James Dunn (actor)

James Howard Dunn (November 2, 1901 – September 1, 1967), billed as Jimmy Dunn in his early career,[1] was an American stage, film, and television actor, and vaudeville performer. The son of a New York stockbroker, he initially worked in his father's firm but was more interested in theater. He landed jobs as an extra in short films produced by Paramount Pictures in its Long Island studio, and also performed with several stock theater companies, culminating with playing the male lead in the 1929 Broadway musical Sweet Adeline. This performance attracted the attention of film studio executives, and in 1931, Fox Film signed him to a Hollywood contract.

James Dunn
20th Century Fox studio portrait of Dunn,
c. mid-1940s
Born
James Howard Dunn

(1901-11-02)November 2, 1901
Manhattan, New York, U.S.
DiedSeptember 1, 1967(1967-09-01) (aged 65)
Santa Monica, California
OccupationActor, vaudeville performer
Years active1927–1966
Spouse(s)
    [unknown]
    (
    div. 1922)
      ​
      (
      m. 1938; div. 1943)
        Edna Rush
        (
        m. 1945⁠–⁠1967)
        (his death)

        His screen debut in the 1931 film Bad Girl made him an overnight box-office star and he was cast as the lead in a succession of romantic drama and comedy films. In 1934, he co-starred with Shirley Temple in her first three films. In 1935, at the height of his popularity, he broke his studio contract two years before it expired and became a free agent. With musicals on the wane in the late 1930s, he was cast in a series of B movies and began struggling with alcoholism in his personal life. In 1945, having not worked for a major studio for five years, he was selected by director Elia Kazan for the role of Johnny Nolan, the dreamy alcoholic father in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945), which earned him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

        The Oscar did not advance his film career, however, and while he still found roles in Broadway productions, he became a character actor on television. He had a regular role in the hit sitcom It's a Great Life from 1954 to 1956, and guest-starred in dozens of episodes of popular television series from the 1950s through mid-1960s. In 1960, his contributions to film and television were recognized with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

        Early life

        James Howard Dunn was born on November 2, 1901, in Manhattan.[2] His parents, Ralph H. Dunn (c. 1875–1943), a member of the New York Stock Exchange,[3] and mother Jessie L. Archer (c. 1871–1946)[4] had married in January 1901.[5] He was their only child.[4] He was of Irish descent.[6][7]

        At age 4, while wintering with his parents at Shippan Point, Connecticut, the four-year-old Dunn had a near-accident reported in The New York Times when a bulldog belonging to his babysitter lunged at him. He was unhurt.[8] Dunn grew up in New Rochelle, New York, and attended school there.[9] He often skipped high school classes to hang around film studios in the upper Bronx.[10]

        Early film and stage career

        After graduation, Dunn tried his hand at sales, selling lunch wagons and also becoming an automobile demonstrator.[9][11] He worked for three years in his father's brokerage firm.[1] But his real love was the theater.[12] In 1927 he left his father's employ to join a small theatrical troupe.[1] He later said in a 1934 interview: "I wasn't at all sure I'd be a hit, or even an actor good enough to obtain reasonably steady work. But that didn't make a lot of difference. I could not see any other career and I knew I wouldn't be happy unless I tried it".[13] He also sought out jobs as an extra in short films at Paramount Pictures' Long Island studios.[11] He joined a stock theater company out of Englewood, New Jersey, for a 37-week engagement, and performed with another company, the Permanent Players, at the Playhouse Theatre in Winnipeg, Canada, for a 22-week run.[1][14][15] With the latter troupe, he was said to be "highly popular" among theatre-goers for his "pleasing, breezy personality".[16] Upon his return to New York, he landed the male lead in the 1929 Broadway musical Sweet Adeline, opposite Helen Morgan.[1]

        Success in Hollywood
        Dunn and Sally Eilers in Bad Girl

        Dunn's Broadway performance attracted the attention of film studio executives.[12] In 1931, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), which conducted its screen tests at Fox Film's Astoria Studios in Queens, New York, called Dunn in for a screen test. A Fox Film employee asked if they could also test Dunn, and had him read a scene from the stage production of Bad Girl. While MGM was not impressed with their result, Fox director Frank Borzage liked Dunn's screen test and wanted to cast him in his upcoming film version of Bad Girl.[17] Dunn signed a film contract with Fox a few days later and relocated to Hollywood;[12][17] his mother came to live with him the following year.[4][1]

        Dunn made his screen debut in Bad Girl (1931),[18] which catapulted him and co-star Sally Eilers to "overnight fame".[12] A Baltimore Evening Sun review wrote: "Without Dunn, Bad Girl would be just another movie. With him, it's something that provokes chuckles, tears, laughs, sighs and everything else that a nice little movie hopes to provoke".[19] The Los Angeles Times called Dunn's star turn "triumphant", asserting that "no performance has lately equaled the impression made by this rather plain young man, who, aside from having a likable personality, scores a major hit by his ability as an actor".[20]

        Within a year Dunn was considered "one of the top 10 box office draws".[7] Dunn and Eilers were re-teamed in Over the Hill (1931), Dance Team (1932), Sailor's Luck (1933), and Hold Me Tight (1933).[1][21] Dunn also played the lead in Sob Sister (1931), Society Girl (1932), and Hello, Sister! (1933).[1] By the end of 1933, he was being referred to as "America's boy friend".[22]

        Shirley Temple co-star
        Dunn and Shirley Temple in a publicity photo for Bright Eyes (1934)

        In 1934, Dunn appeared in seven films for Fox. Three of them were also the first three film appearances of six-year-old Shirley Temple.[23] In Stand Up and Cheer!, Dunn and Temple play a father and daughter who perform in one song-and-dance sequence.[24][25] Rather than have the young girl learn a new routine, the producers had Temple teach Dunn the steps to a tap-dance routine she had learned in her dancing school.[26] Their memorable performance prompted studio executives to immediately cast them in a follow-up film, Baby Take a Bow, a remake of the 1928 silent film Square Crooks.[27] Temple again plays Dunn's daughter in this film, whose title was the name of Dunn and Temple's song in Stand Up and Cheer![28][29] Their third[30] film pairing was in Bright Eyes, a vehicle specifically written for Temple and co-starring Dunn as a bachelor pilot and friend of Temple's deceased father who seeks to adopt her. Temple sings "On the Good Ship Lollipop" aboard Dunn's character's airplane in this film.[12] Later that same year, Temple was cast in a small part as Dunn's neighbor in Change of Heart.[31]

        Dunn and Temple worked well together. Temple later said that the day they began shooting their first film "was the start of my great romance with Jimmy Dunn".[32][lower-alpha 1] She also appreciated the fact that Dunn treated her as a peer.[33][34] Dunn admitted that he was initially worried about playing opposite Temple, saying: "All actors dislike working with children. The kids usually steal most of your scenes, or run away with the picture entirely".[34] Despite this, he admired Temple's professionalism and professed to being one of her fans.[34][35] Temple received top billing in each of their films, and her career soon eclipsed his.[28][35]

        Career decline

        During his five years as a contract player with Fox, Dunn appeared in 30 films.[36] In 1935, at the height of his popularity, Dunn broke his studio contract two years before its expiration. He was about to start filming a remake of The Song and Dance Man, but the project was shelved due to Fox's merger with Twentieth Century Pictures. Dunn claimed he was "dissatisfied with pictures recently given me – except those with Shirley Temple".[37] He was reportedly reimbursed for the remainder of his contract.[37]

        With musicals on the wane in the late 1930s, Dunn's career slumped as he was cast in a series of "mediocre comedies and melodramas".[23][12] His prospects were also hurt by his growing problem with alcoholism.[23] During the filming of George White's 1935 Scandals, shooting started in the late morning to accommodate Dunn and other members of the cast who frequently imbibed.[38][39] Dunn began to be regarded as "unemployable" by the major film studios.[36][40]

        In 1940, Dunn returned to Broadway for an 87-week run[41] in the hit musical Panama Hattie with Ethel Merman, to positive reviews.[7][12]

        Academy Award winner
        Publicity photo of Dunn as Johnny Nolan in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945)

        Dunn had not worked for a major studio for five years when he was called in to screen-test for the role of Johnny Nolan, the dreamy alcoholic father in the 20th Century Fox production A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1945).[10][42] Dunn had returned to Hollywood in 1944 to seek film roles but had not applied for this part for fear of another rejection.[7] However, a friend, actress and dancer Gloria Grafton, urged casting directors involved in the extensive talent search to hire him.[7][43] Director Elia Kazan said he chose Dunn for the role because drinking had impacted the actor's career, and because he saw "a trace of pain in Dunn's face that indicated he had 'failed the test of life' and [Kazan] wanted to bring that 'pain' to the screen".[44] Dunn reportedly drew from his own experiences for his characterization.[36]

        Critics widely hailed Dunn's performance as his "finest".[12] The Pittsburgh Sun-Telegraph wrote: "Mr. Dunn's Johnny Nolan has the mark of greatness about it, and he has never done before, nor ever will again, anything of more sublime conviction".[45] Bosley Crowther of The New York Times commended the strong screen chemistry achieved by Dunn and Peggy Ann Garner, who played his daughter Francie:

        Little Miss Garner, with her plain face and lank hair, is Francie Nolan to the life. And James Dunn plays her father, Johnny Nolan, with deep and sympathetic tenderness. In the radiant performance by these two actors of a dreamy adoration between father and child is achieved a pictorial demonstration of emotion that is sublimely eloquent.[46]

        At the 18th Academy Awards ceremony, Dunn won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance.[47]

        Winning the Oscar, however, did not revive his film prospects. While Dunn did not raise his price, acting jobs were slow in coming.[48][49] He returned to the role of an alcoholic father in Killer McCoy (1947) opposite Mickey Rooney, to complimentary reviews.[12][50][51] His last film performance for nearly a decade was in the short film A Wonderful Life (1951), produced for the Christian film industry.[52] Dunn appeared in four films in the 1960s, including another role as an alcoholic in The Bramble Bush (1960).[12]

        Return to the stage

        In 1947, largely on the basis of his performance in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Dunn was cast as Jamie Tyrone, a man who resorted to drink to forget his unhappy past, in Eugene O'Neill's semi-autobiographical play A Moon for the Misbegotten.[23] Considered the "name" actor in the production, Dunn was given a run-of-the-play contract and $1,000 per week, compared to the $750 per week salary of fellow performer J. M. Kerrigan.[23] During rehearsals, O'Neill was dissatisfied with Dunn's portrayal of Tyrone, a character based on O'Neill's brother, claiming that Dunn "wasn't playing the role with enough gentlemanliness". The director defended Dunn's interpretation of the script.[53] Meanwhile, Dunn felt out of his league playing tragedy rather than comedy. He had never seen an O'Neill play and said his wife had persuaded him to take the part for the "prestige".[54] The production budget was increased by 10% to enable dress rehearsals to take place in New York rather than in the first out-of-town tryout in Columbus, Ohio, in order to accommodate Dunn's poor health.[55] While Dunn's performance garnered critical praise on the tour,[56] he left the production before it reached Broadway.[12]

        In 1948,[12] Dunn succeeded James Stewart in Harvey, appearing in 108 performances of the long-running Broadway play.[57] In 1951, Dunn played Willy Loman in Death of a Salesman at the Norwich Summer Theater.[12] In 1964, he played the title role in Finian's Rainbow in a 2-week summer engagement at the Melodyland Theatre in Anaheim, California.[58]

        Television career

        In 1949, Dunn pursued a new direction as a character actor on television.[48] He guest-starred in dozens of episodes of popular television series in the 1950s through mid-1960s, including Bonanza, Rawhide, Route 66, Ben Casey, and The Virginian.[59][60] He had a regular role in the popular sitcom It's a Great Life, which aired 78 episodes from 1954 to 1956.[61] Dunn played Earl Morgan, the deadbeat brother-in-law of the main character, Amy Morgan (Frances Bavier), who was always concocting get-rich-quick schemes to interest Amy's tenants, Steve Connors (William Bishop) and Denny Davis (Michael O'Shea).[62] The three male comedians had good rapport and often ad-libbed their lines.[48][63] The role required Dunn to play slapstick, which he had only done previously on stage.[64]

        In 1962, Dunn played a clown in full makeup and costume in an episode of Follow the Sun, and sang "On the Good Ship Lollipop" from his 1934 film Bright Eyes.[65] In 1963 he played the character of P. J. Cunningham, the manager-driver for a music band led by Bobby Rydell, in the unsold Desilu half-hour television pilot Swingin' Together.[66]

        Screen persona and recognition
        Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame honoring Dunn's contributions to television

        Dunn's smile, described as "sunny",[67] "whimsical",[68] "infectious",[69] and "winning",[43] was often singled out as an asset.[70] The Arcadia Tribune claimed Dunn's smile was "patterned after the one the Prince of Wales uses".[68]

        In his Hollywood heyday in the 1930s, Dunn was noted for his "clean-cut good looks and boyish charm".[11] As he matured, The New York Times described Dunn's "trademark" as an "expression of slightly battered wistfulness".[12] The Associated Press characterized Dunn's later screen persona as "a well-meaning type of fellow whom women marry to mother".[36]

        Dunn was honored with two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame—one for his contributions to motion pictures at 6555 Hollywood Boulevard, and one for his contributions to television at 7010 Hollywood Boulevard. Both were dedicated on February 8, 1960.[71]

        Personal life
        Dunn at the Lakeside Golf Club in Burbank

        Even after his rise to stardom, Dunn was described as "unaffected and friendly".[14] On the set of Hold Me Tight (1933), he insisted on filling in for an extra who was going home sick and who had confided to Dunn that he couldn't afford to lose his day's pay of $7.50.[72] Author Pete Haynes, a Malibu, California, resident who played with Dunn's adopted son, Billy Pick, in the 1950s, remembers Dunn as "down to earth and friendly toward every person he came in contact with".[73][74]

        Dunn's sense of humor was often evident. To commemorate the leap year of 1936, he announced a $50 prize to the woman who could send him the best proposal, with a $25 prize for the runner-up.[75][76] He received a total of 10,000 submissions and awarded first prize to a 20-year-old native of Oklahoma, who wrote him a four-page poem.[77] An Associated Press wire photo showed the two sharing a toast at Dunn's studio in January 1937.[78] Dunn awarded the second prize to a woman from Fort Beaufort, South Africa, and sent runner-up gifts to three other American women.[77]

        When he was not working, Dunn enjoyed playing golf and flying his airplane.[1][79] He earned a pilot's license shortly after his arrival in California,[11] having received training from Bob Blair, a charter pilot at Los Angeles Municipal Airport, who described him as "ultra-conservative" in the air.[80] By 1940, Dunn had logged 750 flying hours.[41] While under contract to Fox, however, the studio forbade him from participating in the 1935 Ruth Chatterton Air Derby.[81]

        Marriages
        Dunn and Gifford in the cockpit of his airplane, 1937

        Dunn was married three times. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1922.[82] On Christmas Day 1937, Dunn and his fiancée, 19-year-old actress Frances Gifford, flew in his plane to Yuma, Arizona, to be married in a Presbyterian church there and afterwards returned to Hollywood.[83] The couple later starred together in Mercy Plane (1939) and Hold That Woman! (1940).[40] The marriage failed in 1942 as Dunn's career was in decline and he was struggling with alcoholism;[84] their divorce was finalized in 1943.[82] In 1945 Dunn married his third wife, singer Edna Rush,[82] who survived him.[10] Dunn adopted Rush's three-and-a-half-year-old son Billy.[36]

        Finances

        In the 1930s, Dunn's weekly earnings were in the thousands of dollars; he also charged $5,000 for a personal appearance tour. His mother took charge of his finances and invested most of his earnings in stocks, bonds, real estate, and trust funds, giving him a weekly allowance.[79][85] As a result, after Dunn left Fox and his career slumped, he had financial security. Upon his 1938 marriage, Dunn's mother gave him control of his portfolio.[79] Thereafter Dunn lost a $40,000 option on a play, Cock of the Walk, that failed to reach Broadway,[12][86] as well as thousands of dollars in the stock market.[87] He was forced to sell his $50,000 house[14] and move to a two-bedroom apartment in Malibu, from where he commuted to Hollywood.[87] In October 1951, he filed for bankruptcy.[12] However, his mother had reserved one trust fund for him which matured when he turned 50 and paid out $900 per month for life.[79]

        Death

        Dunn died on September 1, 1967,[88] aged 65, from complications following stomach surgery at Santa Monica Hospital.[10] His funeral service in Santa Monica was attended by some 200 people, including fellow actors.[89] His body was cremated and his ashes strewn at sea.[89]

        Filmography
        Dunn and Boots Mallory in Hello, Sister! (1933)
        Dunn and Janet Gaynor in Change of Heart (1934)
        (L. to r.) Arline Judge, Dunn, and Rosina Lawrence in Welcome Home (1935)
        Dunn and Frances Gifford in Hold That Woman! (1940)
        Dunn and Mona Freeman in That Brennan Girl (1946)
        Dunn and Richard Burton in The Bramble Bush (1960)
        Film
        Year Title Role Notes
        1929 In the Nick of Time Short, as Jimmy Dunn
        1930 Believe It or Not Reporter Short, uncredited
        Barefoot Days Short
        Tom Thumbs Down Short, as Jimmy Dunn
        The Varsity Show Short, as Jimmy Dunn
        1931 Bad Girl Eddie Collins
        Sob Sister Garry Webster
        Over the Hill Johnny Shelby (as adult)
        1932 Society Girl Johnny Malone
        Dance Team Jimmy Mulligan
        Handle with Care Bill Gordon
        1933 Hold Me Tight Chuck Evans
        Hello, Sister! Jimmy
        The Girl in 419 Dr. Daniel French
        Sailor's Luck Jimmy Fenimore Harrigan
        Arizona to Broadway Smiley
        Jimmy and Sally Jimmy O'Connor
        Take a Chance Duke Stanley
        1934 Baby Take a Bow Eddie Ellison
        Have a Heart Jimmie Flaherty
        Bright Eyes James 'Loop' Merritt
        365 Nights in Hollywood Jimmie Dale
        Hold That Girl Barney Sullivan
        Stand Up and Cheer! Jimmy Dugan
        Change of Heart Mack McGowan
        1935 George White's 1935 Scandals Eddie Taylor
        Welcome Home Richard Foster
        The Payoff Joe McCoy
        The Daring Young Man Don McLane
        Bad Boy Eddie Nolan
        1936 Two-Fisted Gentleman Mickey
        Don't Get Personal Bob McDonald
        Come Closer, Folks Jim Keene
        Hearts in Bondage Lieutenant Kenneth Reynolds
        Mysterious Crossing Addison Francis Murphy
        1937 We Have Our Moments John Wade
        Venus Makes Trouble Buzz Martin
        Living on Love Gary Martin
        1938 Shadows Over Shanghai Johnny McGinty
        1939 Mercy Plane "Speed" Leslie
        Pride of the Navy Speed Brennan
        1940 Hold That Woman! Jimmy Parker
        Son of the Navy Malone
        1942 The Living Ghost Nick Trayne
        1943 The Ghost and the Guest Webster Frye
        1944 Leave It to the Irish Terry Moran
        Government Girl Sergeant Joe Bates
        1945 The Caribbean Mystery Smith
        A Tree Grows in Brooklyn Johnny Nolan Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
        1946 That Brennan Girl Denny Reagan
        1947 Killer McCoy Brian McCoy
        1948 Texas, Brooklyn & Heaven Mike
        1950 The Golden Gloves Story Joe Riley
        1951 A Wonderful Life Henry Wood
        1960 The Bramble Bush Stew Schaeffer
        1962 Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man Telegrapher
        1966 The Oscar Network executive
        1968 Shadow Over Elveron Luke Travers Television movie

        Source:[90]

        TV
        Year Title Role Notes
        1948 The Chevrolet Tele-Theatre Cassidy Episode: "No Shoes"[91]
        1951 The Garry Moore Evening Show Guest appearance October 24, 1951
        Acted out a scene from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn with Margaret O'Brien[92]
        1954–1956 It's a Great Life Earl Morgan 76 episodes
        1954 Schlitz Playhouse of Stars Bookkeeper Episode: "The Treasure of Santo Domingo"[93]
        1955 Studio One Bookkeeper Episode: "A Picture in the Paper"[94]
        Schlitz Playhouse of Stars Coach Dan McLain Episode: "Nothing to Do Until Next Fall"[95]
        1956 Climax! Eldon Abernathy Episode: "The Secret of River Lane"[96]
        1957 The Red Skelton Show Guest appearance January 29, 1957[97]
        Climax! Episode: "Keep Me in Mind"[98]
        1958 Wanted Dead or Alive Gabe 1 episode
        The Nine Lives of Elfego Baca J. Henry Newman Several episodes[99]
        1959 Bonanza Danny 1 episode
        Rawhide Flood 1 episode
        1960 Route 66 Van Carter 2 episodes
        1962 The Virginian Congressman 1 episode
        Wagon Train Winslow 1 episode
        Follow the Sun Clown Episode: "Run, Clown, Run"[65][100]
        1963 The Fugitive Bragan Episode: "Decision in the Ring"[101]
        Swingin' Together P. J. Cunningham Unsold TV pilot[66]
        1965 Branded Manning 1 episode

        Source:[59]

        Notes
        1. On an October 25, 1988, segment of Larry King Live, Temple said that as a child she had wanted to marry Dunn.[33]
        gollark: Aren't they in Australia?
        gollark: (But it would be totally possible to ban E2EE chat apps from stores)
        gollark: (Obviously they can't entirely ban it)
        gollark: It also seems to function as a plausibly deniable way to ban end to end encryption (it never mentions it explicitly but does have a mechanism to force technology companies to make their service amenable to centralised monitoring).
        gollark: The UK government is also working on the incredibly ææææ "online safety bill", which obliges online things to ban "harmful content" (not illegal, "harmful").

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        78. "Oklahoma Girl Wins Leap Year Proposal Contest". Miami Daily News-Record. January 24, 1937. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
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        80. "Actors Adept as Flying Students". The Salt Lake Tribune. January 5, 1936. p. 36 – via Newspapers.com.
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        83. Associated Press (December 26, 1937). "Film Actors Fly to Yuma For Christmas Marriage". The San Bernardino Sun. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
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        85. "Mother of Actor James Dunn Dies". Times-News. May 31, 1946. p. 1 – via Newspapers.com.
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        87. Belser, Emily (September 12, 1954). "James Dunn Turning to TV To Try to Recoup Fortune". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.
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        92. Ellenberger 2015, p. 202.
        93. "James Dunn on TV: New Crime Program On Radio". Tucson Citizen. June 11, 1954. p. 20 – via Newspapers.com.
        94. "'Studio One' Will Star James Dunn". The Tribune (Coshocton, Ohio). May 7, 1955. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
        95. "James Dunn Plays on 'Playhouse of Stars'". Marshfield News-Herald. October 22, 1955. p. 11 – via Newspapers.com.
        96. "'Chrysler presents Climax!' – Season 2 (CBS) (1955-56)". The Classic TV Archive. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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        98. "TV's Father of Year Tutors Ernie Ford". Dayton Daily News. November 7, 1957. p. 59 – via Newspapers.com.
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        Bibliography
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