Gunjala Gondi Lipi

The Gunjala Gondi lipi or Gunjala Gondi script is a script used to write the Gondi language, a Dravidian language spoken by the Gond people of northern Telangana, eastern Maharashtra, southeastern Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh.[1] Approximately a dozen manuscripts in the script were recovered from Gunjala, a Gond village in Adilabad district of Telangana by a team of researchers from the University of Hyderabad, led by Professor Jayadheer Tirumala Rao.[2] The script and preliminary font were unveiled in early 2014.[3]

Gunjala Gondi Lipi
"Gondi Lipi" written in Gunjala Gondi script
Type
LanguagesGondi
Time period
c. 1750-Present
Parent systems
Proto-Sinaitic alphabet [a]
Sister systems
Unknown, thought to be similar to Devanagari and Modi
DirectionLeft-to-right
ISO 15924Gong, 312
Unicode alias
Gunjala Gondi
Unicode range
U+11D60–U+11DAF
[a] The Semitic origin of the Brahmic scripts is not universally agreed upon.
[b] The exact lineage of the Gunjala Gondi script is a subject of ongoing research, and no lineage has yet been officiated by linguistic authorities.

History of Manuscripts

The manuscripts have been dated to approximately Year 1750, based on knowledge from Gondi pundits and researchers at the Center of Dalit and Adivasi Studies and Translation (CDAST).[4] The information contained in the manuscripts includes that of the names of the months and days, a horoscope chart, grammar, and numbers. Additionally, manuscripts were found on "knowledge of the seasons, history, and the Gondi code of ethics and literature." Of the historical information that has been discovered, the following cases have been reported: the 6th-7th century trade relationship between the Pardhan community and civilizations in Myanmar; the origins of the Indravelli mandal; the early eighteenth century rebellions of the Chandrapur Gond kings against the British, with the support of the Rohilla community, all of this among other pieces of information.

Characters

The characters themselves, while bearing resemblance to similar phonemes found in other Indian scripts, are in a different, "native" order, as the script starts with the letter "ya" instead of the traditional "ka" for other Indian scripts. The script includes 12 vowels and 25 consonants.[5]

Response to discovery, education, and spread

The script has seen a very welcoming response by the various government agencies in Andhra Pradesh, at the national level, and local agencies in the region.[6] The existence of the manuscripts has allegedly been known for 5–9 years, but were not prioritized until 2013, when Prof. Jayadheer Tirumala Rao discovered that only four elders in the village were still able to read the script. Currently, approximately eighty students are able to read the script, with students devising stories and elder Kotnak Jangu writing an autobiography. Plans are in place for the expansion of the script to fifteen other government schools in villages with a high Gond population. A reader for the script in Telugu was released for Standard I students.[7] Efforts are being undertaken to get the script into the Unicode standard. In 2015, a Unicode proposal was written by Anshuman Pandey from the Department of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley.[8] The proposal was approved by the Unicode Technical Committee in November 2015.[9]

Unicode
Main article: Gunjala Gondi (Unicode block)

The Gunjala Gondi script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2018 with the release of version 11.0.[10]

The Unicode block for Gunjala Gondi is U+11D60–U+11DAF and it contains 63 characters:

Gunjala Gondi[1][2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+11D6x 𑵠 𑵡 𑵢 𑵣 𑵤 𑵥 𑵧 𑵨 𑵪 𑵫 𑵬 𑵭 𑵮 𑵯
U+11D7x 𑵰 𑵱 𑵲 𑵳 𑵴 𑵵 𑵶 𑵷 𑵸 𑵹 𑵺 𑵻 𑵼 𑵽 𑵾 𑵿
U+11D8x 𑶀 𑶁 𑶂 𑶃 𑶄 𑶅 𑶆 𑶇 𑶈 𑶉 𑶊 𑶋 𑶌 𑶍 𑶎
U+11D9x 𑶐 𑶑 𑶓 𑶔 𑶕 𑶖  𑶗  𑶘
U+11DAx 𑶠 𑶡 𑶢 𑶣 𑶤 𑶥 𑶦 𑶧 𑶨 𑶩
Notes
1.^ As of Unicode version 13.0
2.^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points
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See also

References
  1. Vadlamudi, Swathi (2019-02-05). "Almanac in a near-extinct Adivasi script". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2019-02-16.
  2. Singh, S. Harpal. "Chance discovery of Gondi script opens new vistas of tribal culture". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  3. "Gondi script and font unveiled". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  4. Singh, S. Harpal. "Gondi manuscript translation to reveal Gondwana history". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  5. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-05-28. Retrieved 2014-05-27.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. "He Gave Colour to a Fading Script". New Indian Express. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  7. "Telugu reader for Gondi language released". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 January 2017.
  8. "Proposal to encode the Gunjala Gondi script in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 2017-09-09.
  9. "UTC 145 Draft Minutes". Unicode.org. Retrieved 2016-04-27.
  10. "Unicode 11.0.0". Unicode Consortium. June 5, 2018. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
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