". www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  8. "MP". Retrieved 22 March 2018 – via The Free Dictionary.
  9. "Gasto com deputados caminha para R$ 1 bilhão". uol.com.br. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
  10. Finch, Nathalia (March 6, 2012), G1, defines the distribution of the standing committees Missing or empty |title= (help)
  11. Santos, Deborah (February 27, 2012), G1, going to have the Supreme Command of committees in the House Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. "Eleitos os presidentes das 25 comissões da Câmara" (in Portuguese). Portal da Câmara dos Deputados. 23 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
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