Jack Nicholson

John Joseph Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor and filmmaker whose career spanned more than 60 years. He is known for having played a wide range of starring or supporting roles, including comedy, romance, and darkly comic portrayals of anti-heroes and villainous characters. In many of his films, he played the "eternal outsider, the sardonic drifter", someone who rebels against the social structure.[1]

For the Australian rules footballer, see Jack Nicholson (footballer).
Jack Nicholson
Nicholson in 2001
Born
John Joseph Nicholson

(1937-04-22) April 22, 1937
Neptune City, New Jersey, U.S.
OccupationActor, filmmaker
Years active1953–present
Works
Filmography
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse(s)
​
(
m. 1962; div. 1968)
Partner(s)
Children5, including Lorraine
AwardsFull list

His most known and celebrated films include the road drama Easy Rider (1969); the dramas Five Easy Pieces (1970) and One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975); the comedy-dramas Carnal Knowledge (1971), The Last Detail (1973), Terms of Endearment (1983), Prizzi's Honor (1985), As Good as It Gets (1997), and About Schmidt (2002); the neo-noir mystery Chinatown (1974); the horror film The Shining (1980); the biopic Reds (1981); the fantasy comedy The Witches of Eastwick (1987); the superhero film Batman (1989); the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992); the romantic horror film Wolf (1994); the science fiction comedy Mars Attacks! (1996); the comedy Anger Management (2003); the romantic comedy Something's Gotta Give (2003); and the crime drama The Departed (2006). He has also directed three films, including The Two Jakes (1990).

Nicholson's 12 Academy Award nominations make him the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history. He has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975) and As Good as It Gets (1997), and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Terms of Endearment (1983). He is one of only three male actors to win three Academy Awards, and one of only two actors to be nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to the 2000s. He has won six Golden Globe Awards and received the Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, at 57, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award.

Nicholson had a number of high-profile relationships, most notably with Anjelica Huston and Rebecca Broussard, and was married to Sandra Knight from 1962 to 1968. He has five children: one with Knight, two with Broussard (including Lorraine Nicholson), and one each with Susan Anspach and Winnie Hollman.

Early life

Nicholson was born on April 22, 1937, in Neptune City, New Jersey,[2][3][4] the son of a showgirl, June Frances Nicholson (stage name June Nilson; 1918–1963).[5][6] Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, German, and Welsh descent. She married Italian-American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) in 1936, before realizing that he was already married.[7]:8[8] Biographer Patrick McGilligan stated in his book Jack's Life that Latvian-born Eddie King (originally Edgar A. Kirschfeld),[9] June's manager, may have been Nicholson's biological father, rather than Furcillo. Other sources suggest June Nicholson was unsure of the father's identity.[5] As June was only seventeen years old and unmarried, her parents[note 1] agreed to raise Nicholson as their own child without revealing his true parentage, and June would act as his sister.[10]

In 1974, Time magazine researchers learned, and informed Nicholson, that his "sister", June, was actually his mother, and his other "sister", Lorraine, was really his aunt.[11] By this time, both his mother and grandmother had died (in 1963 and 1970, respectively). On finding out, Nicholson said it was "a pretty dramatic event, but it wasn't what I'd call traumatizing ... I was pretty well psychologically formed".[10]

Nicholson grew up in Neptune City.[7]:7 He was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic religion.[12][13] Before starting high school, his family moved to an apartment in Spring Lake, New Jersey.[7]:16 "When Jack was ready for high school, the family moved once more—this time two miles farther south to old-money Spring Lake, New Jersey's so-called Irish Riviera, where Ethel May set up her beauty parlor in a rambling duplex at 505 Mercer Avenue."[14] "Nick", as he was known to his high school friends, attended nearby Manasquan High School, where he was voted "Class Clown" by the Class of 1954. He was in detention every day for a whole school year.[4] A theatre and a drama award at the school are named in his honor. In 2004, Nicholson attended his 50-year high school reunion accompanied by his aunt Lorraine.[7]

Military service

In 1957, Nicholson joined the California Air National Guard,[15] a move he sometimes characterized as an effort to "dodge the draft";[16] the Korean War–era's Military Selective Service Act was still in force, and draftees were required to perform up to two years of active duty. After completing the Air Force's basic training at Lackland Air Force Base,[16] Nicholson performed weekend drills and two-week annual training as a firefighter assigned to the unit based at the Van Nuys Airport.[16] During the Berlin Crisis of 1961, Nicholson was called up for several months of extended active duty,[16] and he was discharged at the end of his enlistment in 1962.[17]

Career
Further information: Jack Nicholson filmography

Early work
Nicholson as Wilbur Force in The Little Shop of Horrors (1960)

Nicholson first came to Hollywood in 1954, when he was seventeen, to visit his sister. He took a job as an office worker for animators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera at the MGM cartoon studio. They offered him an entry-level job as an animator, but he declined, citing his desire to become an actor.[16] While accepting the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the 56th Golden Globe Awards, he recalled that his first day as a working actor was May 5, 1955, which he considered lucky, as "5" was the jersey number of his boyhood idol, Joe DiMaggio. [18] He trained to be an actor with a group called the Players Ring Theater, after which time he found small parts performing on the stage and in TV soap operas.[1] He made his film debut in a low-budget teen drama The Cry Baby Killer (1958), playing the title role. For the following decade, Nicholson was a frequent collaborator with the film's producer, Roger Corman. Corman directed Nicholson on several occasions, most notably in The Little Shop of Horrors, as masochistic dental patient and undertaker Wilbur Force, and also in The Raven; The Terror, where he plays a French officer seduced by an evil ghost; and The St. Valentine's Day Massacre.

Nicholson also frequently worked with director Monte Hellman on low-budget westerns, though two in particular—Ride in the Whirlwind and The Shooting—initially failed to find interest from any US film distributors but gained cult success on the art-house circuit in France and were later sold to television. Nicholson also appeared in two episodes of The Andy Griffith Show.

1960s

With his acting career heading nowhere, Nicholson seemed resigned to a career behind the camera as a writer/director. His first real taste of writing success was the screenplay for the 1967 counterculture film The Trip (directed by Corman), which starred Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper. After first reading the script, Fonda told Nicholson he was totally impressed by the writing and felt it could become a great film. However, Fonda was disappointed with how the film turned out and blamed the editing which turned it into a "predictable" film and said so publicly. "I was livid", he recalls.[19] Nicholson also co-wrote, with Bob Rafelson, the movie Head, which starred The Monkees. He also arranged the movie's soundtrack.

Nicholson's first big acting break came when a spot opened up in Fonda and Hopper's Easy Rider (1969). He played alcoholic lawyer George Hanson, for which he received his first Oscar nomination. The film cost only $400,000 to make, and became a blockbuster, grossing $40 million.[20] Biographer John Parker states that Nicholson's interpretation of his role placed him in the company of earlier "anti-hero" actors, such as James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart, while promoting him into an "overnight number-one hero of the counter-culture movement".[20]

The part was a lucky break for Nicholson. The role had been written for the actor Rip Torn, who withdrew from the project after an argument with Hopper.[21] In interviews, Nicholson later acknowledged the importance of being cast in Easy Rider: "All I could see in the early films, before Easy Rider, was this desperate young actor trying to vault out of the screen and create a movie career."[22]

Nicholson was cast by Stanley Kubrick, who was impressed with his role in Easy Rider, in the part of Napoleon in a film about his life, and although production on the film commenced, the project fizzled out, partly due to a change in ownership at MGM, and other issues.[23]

1970s
Nicholson with Michelle Phillips at the 1971 Golden Globes

Nicholson starred in Five Easy Pieces alongside Karen Black in 1970 in what became his persona-defining role. Nicholson and Black were nominated for Academy Awards for their performances. Nicholson played Bobby Dupea, an oil rig worker, and Black played his waitress girlfriend. During an interview about the film, Black noted that Nicholson's character in the film was very subdued, and was very different from Nicholson's real-life personality. She says that the now-famous restaurant scene was partly improvised by Nicholson, and was out of character for Bobby, who wouldn't have cared enough to argue with a waitress.[24] "I think that Jack really has very little in common with Bobby. I think Bobby has given up looking for love. But Jack hasn't, he's very interested in love, in finding out things. Jack is a very curious, alive human being. Always ready for a new idea."[25]:37 Nicholson himself said as much, telling an interviewer, "I like listening to everybody. This to me is the elixir of life."[26]

Black later admitted that she had a crush on Nicholson from the time they met, although they only dated briefly. "He was very beautiful. He just looked right at you ... I liked him a lot ... He really sort of wanted to date me but I didn't think of him that way because I was going with Peter Kastner ... Then I went to do Easy Rider, but didn't see him because we didn't have any scenes together ... At the premiere, I saw him out in the lobby afterward and I started crying ... He didn't understand that, but what it was was that I really loved him a lot, and I didn't know it until I saw him again, because it all welled up."[25]:36

Within a month after the film's release that September, the movie became a blockbuster, making Nicholson a leading man and the "new American anti-hero", according to McDougal.[7]:130 Critics began speculating as to whether he might become another Marlon Brando or James Dean. His career and income skyrocketed. He said, "I have [become] much sought after. Your name becomes a brand image like a product. You become Campbell's soup, with thirty-one different varieties of roles you can play."[7]:130 He told his new agent, Sandy Bresler, to find him unusual roles so he could stretch his acting skill: "I like to play people that haven't existed yet, a 'cusp character'", he said:

I have that creative yearning. Much in the way Chagall flies figures into the air: once it becomes part of the conventional wisdom, it doesn't seem particularly adventurous or weird or wild.[7]:130

There is James Cagney, Spencer Tracy, Humphrey Bogart, and Henry Fonda. After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?

—Mike Nichols, director[27]

Also in 1970, he appeared in the movie adaptation of On a Clear Day You Can See Forever, although most of his performance was left on the cutting room floor. His agent turned down a starring role in Deliverance when the film's producer and director, John Boorman, refused to pay what Nicholson's agent wanted.[7]:130

Nicholson starred in Carnal Knowledge in 1971, a comedy-drama directed by Mike Nichols, which co-starred Art Garfunkel, Ann-Margret, and Candice Bergen. He was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor. As a director, Mike Nichols was limited in the actors who he felt could handle the role, saying, "There is James Cagney, Spencer Tracy, Humphrey Bogart, and Henry Fonda. After that, who is there but Jack Nicholson?"[27] During the filming, Nicholson struck up what became a lifelong friendship with co-star Garfunkel. When he visited Los Angeles, Garfunkel would stay at Nicholson's home in a room Nicholson jokingly called "the Arthur Garfunkel Suite".[7]:127

Other Nicholson roles included Hal Ashby's The Last Detail (1973), with Randy Quaid, for which Nicholson won Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival, and he was nominated for his third Oscar and a Golden Globe. Television journalist David Gilmour writes that one of his favorite Nicholson scenes from all his films was in this one when Nicholson slaps his gun on the bar yelling he was the Shore Patrol.[28][29] Critic Roger Ebert called it a very good movie, but credited Nicholson's acting as the main reason: "He creates a character so complete and so complex that we stop thinking about the movie and just watch to see what he'll do next."[30]

In 1974, Nicholson starred in Roman Polanski's noir thriller Chinatown, and was again nominated for Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Jake Gittes, a private detective. The film co-starred Faye Dunaway and John Huston, and included a cameo role with Polanski. Roger Ebert described Nicholson's portrayal as sharp-edged, menacing, and aggressive, a character who knew "how to go over the top", as he did in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. It is that edge that kept Chinatown from becoming a typical genre crime film.[31] Ebert also notes the importance of the role for Nicholson's career, seeing it as a major transition from the exploitation films of the previous decade. "As Jake Gittes, he stepped into Bogart's shoes", says Ebert. "As a man attractive to audiences because he suggests both comfort and danger ... From Gittes forward, Nicholson created the persona of a man who had seen it all and was still capable of being wickedly amused."[32]

Nicholson had been friends with the director Roman Polanski long before the murder of Polanski's wife, Sharon Tate and others, at the hands of the Manson Family, and supported him in the days following their deaths.[7]:109–110[33] After Tate's death, Nicholson began sleeping with a hammer under his pillow[7] and took breaks from work to attend the Manson trial.[16]

Nicholson in 1976

In 1977, three years after Chinatown, Polanski was arrested at Nicholson's home for the sexual assault of 13-year-old Samantha Geimer, who was modeling for Polanski during a magazine photo shoot around the pool. At the time of the incident, Nicholson was out of town making a film, but his steady girlfriend, actress Anjelica Huston, had dropped by unannounced to pick up some items. She heard Polanski in the other room say, "We'll be right out."[34] Polanski then came out with Geimer, and he introduced her to Huston, and they chatted about Nicholson's two large dogs, which were sitting nearby. Huston recalled Geimer was wearing platform heels and appeared quite tall.[34] After a few minutes of talking, Polanski had packed up his camera gear and Huston saw them drive off in his car. Huston told police the next day, after Polanski was arrested, that she "had witnessed nothing untoward" and never saw them together in the other room.[34]

Geimer learned afterward that Huston herself wasn't supposed to be at Nicholson's house that day, since they had recently broken up, but stopped over to pick up some belongings. Geimer described Nicholson's house as "definitely" a guy's house, with lots of wood and shelves crowded with photos and mementos.[35]

One of Nicholson's greatest successes came in 1975, with his role as Randle P. McMurphy in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest. The movie was an adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel, and was directed by Miloš Forman and co-produced by Michael Douglas. Nicholson plays an anti-authoritarian patient at a mental hospital where he becomes an inspiring leader for the other patients. Playing one of the patients was Danny DeVito in an early role. Nicholson learned afterward that DeVito grew up in the same area of New Jersey, and they knew many of the same people.[36] The film swept the Academy Awards with nine nominations, and won the top five, including Nicholson's first for Best Actor.

The role seemed perfect for Nicholson, with biographer Ken Burke noting that his "smartass demeanor balances his genuine concern for the treatment of his fellow patients with his independent spirit too free to exist in a repressive social structure".[37][38] Forman allowed Nicholson to improvise throughout the film, including most of the group therapy sequences.[16] :273 Reviewer Marie Brenner notes that his bravura performance "transcends the screen" and continually inspires the other actors by lightening their mental illnesses with his comic dialogue. She describes his performance:

Nicholson is everywhere; his energy propels the ward of loonies and makes of them an ensemble, a chorus of people caught in a bummer with nowhere else to go, but still fighting for some frail sense of themselves. ... There are scenes in Cuckoo's Nest that are as intimate—and in their language, twice as rough—as the best moments in The Godfather ... [and] far above the general run of Hollywood performances.[39]

Also in 1975, Nicholson starred in Michelangelo Antonioni's The Passenger (1975), which co-starred Maria Schneider. Nicholson plays the role of a journalist, David Locke, who during an assignment in North Africa decides to quit being a journalist and simply disappear by taking on a new hidden identity. Unfortunately, the dead person whose identity he takes on turns out to have been a weapons smuggler on the run. Antonioni's unusual plot included convincing dialogue and fine acting, states film critic Seymour Chatman.[40] It was shot in Algeria, Spain, Germany, and England.

The film received good reviews and revived Antonioni's reputation as one of cinema's great directors.[40] He says he wanted the film to have more of a "spy feeling [and] be more political".[40] Nicholson began shooting the film from an unfinished script, notes Judith Crist,[41] yet upon its completion he thought so highly of the film that he bought the world rights and recorded a reminiscence of working with Antonioni.[40] Critic and screenwriter Penelope Gilliatt provides an overview of Nicholson's role:

The Passenger is an unidealized portrait of a drained man whose one remaining stimulus is to push his luck. Again and again, in the movie, we watch him court danger. It interests him to walk the edge of risk. He does it with passivity as if he were taking part in an expressionless game of double-dare with life. Jack Nicholson's performance is a wonder of insight. How to animate a personality that is barely there.[16] :443

He continued to take more unusual roles. He took a small role in The Last Tycoon, opposite Robert De Niro. He took a less sympathetic role in Arthur Penn's western The Missouri Breaks (1976), specifically to work with Marlon Brando. Nicholson was especially inspired by Brando's acting ability, recalling that in his youth, as an assistant manager at a theater, he watched On the Waterfront about forty times.[42] "I'm part of the first generation that idolized Marlon Brando", he said.[43]

Marlon Brando influenced me strongly. Today, it's hard for people who weren't there to realize the impact that Brando had on an audience. ... He's always been the patron saint of actors.[27]

Nicholson has observed that while both De Niro and Brando were noted for their skill as method actors, he himself has seldom been described as a method actor, a fact which he sees as an accomplishment: "I'm still fooling them", he told Sean Penn during a phone conversation. "I consider it an accomplishment because there's probably no one who understands Method acting better academically than I do—or actually uses it more in his work. But it's funny, nobody really sees that. It's perception versus reality, I guess."[26]

1980s
His work is always interesting, clearly conceived, and has the X-factor, magic. Jack is particularly suited for roles that require intelligence. He is an intelligent and literate man, and these are almost impossible to act. In The Shining you believe he's a writer, failed or otherwise.

—Stanley Kubrick[44]

Although he garnered no Academy Award for Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of Stephen King's The Shining (1980), it remains one of his more significant roles. He was Kubrick's first choice to play the lead role, although the book's author, Stephen King, wanted the part played by more of an "everyman". However, Kubrick as a director won the argument, and described Nicholson's acting quality as being "on a par with the greatest stars of the past, like Spencer Tracy and Jimmy Cagney".[44]

On the set, Nicholson always appeared in character, and if Kubrick felt confident that he knew his lines well enough, he encouraged him to improvise and go beyond the script.[44] :434 For example, Nicholson improvised his now-famous "Here's Johnny!" line,[44] :433 along with a scene in which he unleashes his anger upon his wife while she interrupts his writing.[44] :445 There were also extensive takes of scenes, due to Kubrick's perfectionism. Nicholson shot a scene with the ghostly bartender thirty-six times.[45] Nicholson states that "Stanley's demanding. He'll do a scene fifty times, and you have to be good to do that."[46]:38

In 1982, he starred as an immigration enforcement agent in The Border, directed by Tony Richardson. It co-starred Warren Oates, who played a corrupt border official.[47] Richardson wanted Nicholson to play his role less expressively than he had in his earlier roles. "Less is more", he told him, and wanted him to wear reflecting sunglasses to portray what patrolmen wore.[16] :318 Richardson recalled that Nicholson worked hard on the set:

He's what the Thirties and Forties stars were like. He can come on the set and deliver, without any fuss, without taking a long time walking around getting into it. "What do you want? Okay." And he just does it straight off. And then if you want him to do it another way on the next take, he can adapt to that too.[16] :318

Nicholson won his second Oscar, an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, for his role of retired astronaut Garrett Breedlove in Terms of Endearment (1983), directed by James L. Brooks. It starred Shirley MacLaine and Debra Winger. McGilligan claims it was one of Nicholson's most complex and unforgettable characters. He and MacLaine played many of their scenes in different ways, constantly testing and making adjustments. Their scenes together gave the film its "buoyant edge", states McGilligan, and describes Nicholson's acting as "Jack floating like a butterfly".[16] :330

Nicholson continued to work prolifically in the 1980s, starring in such films as: The Postman Always Rings Twice (1981); Reds (1981), where Nicholson portrays the writer Eugene O'Neill with a quiet intensity; Prizzi's Honor (1985); Heartburn (1986); The Witches of Eastwick (1987); Broadcast News (1987); and Ironweed (1987). Three Oscar nominations also followed (Reds, Prizzi's Honor, and Ironweed).[48][49][50] John Huston, who directed Prizzi's Honor, said of Nicholson's acting, "He just illuminates the book. He impressed me in one scene after another; the movie is composed largely of first takes with him."[51]

In the 1989 Batman movie, Nicholson played the psychotic murderer and villain, the Joker. The film was an international smash hit, and a lucrative percentage deal earned him a percentage of the box office gross estimated at $60 million to $90 million.[52] Nicholson said that he was "particularly proud" of his performance as the Joker: "I considered it a piece of pop art", he said.[26]

1990s

For his role as hot-headed Col. Nathan R. Jessup in A Few Good Men (1992), a movie about a murder in a U.S. Marine Corps unit, Nicholson received yet another Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.[53][54] One review describes his performance as "spellbinding", adding that he portrayed "the essence of the quintessential military mindset".[55] Critic David Thomson notes that Nicholson's character "blazed and roared".[56]

The film's director, Rob Reiner, recalls how Nicholson's level of acting experience affected the other actors during rehearsals: "I had the luck of having Jack Nicholson there. He knows what he's doing, and he comes to play, every time out, full-out performance! And what it says to a lot of the other actors is, 'Oooooh, I better get on my game here because this guy's coming to play! So I can't hold back; I've got to come up to him.' He sets the tone."[57]

In 1996, Nicholson collaborated once more with Batman director Tim Burton on Mars Attacks!, pulling double duty as two contrasting characters, President James Dale and Las Vegas property developer Art Land. At first, studio executives at Warner Bros. disliked the idea of killing off Nicholson's character, so Burton created two characters and killed them both off.

Not all of Nicholson's performances have been well received. He was nominated for Razzie Awards as worst actor for Man Trouble (1992) and Hoffa (1992). However, Nicholson's performance in Hoffa also earned him a Golden Globe nomination.[58][59] While David Thomson states that the film was terribly neglected, since Nicholson portrayed one of his best screen characters, someone who is "snarly, dumb, smart, noble, rascally—all the parts of 'Jack'"[56]

Nicholson went on to win his next Academy Award for Best Actor in the romantic comedy, As Good as It Gets (1997), his third film directed by James L. Brooks. He played Melvin Udall, a "wickedly funny",[60] mean-spirited, obsessive-compulsive novelist. "I'm a studio Method actor", he said. "So I was prone to give some kind of clinical presentation of the disorder."[61] His Oscar was matched with the Academy Award for Best Actress for Helen Hunt, who played a Manhattan wisecracking, single-mother waitress drawn into a love/hate friendship with Udall, a frequent diner in the restaurant. The film was a tremendous box office success, grossing $314 million, which made it Nicholson's second-best-grossing film of his career, after Batman.[27]

Nicholson admits he initially didn't like playing the role of a middle-aged man alongside much younger Hunt, seeing it as a movie cliché. "But Helen disarmed that at the first meeting", he says, "and I stopped thinking about it." They got along well during the filming, with Hunt saying that he "treated me like a queen", and they connected immediately: "It wasn't even what we said", she adds. "It was just some frequency we both could tune into that was very, very compatible."[60]

Critic Jack Mathews of Newsday described Nicholson as being "in rare form", adding that "it's one of those performances that make you aware how much fun the actor is having".[60] Author and screenwriter Andrew Horton describes their on-screen relationship as being like "fire and ice, oil and water—seemingly complete opposites".[62] Nonetheless, Hunt was Nicholson's perfect counterpart and delivered "a simply stunning performance", wrote critic Louise Keller.[63]

In 2001, Nicholson was the first actor to receive the Stanislavsky Award at the 23rd Moscow International Film Festival for "conquering the heights of acting and faithfulness".[64]

2000s
Nicholson in 2002

In About Schmidt (2002), Nicholson portrayed a retired Omaha, Nebraska, actuary who questions his own life following his wife's death. His quietly restrained performance earned him an Academy Award Nomination for Best Actor. In Anger Management (2003), he played an aggressive therapist assigned to help an over pacifist man (Adam Sandler). In 2003, Nicholson also starred in Something's Gotta Give, as an aging playboy who falls for the mother (Diane Keaton) of his young girlfriend. In late 2006, Nicholson marked his return to the dark side as Frank Costello, a nefarious Boston Irish Mob boss, based on Whitey Bulger who was still on the run at that time, presiding over Matt Damon and Leonardo DiCaprio in Martin Scorsese's Oscar-winning film The Departed, a remake of Andrew Lau's Infernal Affairs. The role earned Nicholson worldwide critical praise, along with various award wins and nominations, including a Golden Globe nomination for best-supporting actor.

In 2007, Nicholson co-starred with Morgan Freeman in Rob Reiner's The Bucket List.[65] Nicholson and Freeman portrayed dying men who fulfill their list of goals. In researching the role, Nicholson visited a Los Angeles hospital to see how cancer patients coped with their illnesses.

2010s

Nicholson's next film role saw him reunite with James L. Brooks, director of Terms of Endearment, Broadcast News, and As Good as It Gets, for a supporting role as Paul Rudd's character's father in the 2010 film How Do You Know.

It has been widely reported in subsequent years that Nicholson has retired from acting because of memory loss,[66] but in a September 2013 Vanity Fair article, Nicholson clarified that he did not consider himself retired, merely that he was now less driven to "be out there anymore".[67]

On February 15, 2015, Nicholson made a special appearance as a presenter on SNL 40, the 40th anniversary special of Saturday Night Live.[68] After the death of boxer Muhammad Ali on June 3, 2016, Nicholson appeared on HBO's The Fight Game with Jim Lampley for an exclusive interview about his friendship with Ali.[69] He was reported to be starring in an English-language remake of Toni Erdmann in 2017 opposite Kristen Wiig, his first feature film role since How Do You Know,[70] but he later dropped out of the project.[71]

Personal life

Relationships and children
Nicholson is the Hollywood celebrity who is almost like a character in some ongoing novel of our times. He is also the most beloved of stars—not even his huge wealth, his reckless aging, and the public disasters of his private life can detract from this ... For he is still a touchstone, someone we value for the way he helps us see ourselves.

—David Thomson, a film critic.[56]

Children of Jack Nicholson
  • with Sandra Knight
    • Jennifer (born 1963)
  • with Susan Anspach
    • Caleb (born 1970)
  • with Winnie Hollman
    • Honey (born 1981)
  • with Rebecca Broussard
    • Lorraine (born 1990)
    • Raymond (born 1992)

Nicholson's only marriage was to Sandra Knight from June 17, 1962, to August 8, 1968; they had been separated for two years prior to the divorce. They had one daughter together, Jennifer (born September 16, 1963), also an actress. Jennifer's son Duke Norfleet (b. 1999), is also an actor, under the name Duke Nicholson.[72]

Actress Susan Anspach contended that her son, Caleb Goddard (born September 26, 1970), was fathered by Nicholson. In 1984, Nicholson stated that he was not convinced he is Caleb's father;[73] however, in 1996, Caleb stated that Nicholson had acknowledged him as his son.[74] At some point between 1988 and 1994, Nicholson provided financial assistance to put Caleb through college,[75] and Anspach's New York Times obituary referred to Caleb as "her son, whose father is Jack Nicholson".[76]

Between April 1973 and January 1990, Nicholson had an on-again, off-again relationship with actress Anjelica Huston that included periods of overlap with other women, including Danish model Winnie Hollman, with whom he fathered a daughter, Honey Hollman (born 1981).[77]

From 1989 to 1994, Nicholson had a relationship with actress Rebecca Broussard. They had two children together: daughter Lorraine Nicholson (born April 16, 1990 - named after his aunt), and son Raymond (born February 20, 1992).[77][78]

For over a year, from 1999 to 2000, Nicholson dated actress Lara Flynn Boyle; they later reunited, before splitting permanently in 2004.[79]

Nicholson has stated that children "give your life a resonance that it can't have without them ... As a father, I'm there all the time. I give unconditional love."[26] However, he has also lamented that he "didn't see enough of my eldest daughter because I was trying to make a career".[80]

Assault charge

In a criminal complaint filed on February 8, 1994, Robert Blank stated that Nicholson, then 56, approached Blank's Mercedes-Benz while he was stopped at a red light in North Hollywood. After accusing the other man of cutting him off in traffic, Nicholson used a golf club to bash the roof and windshield of Blank's car. A witness confirmed Blank's account of the incident, and misdemeanor charges of assault and vandalism were filed against Nicholson. Charges were dropped after Nicholson apologized to Blank, and the two reached an undisclosed settlement, which included a reported $500,000 check from Nicholson.[81]

Celebrity friendships

Nicholson lived next door to Marlon Brando for a number of years on Mulholland Drive in Beverly Hills. Warren Beatty also lived nearby, earning the road the nickname "Bad Boy Drive". After Brando's death in 2004, Nicholson purchased his bungalow for $6.1 million, with the purpose of having it demolished. Nicholson stated that it was done out of respect to Brando's legacy, as it had become too expensive to renovate the "derelict" building which was plagued by mold.[82]

Nicholson's friendship with author-journalist Hunter S. Thompson is described in Thompson's autobiography Kingdom of Fear.[83] Following Thompson's death in 2005, Nicholson and fellow actors Johnny Depp, John Cusack, and Sean Penn attended the private memorial service in Colorado.[84]

Nicholson was also a close friend of Robert Evans, the producer of Chinatown, and after Evans lost Woodland, his home, as the result of a 1980s drug bust, Nicholson and other friends of the producer purchased Woodland to give it back to Evans.[85]

Hobbies

Nicholson is a fan of the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Lakers. He has been a Laker season ticket holder since 1970, and has held courtside season tickets for the past 25 years next to the opponent's benches both at The Forum and Staples Center, missing very few games. In a few instances, Nicholson has engaged in arguments with game officials and opposing players, and even walked onto the court.[86] He was almost ejected from a Lakers playoff game in May 2003 after he yelled at the game's referee.[87]

Nicholson is a collector of 20th-century and contemporary art, including the work of Henri Matisse, Tamara de Lempicka,[88] Andy Warhol and Jack Vettriano.[89] In 1995, artist Ed Ruscha was quoted saying that Nicholson has "one of the best collections out here".[90]

Political views

Nicholson described himself as a "life-long Irish Democrat".[91] Although he is personally against abortion, he is pro-choice. He has said, "I'm pro-choice but against abortion because I'm an illegitimate child myself, and it would be hypocritical to take any other position. I'd be dead. I wouldn't exist." He has also said that he has "nothing but total admiration, gratitude, and respect for the strength of the women who made the decision they made in my individual case".[92]

In 2020, Nicholson endorsed Bernie Sanders's second presidential campaign for the 2020 nomination.[93]

Religious views

During a 1992 Vanity Fair interview, Nicholson stated, "I don't believe in God now. I can still work up an envy for someone who has faith. I can see how that could be a deeply soothing experience."[94]

Honors
Nicholson (right) and Dennis Hopper at the 62nd Academy Awards, 1990

In 1994, he was the youngest recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award.[95][96]

In May 2008, then-California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced that Nicholson would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony took place on December 15, 2008, where he was inducted alongside 11 other Californians.[97][98]

In 2010, Nicholson was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.[99]

In 2011, Nicholson received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University at its 243rd commencement. At the ceremony, Ruth Simmons, Brown University's president, called him "the most skilled actor of our lifetime".[100]

Awards and nominations
Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Jack Nicholson

With twelve Academy Award nominations (eight for Best Actor and four for Best Supporting Actor), Nicholson is the most nominated male actor in Academy Awards history. Only Nicholson (1960s–2000s), Michael Caine (1960s–2000s), Meryl Streep (1970s–2010s), Paul Newman (1950s–1960s, 1980s–2000s), Katharine Hepburn (1930s–1960s, 1980s), and Laurence Olivier (1930s–1970s) have been nominated for an acting (lead or supporting) Academy Award in five different decades.

With three Oscar wins, he also ties with Walter Brennan, Daniel Day-Lewis, Ingrid Bergman, and Meryl Streep for the second-most Oscar wins in acting categories. Only Katharine Hepburn, with four Oscars, won more.

In 2013, Nicholson co-presented the Academy Award for Best Picture with First Lady Michelle Obama. This ceremony marked the eighth time he has presented the Academy Award for Best Picture (1972, 1977, 1978, 1990, 1993, 2006, 2007, and 2013). Nicholson is an active and voting member of the Academy.

Filmography
Main article: Jack Nicholson filmography

Nicholson's acting career spans over sixty years. He has won three Academy Awards, and with twelve nominations, he is the most nominated male actor in the Academy's history.

Among his most notable films are Easy Rider (1969), Five Easy Pieces (1970), Carnal Knowledge (1971), The Last Detail (1973), Chinatown (1974), One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975), The Shining (1980), Reds (1981), Terms of Endearment (1983), Prizzi's Honor (1985), Batman (1989), A Few Good Men (1992), As Good as It Gets (1997), About Schmidt (2002), and The Departed (2006).

Notes
  1. John Joseph Nicholson (a department store window dresser in Manasquan, New Jersey) and Ethel May (née Rhoads, a hairdresser, beautician and amateur artist in Manasquan)
gollark: True, but we have an awful lot of written stuff now.
gollark: I'm disappointed it's not cruxen.
gollark: The whole "borrowed from X" thing is really the crux of the issue - it just pulls words from other languages, but oh look now you need this grammar too.
gollark: `life` → `lives` also.
gollark: Oxen, too.

References
  1. Katz, Ephraim. The Film Encyclopedia, HarperCollins (2012) pp. 1079–1080
  2. "Jack Nicholson". Familysearch.org.
  3. "Jack Nicholson Biography Film Actor (1937–)". Biography.com. Retrieved August 7, 2015.
  4. Davies, Hunter (February 23, 1993). "INTERVIEW / Great film, Jack, now let's talk about you: Jack Nicholson". The Independent. London.
  5. Marx, Arthur (Summer 1995). "On His Own Terms". Cigar Aficionado. Archived from the original on March 31, 2010.
  6. Douglas, Edward (2004). Jack: The Great Seducer – The Life and Many Loves of Jack Nicholson. New York: Harper Collins. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-06-052047-2.
  7. McDougal, Dennis (October 2007). Five Easy Decades: How Jack Nicholson Became the Biggest Movie Star in Modern Times. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-72246-5.
  8. Berliner, Eve. Marriage certificate of June Nilson and Donald Furcillo. Young Jack Nicholson: Auspicious Beginnings. Evesmag.com. 2001.
  9. McDougal, Dennis (October 2007). Five Easy Decades: How Jack Nicholson Became the Biggest Movie Star in Modern Times. Wiley. pp. 8, 278. ISBN 978-0-471-72246-5.
  10. Jack Nicholson Biography, Biography.com
  11. Collins, Nancy. The Great Seducer: Jack Nicholson. Rolling Stone, March 29, 1984,
  12. "The Religious Affiliation of Jack Nicholson". Adherents.com. August 23, 2009.
  13. "'I Wasn't Inhibited by Anything'". Parade. December 4, 2007. Archived from the original on March 1, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2007.
  14. Nicholson, Jack. "No Getting Away From NJ: Hollywood legend Jack Nicholson attempts to elucidate the definitive quality of New Jersey", New Jersey Monthly, November 15, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2011. "I grew up on the Shore ... in Neptune, Neptune City, Manasquan, and Spring Lake. Graduated from Manasquan [High School]. No offense to Atlantic City, but, where we grew up, we called it 'The Shore'."
  15. Cumming, Calum (2014). Jack Nicholson. Bloomington, IN: Author House. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4918-9225-1.
  16. McGilligan, Patrick (1996). Jack's Life: A Biography of Jack Nicholson. W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 126, 219. ISBN 978-0-393-31378-9.
  17. Jack Nicholson, p. 18.
  18. "Jack Nicholson Receives Cecil B Demille Award - Golden Globes 1999" via Dick Clark Productions; retrieved February 24, 2020
  19. Linderman, Lawrence. "Playboy Interview with Peter Fonda", Playboy magazine, September 1970
  20. Parker, John. Michael Douglas: Acting on Instinct, Hachette Book Group (2011) e-book
  21. Hill, Lee. A Grand Guy: The Life and Art of Terry Southern. Bloomsbury, 2001.
  22. "Easy rider: The Jack Nicholson interview". Irish Independent. February 27, 2008.
  23. Duncan 2003, p. 122.
  24. "Hold the Chicken – Five Easy Pieces", fair use video clip
  25. Crane, Robert. Jack Nicholson: The Early Years, Univ. Press of Kentucky (2012)
  26. D'Agostino, Ryan. Esquire the Meaning of Life: Wisdom, Humor, and Damn Good Advice from 64 Extraordinary Lives, Sterling Publishing (2009) pp. 97–99
  27. Eliot, Marc. Nicholson: A Biography, Random House (2013) Title page
  28. Gilmour, David. The Film Club: A Memoir, Hachette Book Group (2008) e-book
  29. Shore Patrol scene in The Last Detail, fair use clip
  30. Ebert, Roger. Roger Ebert's Four Star Reviews—1967–2007, Andrews McMeel Publishing (2007) p. 405
  31. Ebert, Roger. The Great Movies, Volume 1, Broadway Books (2002) p. 106
  32. Ebert, Roger. 27 Movies from the Dark Side: Ebert's Essentials, Andrews McMeel Publishing (2012) e-book
  33. Dunne, Dominick (April 2001). "Murder Most Unforgettable". Vanity Fair.
  34. Huston, Anjelica. Watch Me, Simon and Schuster (2014) e-book
  35. Geimer, Samantha. The Girl: A Life in the Shadow of Roman Polanski, Simon and Schuster (2013) p. 79
  36. Danny DeVito speaks at the 22nd AFI Life Achievement Award: A Tribute To Jack Nicholson. 1994.
  37. Burke, Ken. Ed. The Guide to United States Popular Culture, Bowling Green State Univ. Press (2001) p. 578
  38. "You're Not Crazy!" – a scene in One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, fair use clip
  39. Brenner, Marie. Texas Monthly, January 1976, p. 32
  40. Chatman, Seymour; Duncan, Paul. Michelangelo Antonioni: The Investigation, Taschen (2004) p. 134
  41. Crist, Judith. "The Plot Slickens", New York Magazine', April 14, 1975 p. 76
  42. Wild, David. "Rolling Stone Interview with Jack Nicholson", Rolling Stone, May 3, 2007, p. 110
  43. Nicholson, Jack. "Remembering Marlon", Rolling Stone, August 19, 2004
  44. LoBrutto, Vincent. Stanley Kubrick: A Biography, Da Capo Press (1997) p. 420
  45. Webster, Patrick (2010). Love and Death in Kubrick: A Critical Study of the Films. McFarland. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-7864-5916-2.
  46. Ciment, Michel. Kubrick: The Definitive Edition, Faber and Faber, Inc. (1980; 1999)
  47. Trailer: The Border, fair use clip
  48. "The 54th Academy Awards: 1982". Academy Awards Database. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  49. "The 58th Academy Awards: 1986". Academy Awards Database. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  50. "The 60th Academy Awards: 1988". Academy Awards Database. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  51. Grobel, Lawrence. "Playboy Interview with John Huston", Playboy magazine, September 1985
  52. Matt Carey (November 8, 2013). "You don't know Jack (Nicholson)". CNN. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
  53. "The 65th Academy Awards: 1993". Academy Awards Database. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  54. "You Can't Handle the Truth! – A Few Good Men", fair use clip
  55. Bleiler, David, Ed. TLA Video & DVD Guide, St. Martin's Griffin (2003) p. 206
  56. Thomson, David. The New Biographical Dictionary of Film, Alfred A. Knopf (2002) pp. 634–635
  57. Kagan, Jeremy. Directors Close Up, Scarecrow Press (2006) p. 148
  58. "Razzie nominations 1992". Archived from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2013.
  59. "Golden Globe actor reference". Archived from the original on March 12, 2013.
  60. Bona, Damien. Inside Oscar 2, Random House (2002) e-book
  61. Schruers, Fred. "Rolling Stone Interview with Jack Nicholson", Rolling Stone, March 19, 1998 pp. 38–40
  62. Horton, Andrew. Laughing Out Loud: Writing the Comedy-centered Screenplay, Univ. of California Press (2000) p. 64
  63. AS GOOD AS IT GETS reviews, Urban Cinefile, August 13, 2015
  64. "23rd Moscow International Film Festival (2001)". MIFF. Archived from the original on March 28, 2013. Retrieved March 30, 2013.
  65. "He Saved My Life", a scene in The Bucket List, fair use clip
  66. "Jack Nicholson 'retires from acting due to memory loss'". The Guardian. September 5, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  67. "Jack Nicholson–Retirement Clarification: The Actor Is Retiring from Hitting on Women, Not Acting". Vanity Fair. September 16, 2013. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  68. "Politics – SNL 40th Anniversary Special", Saturday Night Live
  69. "HBO's Jim Lampley captures essence of Muhammad Ali in 'The Fight Game' closing". Los Angeles Times.
  70. Kroll, Justin. "Jack Nicholson, Kristen Wiig to Star in "Toni Erdmann" Remake (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Penske Business Media, LLC. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  71. Barfield, Charles (August 15, 2018). "Jack Nicholson Drops Out Of 'Toni Erdmann' As American Remake Sees Behind-The-Scenes Changes". The Playlist. Retrieved September 25, 2018.
  72. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8491696/
  73. "Jack Nicholson Interview". Rolling Stone: 18. March 29, 1984. I yearn for honesty in life. I'd tell anybody any living thing about me.
  74. "The House That Jack Owns". PEOPLE.com.
  75. Abcarian, Robin. "Never a Borrower or a Lender Be—Especially in Hollywood", Los Angeles Times. May 29, 1996. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  76. Gates, Anita. "Susan Anspach, 75, Dies; Daring Actress in Maverick Films", The New York Times. April 5, 2018. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  77. "The women Jack Nicholson loved and lost: In pictures", The Telegraph, U.K., January 13, 2015
  78. "Jack Nicholson, Daughter Lorraine Nicholson Make Rare Public Appearance Together", US Weekly, December 16, 2014
  79. "Lara Flynn Boyle: Once Too Thin Has Emerged And Looks Unrecognizable". The Inquisitr. October 17, 2013.
  80. "Jack Nicholson: I'm "Uncomfortable" With "Sex Legend" Rumors". November 6, 2012.
  81. "The religion of Jack Nicholson, actor". www.adherents.com.
  82. Harlow, John (August 6, 2006). "Jack Nicholson to demolish his friend Brando's house". The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved September 26, 2011.
  83. Heigl, Alex. "The Five Most Gonzo Stories About Hunter S. Thompson". Nerve. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  84. Bane, Vickie (March 9, 2005). "Jack Nicholson Draws Hunter S. Thompson". People.
  85. "The Kid Stays in the Picture". reelingreviews.com.
  86. "Nicholson gets court rage". BBC News. May 11, 2003.
  87. "Jack Nicholson yells at referee". Archived from the original on February 16, 2013.
  88. "New Angle on a Symbol of Art Deco: Painting: Tamara de Lempicka's portraits of the '20s and '30s leisure class are finding revived interest". Los Angeles Times.
  89. Braid, Mary (July 23, 1999). "Jack Nicholson loves him. The public adores him. His erotic art has made him millions and his posters outsell Van Gogh and Star Wars. So why is Jack Vettriano so bitter?". The Independent. London. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
  90. Bob Colacello (April 1995), The Art of the Deal Vanity Fair.
  91. "Jack Nicholson goes public with his politics". Today.com. December 20, 2007. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  92. "NAMES IN THE NEWS: Nicholson Split on Abortion". Los Angeles Times.
  93. "Which 2020 Democrat Has the Best Celebrity Endorsements?". Slate Magazine. January 21, 2020. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  94. Smith, Warren Allen. Celebrities in Hell. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade, 2002. Print. "I don't believe in God now", Nicholson told a 1992 Vanity Fair interviewer. But: "I can still work up an envy for someone who has faith. I can see how that could be a deeply soothing experience."
  96. Klady, Leonard (March 7, 1994). "AFI's Nicholson fete an evening of shades". Daily Variety. p. 6.
  97. "Nicholson And Fonda Join California Hall of Fame". December 3, 2008.
  98. "The California Museum's California Hall of Fame Fact Sheet". California Museum.
  99. Alloway, Kristen (May 3, 2010). "Jack Nicholson, Susan Sarandon are among 15 inducted into N.J. Hall of Fame". NJ.com. Retrieved May 5, 2017.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
  100. "Some Wisdom from Jack... and Binder!" BlogDailyHerald. June 3, 2011.

Bibliography
  • Duncan, Paul (2003). Stanley Kubrick: The Complete Films. Taschen GmbH. ISBN 978-3-8365-2775-0.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.