Psalter Pahlavi
Psalter Pahlavi is a cursive abjad which was used for writing Middle Persian on paper, it is thus described as one of the Pahlavi scripts.[1] It was written right to left, usually with spaces between words.[1]
Psalter Pahlavi | |
---|---|
![]() Sample of text taken from the Cross of Herat | |
Type | |
Languages | Middle Persian |
Time period | Mid-6th to 7th century CE |
Parent systems | Aramaic alphabet
|
Direction | Right-to-left |
ISO 15924 | Phlp, 132 |
Unicode alias | Psalter Pahlavi |
Unicode range | U+10B80–U+10BAF |
It takes its name from the Pahlavi Psalter, part of the Psalms translated from Syriac to Middle Persian and found in what is now western China.[2]
Letters
Name[lower-alpha 1] | Image | Text | IPA[3] |
---|---|---|---|
Aleph | ![]() |
𐮀 | /a/, /aː/ |
Beth | ![]() |
𐮁 | /b/, /w/ |
Gimel | ![]() |
𐮂 | /g/, /j/ |
Daleth | ![]() |
𐮃 | /d/, /j/ |
He | ![]() |
𐮄 | /h/ |
Waw-Ayin-Resh | ![]() |
𐮅 | /w/, /ʔ/, /r/ |
Zayin | ![]() |
𐮆 | /z/ |
Heth | ![]() |
𐮇 | /h/, /x/ |
Yodh | ![]() |
𐮈 | /j/, /ē̆/, /ī̆/, /d͡ʒ/ |
Kaph | ![]() |
𐮉 | /k/, /g/ |
Lamedh | ![]() |
𐮊 | /l/, /r/ |
Mem-Qoph | ![]() |
𐮋 | /m/, /q/ |
Nun | ![]() |
𐮌 | /n/ |
Samekh | ![]() |
𐮍 | /s/, /h/ |
Pe | ![]() |
𐮎 | /p/, /b/, /f/ |
Sadhe | ![]() |
𐮏 | /t͡ʃ/, /d͡ʒ/, /z/ |
Shin | ![]() |
𐮐 | /ʃ/ |
Taw | ![]() |
𐮑 | /t/, /d/ |
Punctuation
Four different large section-ending punctuation marks were used:
Mark | Description | |
---|---|---|
Image | Text | |
![]() | 𐮙 | Section mark |
![]() | 𐮚 | Turned section mark |
![]() | 𐮛 | Four dots with cross |
![]() | 𐮜 | Four dots with dot |
Numbers
Psalter Pahlavi had its own numerals:
Value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 10 | 20 | 100 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sign | Image | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Text | 𐮩 | 𐮪 | 𐮫 | 𐮬 | 𐮭 | 𐮮 | 𐮯 |
Some numerals have joining behavior (with both numerals and letters).[1] Numbers are written right-to-left. Numbers without corresponding numerals are additive. For example, 96 is written as 𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮮𐮭𐮫𐮫 (20 + 20 + 20 + 20 + 10 + 3 + 3).[1]
Unicode block
Psalter Pahlavi script was added to the Unicode Standard in June, 2014 with the release of version 7.0.
The Unicode block is U+10B80–U+10BAF:
Psalter Pahlavi[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
U+10B8x | 𐮀 | 𐮁 | 𐮂 | 𐮃 | 𐮄 | 𐮅 | 𐮆 | 𐮇 | 𐮈 | 𐮉 | 𐮊 | 𐮋 | 𐮌 | 𐮍 | 𐮎 | 𐮏 |
U+10B9x | 𐮐 | 𐮑 | 𐮙 | 𐮚 | 𐮛 | 𐮜 | ||||||||||
U+10BAx | 𐮩 | 𐮪 | 𐮫 | 𐮬 | 𐮭 | 𐮮 | 𐮯 | |||||||||
Notes |
Notes
- The names are based on the corresponding Imperial Aramaic characters
References
- Everson, Michael; Pournader, Roozbeh (2011-05-06). "N4040: Proposal for encoding the Psalter Pahlavi script in the SMP of the UCS" (PDF). Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2.
- Encyclopædia Iranica: Pahlavi Psalter
- Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, eds. (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, Inc. pp. 518. ISBN 978-0195079937.