Hill station

A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than the nearby plain or valley. The term was used mostly in colonial Asia (particularly India), but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonial rulers as refuges from the summer heat, up where temperatures are cooler. In the Indian context, most hill stations are at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft); very few are outside this range.

"Summer resort" redirects here. For a children's summer holiday resort, see summer camp. For summer resorts in Canada, see cottage country. For resort hotels and resort towns in general, see resort.

History

Under British empire in India

Hill stations in India were established for a variety of reasons. One of the first reasons in the early 1800s, was for the place to act as a sanitorium for the ailing family members of the British rulers.[1] After the revolt of 1857 the "British sought further distance from what they saw as a disease-ridden land by escape to the Himalayas in the north. Other factors included anxieties about the dangers of life in India, among them "fear of degeneration brought on by too long residence in a debilitating land." The hill stations were meant to reproduce the home country, illustrated in Lord Lytton's statement about Ootacamund, in the 1870s, "such beautiful English rain, such delicious English mud."[2] Shimla was officially made the "summer capital of India" in the 1860s and hill stations "served as vital centers of political and military power, especially after the 1857 revolt."[3][4]

Dane Kennedy, following Monika Bührlein, identifies three stages in the evolution of hill stations in India: high refuge, high refuge to hill station, and hill station to town. The first settlements started in the 1820s, primarily as sanitoria. In the 1840s and 1850s, there was a wave of new hill stations, with the main impetus being "places to rest and recuperate from the arduous life on the plains". In the second half of the 19th century, there was a period of consolidation with few new hill stations. In the final phase, "hill stations reached their zenith in the late nineteenth century. The political importance of the official stations was underscored by the inauguration of large and costly public-building projects."[3]:14

List of hill stations
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Most hill stations, listed by region:

Africa

Madagascar
Antsirabe, Madagascar

Morocco
Ifrane, Morocco.

Nigeria

Uganda

Americas

Brazil

Costa Rica

United States

Asia

Bangladesh
Bandarban District, Bangladesh.

Cambodia

China
Hong Kong

Cyprus
Platres, Cyprus

India

Hundreds of hill stations are located in India. The most popular hill stations include:

A beautiful sunrise scene at Munnar.
Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
Tea plantations in Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
Hill View (Munnar - Kerala)

Indonesia
Puncak, West Java, Indonesia

Iraq
Amadiya in Northern Iraq.

Jordan

Malaysia
Genting Highlands, a hill station founded after the independence of Malaysia.
Cameron Highlands, Malaysia.

Myanmar

Nepal
Village of Namche Bazaar in Nepal

Pakistan
Murree, Pakistan's most popular hill station

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Punjab

Sindh

Balochistan

Gilgit Baltistan

Philippines
Baguio, Philippines

Sri Lanka
Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka

Syria
Bloudan, Syria

Vietnam
Da Lat, Vietnam

Oceania

Australia
Mount Macedon, Victoria
Bardon, Queensland
Victoria
South Australia
Queensland
Western Australia
New South Wales
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See also

References
  1. Dane Keith Kennedy (1996). The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the britishBritishRaj. University of California Press. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-520-20188-0.
  2. Barbara D. Metcalf; Thomas R. Metcalf (2002). A Concise History of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-521-63974-3.
  3. Kennedy, Dane (1996). The Magic Mountains: Hill Stations and the British Raj. Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved 19 Aug 2014.
  4. Vipin Pubby (1996). Shimla Then and Now. Indus Publishing. pp. 17–34. ISBN 978-81-7387-046-0. Retrieved 16 August 2013.

Bibliography
External video
Booknotes interview with Barbara Crossette on The Great Hill Stations of Asia, August 23, 1998, C-SPAN
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