FIFA Club World Cup

The FIFA Club World Cup is an international men's association football competition organised by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body. The competition was first contested in 2000 as the FIFA Club World Championship. It was not held from 2001 to 2004 due to a combination of factors, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure (ISL), but since 2005 it has been held every year, and has been hosted by Brazil, Japan, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco and Qatar. Views differ as to the cup's prestige: it struggles to attract interest in most of Europe, and is the object of heated debate in Brazil and Argentina.

This article is about the club football competition. For the competition among national teams, see FIFA World Cup.
This article is about the men's competition. For the proposed women's competition, see FIFA Women's Club World Cup.

FIFA Club World Cup
Founded2000 (2000)
RegionInternational (FIFA)
Number of teams7 (from 6 confederations)
Current champions Liverpool
(1st title)
Most successful club(s) Real Madrid (4 titles)
Television broadcastersList of broadcasters
Websitewww.fifa.com/clubworldcup/
2020 FIFA Club World Cup

The first FIFA Club World Championship took place in Brazil in 2000. It ran in parallel with the Intercontinental Cup, a competition played by the winners of the UEFA Champions League and the Copa Libertadores, from 2000 to 2004, with the champions of each tournament both recognised (in 2017) by FIFA as club world champions. In 2005, the Intercontinental Cup was merged with the FIFA Club World Championship, and in 2006, the tournament was renamed as the FIFA Club World Cup. The winner of the Club World Cup receives the FIFA Club World Cup trophy and a FIFA World Champions certificate.

The current format of the tournament involves seven teams competing for the title at venues within the host nation over a period of about two weeks; the winners of that year's AFC Champions League (Asia), CAF Champions League (Africa), CONCACAF Champions League (North America), Copa Libertadores (South America), OFC Champions League (Oceania) and UEFA Champions League (Europe), along with the host nation's national champions, participate in a straight knock-out tournament. The host nation's national champions contest a play-off against the Oceania champions, from which the winner joins the champions of Asia, Africa and North America in the quarter-finals. The quarter-final winners go on to face the European and South American champions, who enter at the semi-final stage, for a place in the final.

Real Madrid hold the record for most victories, winning the competition four times. Corinthians' inaugural victory remains the best result from a host nation's national league champions. Teams from Spain have won the tournament seven times, the most for any nation.

The current world champions are England's Liverpool, who defeated Brazil's Flamengo 1–0 after extra time in the final of the 2019 event.

History
Las Vegas, Nevada saw the birth of the competition during FIFA's Executive Committee in December 1993

Origin
See also: Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, Copa Rio (international tournament), and Pequeña Copa del Mundo de Clubes

Although the first club tournament to be billed as the ’Football World Championship’ was held in 1887, in which Scottish Cup champions Hibernian defeated English FA Cup semi-finalists Preston North End,[1] the first attempt at creating a global club football tournament, according to FIFA, was in 1909, 21 years before the first FIFA World Cup.[2] The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy was held in Italy in 1909 and 1911, and contested by English, Italian, German and Swiss clubs.[3] English amateur team West Auckland won on both occasions.[4] The idea that FIFA should organise international club competitions dates from the beginning of the 1950s.[5] In 1951, FIFA President Jules Rimet was asked about FIFA's involvement in the Copa Rio, and he stated that it was not under FIFA's jurisdiction since it was organised and sponsored by the Brazilian Football Confederation (Confederação Brasileira de Futebol; CBF).[6] The competition was succeeded by another tournament, the Torneio Octogonal Rivadavia Corrêa Meyer, which was won by Vasco da Gama.[7] This tournament had five Brazilian sides and three foreign clubs,[8] thus losing half of its intercontinental aspect. In December 2007, FIFA turned down Palmeiras' request to recognise the tournament as a Club World Cup since the participants were limited to two continents.[9]

Estádio do Maracanã, the location of the first Club World Cup final in 2000 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Although the competition was discontinued, it was held in high regard. FIFA board members Stanley Rous and Ottorino Barassi participated personally, albeit not in their capacity as FIFA members, in the organisation of the competition in 1951.[10] Rous' role was attributed to the negotiations with European clubs, whereas Barassi helped form the framework of the competition. Commenting on Juventus' acceptance to participate in the tournament, the Italian press stated that "an Italian club could not be missing in such an important and worldwide-reaching event".[11]

Because of the difficulty the CBF found in bringing European clubs to the competition, the O Estado de S. Paulo newspaper suggested that there should be FIFA involvement in the programming of international club competitions saying that, "ideally, international tournaments, here or abroad, should be played at times set by FIFA". However, no response was received.[12] The Pequeña Copa del Mundo was a tournament held in Venezuela between 1952 and 1957, with a two short revivals in 1963 and in 1965.[13] It was usually played by four participants, half from Europe and half from South America. After the late 1950s, the tournament rapidly lost status as the pedigree of its participants decreased. This competition, along with the creation of the European Cup and the Copa Libertadores, created the groundwork of the eventual Intercontinental Cup.[13]

Obstacles to creation
We want to win the title, not so much for ourselves but to prevent Racing from being champions.

—Jock Stein, Celtic Football Club's manager, 1965–1978, commenting before the play-off match of the 1967 Intercontinental Cup known as The Battle of Montevideo; Evening Times, 3 November 1967.[14]

The Dutch team [Ajax] claimed a victory without any problems and this match was no more difficult than a banal encounter at the European Cup.

—A Dutch newspaper journalist from Amsterdam, commenting on the quality of the competition and Ajax's opponents after the 1972 Intercontinental Cup; De Telegraaf, 30 September 1972.[15]

The indifference of the fans is the only explanation for our financial failure [at the Intercontinental Cup]. It would be much better if we had gotten a friendly similar to the one we would do in Tel Aviv, on 11 January, for US$255,000.

—Dettmar Cramer, Bayern Munich's manager, 1975–1977, commenting on the low relevance, prestige and rewards of the Intercontinental Cup after his team's victory in 1976; Jornal do Brasil, 22 December 1976.[16]

See also: Tournoi de Paris, Intercontinental Cup (football), Interamerican Cup, and Afro-Asian Club Championship

The Tournoi de Paris was a competition initially meant to bring together the top teams from Europe and South America to determine a de facto "best club in the world"; it was first disputed in 1957 when Vasco da Gama, the Rio de Janeiro champions, beat host club Racing Paris in the semi-finals and beat two-time European champions Real Madrid 4–3 in the final at the Parc des Princes, the venue of Real Madrid's inaugural triumph in the European Cup.[17] The victory was lauded in Europe and South America as it was Real Madrid's first international competition as European champions that they had not managed to win.[18] Afterwards, Real Madrid secluded themselves from the competition and argued that it should be seen as a friendly tournament from then on.[19] Real Madrid recovered from this defeat to win the first Intercontinental Cup.[20][21]

The Spaniards titled themselves world champions until FIFA stepped in and objected, citing that the competition did not include any other champions from the other confederations; FIFA stated that they can only claim to be intercontinental champions of a competition played between two organisations in which no one else had the opportunity to participate.[22] FIFA stated that they would prohibit the 1961 edition to be played out unless the organisers regarded the competition as a friendly or a private match between two organisations.[23] That same year the Intercontinental Cup was first played, FIFA authorised the International Soccer League to be contested with ratification from Sir Stanley Rous, who had become the FIFA President by that point.[24]

Although FIFA hoped to eventually transform the International Soccer League into a Club World Cup, the Intercontinental Cup had attracted the interest of other continents.[25] The North and Central America confederation, CONCACAF, was created in 1961 to organise its intentions of allowing its clubs to participate in the Copa Libertadores and, by extension, the Intercontinental Cup.[26] However, their entry into both competitions was rejected. Subsequently, the CONCACAF Champions' Cup began in 1962.[27] FIFA was asked by CONMEBOL and UEFA in 1963 to make the Intercontinental Cup official; however, FIFA gave the same response as in 1960 and stated that they would only recognise the competition if the Asian and African champions were included.[28]

Due to the brutality of the Argentine and Uruguayan clubs at the Intercontinental Cup, FIFA was asked several times during the late 1960s to assess penalties and regulate the tournament.[29] However, FIFA refused each request.[30] The first of these requests was made in 1967, after a play-off match labelled The Battle of Montevideo.[31] The Scottish Football Association, via President Willie Allan, wanted FIFA to recognise the competition in order to enforce football regulation; FIFA responded that it could not regulate a competition it did not organise.[14] Allan's crusade also suffered after CONMEBOL, with the backing of its President Teofilo Salinas and the Argentine Football Association (Asociación del Fútbol Argentino; AFA), refused to allow FIFA to have any hand in the competition stating:[32]

The CSF is the entity in charge of controlling, in South America, the organisation of the tournament between the champions of Europe and [South] America, a competition FIFA considers a friendly. We do not think it's appropriate that FIFA has to meddle in the matter.

René Courte, FIFA's General Sub-Secretary, wrote an article shortly afterwards stating that FIFA viewed the competition as a "European-South American friendly match".[33] This was confirmed by Sir Stanley Rous. With the Asian and North American club competitions in place, FIFA opened the idea of supervising the competition if it included those confederations; the proposal was met with a negative response from UEFA and CONMEBOL. The 1968 and 1969 Intercontinental Cups finished in similar fashion, with Manchester United manager Matt Busby insisting that "the Argentineans should be banned from all competitive football. FIFA should really step in."[34]

In 1973, French newspaper L'Equipe, who helped bring about the birth of the European Cup,[35] volunteered to sponsor a Club World Cup contested by the champions of Europe, South America, North America and Africa, the only continental club tournaments in existence at the time; the competition was to potentially take place in Paris between September and October 1974, with an eventual final to be held at the Parc des Princes. The extreme negativity of the Europeans prevented this from happening.[36] L'Equipe tried once again in 1975 to create a Club World Cup, in which participants would have been the four semi-finalists of the European Cup, both finalists of the Copa Libertadores, as well as the African and Asian champions.[37] However, UEFA, via its president, Artemio Franchi, declined once again and the proposal failed.[38]

With the Intercontinental Cup in danger of being dissolved,[39] West Nally, a British marketing company, was hired by UEFA and CONMEBOL to find a viable solution in 1980;[40][41][42] Toyota Motor Corporation, via West Nally, took the competition under its wing and rebranded it as the Toyota Cup, a one-off match played in Japan.[43][44] Toyota invested over US$700,000 in the 1980 edition to take place in Tokyo's National Olympic Stadium, with over US$200,000 awarded to each participant.[45] The Toyota Cup, with its new format, was received with scepticism, as the sport was unfamiliar in the Far East.[46][47] However, the financial incentive was welcomed, as European and South American clubs were suffering financial difficulties.[48] To protect themselves against the possibility of European withdrawals, Toyota, UEFA and every European Cup participant signed annual contracts requiring the eventual winners of the European Cup to participate at the Intercontinental Cup, as a condition UEFA stipulated to the clubs' participation in the European Cup, or risk facing an international lawsuit from UEFA and Toyota.[49] In 1983, the English Football Association tried organising a Club World Cup to be played in 1985 and sponsored by West Nally, only to be denied by UEFA.[50]

The Interamerican Cup and the Afro-Asian Club Championship were tournaments created to allow those regions their own Club competitions, in large part due to the refusal of UEFA and CONMEBOL to allow CONCACAF, AFC and CAF clubs to compete in the Intercontinental Cup.[51]

Inauguration (2000–2001)
Manchester United see this as an opportunity to compete for the ultimate honour of being the very first world club champions.

—Martin Edwards, Manchester United's chairman, 1980–2002, commenting on the FIFA Club World Championship; British Broadcasting Corporation News, 30 June 1999.[52]

The framework of the 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was laid years in advance.[53] According to Sepp Blatter, the idea of the tournament was presented to the Executive Committee in December 1993 in Las Vegas, United States by Silvio Berlusconi, AC Milan's president.[54] Since every confederation had, by then, a stable, continental championship, FIFA felt it was prudent and relevant to have a Club World Championship tournament. Initially, there were nine candidates to host the competition: China, Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia, Tahiti, Turkey, the United States and Uruguay; of the nine, only Saudi Arabia, Mexico, Brazil and Uruguay confirmed their interest to FIFA. On 3 September 1997, FIFA selected Brazil to host the competition, which was initially scheduled to take place in 1999.[55] Manchester United legend Bobby Charlton, a pillar of England's victorious campaign in the 1966 FIFA World Cup, stated that the Club World Championship provided "a fantastic chance of becoming the first genuine world champions."[56] The competition gave away US$28 million in prize money and its TV rights, worth US$40 million, were sold to 15 broadcasters across five continents.[56] The final draw of the first Club World Championship was done on 19 October 1999 at the Copacabana Palace Hotel in Rio de Janeiro.[57]

There they were claiming that the English weren't interested in the world championship, yet the BBC sent 60 people to cover the tournament. This shows that it was the most important competition that they have taken part in in their history. They came here thinking they were going to win easily but they didn't count on the strength of Vasco. No Manchester player would get a place in the Vasco team at the moment. The Brazilians are the best players in the world, the Europeans do not even come close.

—Eurico Miranda, Vasco da Gama's vice-president, 1986–2000, commenting on the importance given to the tournament by the British news media, the level of European club football as well as Brazil's after his side's 3–1 win over Manchester United; Independent Online, 11 January 2000.[58]

The inaugural competition was planned to be contested in 1999 by the continental club winners of 1998, the Intercontinental Cup winners and the host nation's national club champions, but it was postponed by one year. When it was rescheduled, the competition had eight new participants from the continental champions of 1999: Brazilian clubs Corinthians and Vasco da Gama, English side Manchester United, Mexican club Necaxa, Moroccan club Raja Casablanca, Spanish side Real Madrid, Saudi club Al-Nassr, and Australian club South Melbourne.[59] The first goal of the competition was scored by Real Madrid's Nicolas Anelka against Al-Nassr; Real Madrid went on to win the match 3–1.[60] The final was an all-Brazilian affair, as well as the only one which saw one side have home advantage.[61] Vasco da Gama could not take advantage of its local support, being beaten by Corinthians 4–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in extra time.[62][63]

The second edition of the competition was planned for Spain in 2001, and would have featured 12 clubs.[64] The draw was performed at A Coruña on 6 March 2001.[65] However, it was cancelled on 18 May, due to a combination of factors, most importantly the collapse of FIFA's marketing partner International Sport and Leisure.[66] The participants of the cancelled edition received US$750,000 each in compensation; the Real Federación Española de Fútbol (RFEF) also received US$1 million from FIFA.[67] Another attempt to stage the competition in 2003, in which 17 countries were looking to be the host nation, also failed to happen.[68][69] FIFA agreed with UEFA, CONMEBOL and Toyota to merge the Intercontinental Cup and Club World Championship into one event.[70] The final Intercontinental Cup, played by representatives clubs of most developed continents in the football world, was in 2004, with a relaunched Club World Championship held in Japan in December 2005.[71] All the winning teams were regarded by worldwide mass media and football's community de facto as "world champions"[72][73][74] until 2017 when FIFA officially (de jure) recognised all of them as official club world champions with the same title to the FIFA Club World Cup winners.[75][76]

Play-off tournaments (2005–2020)
Pep Guardiola is hoisted in the air after Barcelona won the 2011 FIFA Club World Cup, crushing Santos 4–0 in the final.

The 2005 version was shorter than the previous World Championship, reducing the problem of scheduling the tournament around the different club seasons across each continent. It contained just the six reigning continental champions, with the CONMEBOL and UEFA representatives receiving byes to the semi-finals. A new trophy was introduced replacing the Intercontinental trophy, the Toyota trophy and the trophy of 2000. The draw for the 2005 edition of the competition took place in Tokyo on 30 July 2005 at The Westin Tokyo.[77] The 2005 edition saw São Paulo pushed to the limit by Saudi side Al-Ittihad to reach the final.[78] In the final, one goal from Mineiro was enough to dispatch English club Liverpool;[79] Mineiro became the first player to score in a Club World Cup final.[80]

Internacional defeated defending World and South American champions São Paulo in the 2006 Copa Libertadores finals in order to qualify for the 2006 tournament.[81] At the semi-finals, Internacional beat Egyptian side Al Ahly in order to meet Barcelona in the final.[82] One late goal from Adriano Gabiru allowed the trophy to be kept in Brazil once again.[83][84] It was in 2007 when Brazilian hegemony was finally broken: AC Milan disputed a close match against Japan's Urawa Red Diamonds, who were pushed by over 67,000 fans at Yokohama's International Stadium, and won 1–0 to reach the final.[85] In the final, Milan crushed Boca Juniors 4–2, in a match that saw the first player sent off in a Club World Cup final: Milan's Kakha Kaladze from Georgia at the 77th minute.[86] Eleven minutes later, Boca Junior's Pablo Ledesma would join Kaladze as he too was sent off.[87] The following year, Manchester United would emulate Milan by beating their semi-final opponents, Japan's Gamba Osaka, 5–3.[88] They saw off Ecuadorian club LDU Quito 1–0 to become world champions in 2008.[89][90]

Corinthians won their second world title after defeating Chelsea 1–0 in the final, capping off a year which saw them undefeated in international matches with just four goals conceded.

United Arab Emirates applied, with success, for the right to host the FIFA Club World Cup in 2009 and 2010.[91] Ruing from their defeat three years earlier, Barcelona dethroned World and European champions Manchester United in the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final to qualify for the 2009 Club World Cup.[92] Barcelona beat Mexican club Atlante in the semi-finals 3–1 and met Estudiantes in the final.[93] After a very close encounter which saw the need for extra-time, Lionel Messi scored from a header to snatch victory for Barcelona and complete an unprecedented sextuple.[94][95][96][97][98] The 2010 edition saw the first non-European and non-South American side to reach the final: Congo's Mazembe defeated Brazil's Internacional 2–0 in the semi-final to face Internazionale, who beat South Korean club Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma 3–0 to reach that instance.[99][100] Internazionale would go on to beat Mazembe with the same scoreline to complete their quintuple.[101][102]

The FIFA Club World Cup returned to Japan for the 2011 and 2012 edition.[103] In 2011, Barcelona comfortably won their semi-final match 4–0 against Qatari club Al Sadd.[104] In the final, Barcelona would repeat their performance against Santos; this is, to date, the largest winning margin in the final of the competition.[105] Messi also became the first player to score in two different Club World Cup finals.[106] The 2012 edition saw Europe's dominance come to an end as Corinthians, boasting over 30,000 travelling fans which was dubbed the "Invasão da Fiel", travelled to Japan to join Barcelona in being two-time winners of the competition.[107][108] In the semi-finals, Al-Ahly managed to keep the scoreline close as Corinthians' Paolo Guerrero scored to send the Timão into their second final.[109] Guerrero would once again come through for Corinthians as the Timão saw off English side Chelsea 1–0 in order to bring the trophy back to Brazil.[62][110]

Zinedine Zidane during a press conference at the 2017 FIFA Club World Cup. Real Madrid became the first team to retain the trophy having also won the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup.

2013 and 2014 had the Club World Cup moving to Morocco. The first edition saw a Cinderella run of host team Raja Casablanca, who had to start in the play-off round and became the second African team to reach the final, after defeating Brazil's Atlético Mineiro in the semi-final.[111] Like Mazembe, Raja also lost to the European champion, this time a 2–0 defeat to Bayern Munich.[112] 2014 again had a decision between South America and Europe, and Real Madrid beat San Lorenzo 2–0.[113]

The 2015 and 2016 editions once again saw Japan as hosts for the 7th and 8th time respectively in the 12th and 13th editions of the FIFA Club World Cup. The 2015 edition saw a final between River Plate and FC Barcelona. FC Barcelona lifted their third FIFA Club World Cup, with Suarez scoring two goals and Lionel Messi scoring one goal in the Final. One notable thing that occurred in the 2015 tournament was that Sanfrecce Hiroshima made it to third place, the farthest ever achieved by a Japanese club. This record would not last though, as the 2016 edition saw J1 League winners Kashima Antlers making it to the Final (outscoring rivals 7-1), against Real Madrid. A Gaku Shibasaki inspired Kashima attempted to win their first FIFA Club World Cup (a feat never done by any club outside of Europe and South America), but were denied by Real Madrid, who won 4-2 in extra time, thanks to a hat-trick by Cristiano Ronaldo.[114]

The UAE returned to host the event in 2017 and 2018.[115][116] 2017 involved the likes of Real Madrid becoming the first team in Club World Cup history to return to the tournament to defend their title. Real Madrid became the first team to successfully defend their title after defeating Grêmio in the Final, all while eliminating Al Jazira in the Semi-Finals. Al-Ain was the first Emirati team to reach the Club World Cup final,[117] as well as the second Asian team to reach the final in the 2018 edition. Real Madrid defeated Al-Ain 4–1 in the final, to win their fourth title in the competition and to become the first team ever to win it three years in a row and four times in total in the tournament's history. Thus, Real Madrid extended their international titles to seven after winning the 2018 edition (counting their three Intercontinental Cup titles and four Club World Cup titles).[n 1]

On June 3, 2019, FIFA selected Qatar as the host of both the 2019 and 2020 events.[119][120] Gonzalo Belloso, the Deputy Secretary General and Development Director of CONMEBOL, had said earlier that the 2019 and 2020 editions will both be held in Japan.[121] The 2019 edition saw Liverpool defeat Flamengo to win the competition for the first time.[122]

Expansion (from 2021)

In late 2016, FIFA President Gianni Infantino suggested an expansion of the Club World Cup to 32 teams beginning in 2019 and the reschedule to June to be more balanced and more attractive to broadcasters and sponsors.[123] In late 2017, FIFA discussed proposals to expand the competition to 24 teams and have it be played every four years by 2021, replacing the FIFA Confederations Cup.[124]

The new tournament, planned to start in 2021, would be held every four years instead of annually, would feature 24 teams and 31 matches. It would include all UEFA Champions League winners, UEFA Champions League runners-up, Europa League winners and Copa Libertadores winners from the four seasons up to and including the year of the event, with the remainder qualifying from the other four confederations.[125] Along with a new Nations League competition, revenues of $25 billion would be expected during the period from 2021 to 2033.[126]

In March 2019, FIFA decided to expand the Club World Cup starting in 2021.[127]

Results

Finals
See also: List of FIFA Club World Cup finals
Key to the table
Match was won during extra time
Match was won on a penalty shoot-out
Edition Season Hosts Champions Score Runners-up Third place Score Fourth place Ref
1 2000  Brazil Corinthians[n 2] 0–0 Vasco da Gama Necaxa[n 3] 1–1 Real Madrid [129][130]
N/A 2001  Spain Tournament cancelled [131]
2 2005  Japan São Paulo 1–0 Liverpool Saprissa 3–2 Al-Ittihad [132][133]
3 2006 Internacional 1–0 Barcelona Al Ahly 2–1 América [134][135]
4 2007 Milan 4–2 Boca Juniors Urawa Red Diamonds[n 4] 2–2 Étoile du Sahel [137][138]
5 2008 Manchester United 1–0 LDU Quito Gamba Osaka 1–0 Pachuca [139][140]
6 2009  UAE Barcelona[n 5] 2–1 Estudiantes Pohang Steelers[n 6] 1–1 Atlante [143][144]
7 2010 Internazionale 3–0 TP Mazembe Internacional 4–2 Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma [145][146]
8 2011  Japan Barcelona 4–0 Santos Al Sadd[n 7] 0–0 Kashiwa Reysol [148][149]
9 2012 Corinthians 1–0 Chelsea Monterrey 2–0 Al Ahly [150][151]
10 2013  Morocco Bayern Munich 2–0 Raja Casablanca Atlético Mineiro 3–2 Guangzhou Evergrande [152][153]
11 2014 Real Madrid 2–0 San Lorenzo Auckland City[n 8] 1–1 Cruz Azul [155][156]
12 2015  Japan Barcelona 3–0 River Plate Sanfrecce Hiroshima 2–1 Guangzhou Evergrande [157][158]
13 2016 Real Madrid[n 9] 4–2 Kashima Antlers Atlético Nacional[n 10] 2–2 América [161][162]
14 2017  UAE Real Madrid 1–0 Grêmio Pachuca 4–1 Al-Jazira [163]
15 2018 Real Madrid 4–1 Al-Ain River Plate 4–0 Kashima Antlers [164]
16 2019  Qatar Liverpool[n 11] 1–0 Flamengo Monterrey[n 12] 2–2 Al-Hilal [120]
17 2020 [120]
18 2021  China [127]

Performances by club
Country Club Titles Runners-up Years won Years runners-up
Real Madrid 4 — 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018 —
Barcelona 3 1 2009, 2011, 2015 2006
Corinthians 2 — 2000, 2012 —
Liverpool 1 1 2019 2005
São Paulo 1 — 2005 —
Internacional 1 — 2006 —
Milan 1 — 2007 —
Manchester United 1 — 2008 —
Internazionale 1 — 2010 —
Bayern Munich 1 — 2013 —
Vasco da Gama — 1 — 2000
Boca Juniors — 1 — 2007
LDU Quito — 1 — 2008
Estudiantes — 1 — 2009
TP Mazembe — 1 — 2010
Santos — 1 — 2011
Chelsea — 1 — 2012
Raja Casablanca — 1 — 2013
San Lorenzo — 1 — 2014
River Plate — 1 — 2015
Kashima Antlers — 1 — 2016
Grêmio — 1 — 2017
Al-Ain — 1 — 2018
Flamengo — 1 — 2019

Performances by country
Country Name Titles Runners-up Years won Years runners-up
Spain 7 1 2009, 2011, 2015, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018 2006
Brazil 4 4 2000, 2005, 2006, 2012 2000, 2011, 2017, 2019
England 2 2 2008, 2019 2005, 2012
Italy 2 — 2007, 2010 —
Germany 1 — 2013 —
Argentina — 4 — 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015
Ecuador — 1 — 2008
DR of the Congo — 1 — 2010
Morocco — 1 — 2013
Japan — 1 — 2016
United Arab Emirates — 1 — 2018

Performances by confederation

Africa's best representatives are TP Mazembe from the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Moroccan club Raja Casablanca, both finishing in second place in 2010 and 2013 respectively. Kashima Antlers from Japan and Al-Ain from United Arab Emirates are Asia's best representatives, finishing second in both 2016 and 2018 editions.

These four clubs are the only clubs from outside Europe and South America to play in the final.

Mexican clubs Necaxa, Monterrey and Pachuca, as well as Costa Rica's Saprissa, have each earned third place, North America's best results.

Auckland City from New Zealand has earned third place and is the only Oceanian team to reach the semi-finals.

ConfederationTitlesRunners-up
UEFA123
CONMEBOL49
AFC—2
CAF—2
Total1616

Format and rules
See also: List of FIFA Club World Cup participants
Distribution of clubs in the
FIFA Club World Cup[165]
Play-off round

Quarter-final round

Semi-final round

Final
  • Two winners of the semi-final round

As of 2012, most teams qualify to the FIFA Club World Cup by winning their continental competitions, be it the AFC Champions League, CAF Champions League, CONCACAF Champions League, Copa Libertadores, OFC Champions League or UEFA Champions League. Aside from these, the host nation's national league champions qualify as well.[165]

The maiden edition of this competition was separated into two rounds. The eight participants were split into two groups of four teams. The winner of each group met in the final while the runners-up played for third place. The competition changed its format during the 2005 relaunch into a single-elimination tournament in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with extra time and penalty shoot-outs used to decide the winner if necessary. It featured six clubs competing over a two-week period.There were three stages: the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The quarter-final stage pitted the Oceanian Champions League winners, the African Champions League winners, the Asian Champions League winners and the North American Champions League winners against each other. Afterwards, the winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the European Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The victors of each semi-final would play go on to play in the final.[165]

With the introduction of the current format, which now has a fifth place match and a place for the host nation's national league champions, the format slightly changed. There are now four stages: the play-off round, the quarter-final round, the semi-final round and the final. The first stage pits the host nation's national league champions against the Oceanian Champions League winners. The winner of that stage would go on the quarter-finals to join the African Champions League winners, the AFC Champions League winners and the CONCACAF Champions League winners. The winners of those games would go on to the semi-finals to play the UEFA Champions League winners and South America's Copa Libertadores winners. The winners of each semi-final play each other in the final.[165]

Trophy

The trophy used during the inaugural competition was called the FIFA Club World Championship Cup. The original laurel was created by Sawaya & Moroni, an Italian designer company that produces contemporary designs with cultural backgrounds and design concepts. The designing firm is based in Milan. The fully silver-coloured trophy had a weight of 4 kg (8.8 lb) and a height of 37.5 cm (14.8 in). Its base and widest points are 10 cm (3.9 in) long. The trophy had a base of two pedestals which had four rectangular pillars. Two of the four pillars had inscriptions on them; one contained the phrase, "FIFA Club World Championship" imprinted across. The other had the letters "FIFA" inscribed on it. On top, a football based on the 1998 FIFA World Cup ball, the Adidas Tricolore, can be seen. The production costs of the laurel was US$25,000. It was presented for the first time at Sheraton Hotels and Resorts in Rio de Janeiro on 4 January 2000.[166][167][168][169]

Just as the [FIFA] women's [World Cup] trophy had a distinct feminine note to it, so this new trophy is more masculine. It is also inspired by a classic sense of geometry and architecture, enduring concepts just like the status of a World Champion.

William Sawaya, designer of the FIFA Club World Championship trophy, commenting on the laurel; Fédération Internationale de Football Association, 3 January 2000.[166]

The tournament, in its present format, shares its name with the current trophy, also called the FIFA Club World Cup or simply la Copa, which is awarded to the FIFA Club World Cup winner. It was unveiled at Tokyo on 30 July 2005 during the draw of that year's edition of the competition. The laurel was designed in 2005 in Birmingham, United Kingdom, at Thomas Fattorini Ltd, by English designer Jane Powell, alongside her assistant Dawn Forbes, at the behest of FIFA. The gold-and-silver-coloured trophy, weighing 5.2 kg (11 lb), has a height of 50 cm (20 in). Its base and widest points are also measured at exactly 20 cm (7.9 in). It is made out of a combination of brass, copper, sterling silver, gilding metal, aluminium, chrome and rhodium. The trophy itself is gold plated.[77][167]

The design, according to FIFA, shows six staggered pillars, representing the six participating teams from the respective six confederations, and one separate metal structure referencing the winner of the competition. They hold up a globe in the shape of a football – a consistent feature in almost all of FIFA's trophies. The graceful curves and inherent strength of the trophy evoke the balletic and athletic qualities necessary to successfully compete in the FIFA Club World Cup and the tension and movement describe the competitive energy between the participants. The golden pedestal has the phrase, "FIFA Club World Cup", imprinted at the bottom.[167]

Awards
Main article: FIFA Club World Cup awards

At the end of each Club World Cup, awards are presented to the players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament. There are currently four awards:[170]

  • The Golden Ball for the best player, determined by a vote of media members; the Silver Ball and the Bronze Ball are awarded to the players finishing second and third in the voting respectively;[170]
  • The Golden Boot (sometimes called the Golden Shoe) for the top goalscorer; the Silver Boot and the Bronze Boot have been awarded to the second and third top goalscorers respectively;[170]
  • The FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team with the best record of fair play, according to the points system and criteria established by the FIFA Fair Play Committee.[170]
  • The Most Valuable Player of the Final Match Trophy for the best performing player in the FIFA Club World Cup final. It was first awarded in 2005. The MVP of the Final Match is also rewarded with an automobile by Toyota, the presenting sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup.[170]

The winners of the competition are also entitled to receive the FIFA Champions Badge; it features an image of the trophy, which the reigning champion is entitled to display on its first-team kit only, up until and including, the final of the next championship. The first edition of the badge was presented to Milan, the winners of the 2007 final.[171][172] All four previous champions were allowed to wear the badge until the 2008 final, where Manchester United gained the sole right to wear the badge by winning the trophy.[173]

Each tournament's top three teams receives a set of gold, silver or bronze medals to distribute to their players.[170]

Prize money
Prize money (USD)
Winner $10 million
Runner-up $4 million
Third place $2.5 million
Fourth place $2 million
Fifth place $1.5 million
Sixth place $1 million
Seventh place $0.5 million

The 2000 FIFA Club World Championship was the inaugural edition of this competition; it provided US$28 million in prize money for its participants. The prize money received by the clubs participating was divided into fixed payments based on participation and results. Clubs finishing the tournament from fifth to eighth place received US$2.5 million. The club who would eventually finish in fourth place received US$3 million while the third-place team received US$4 million. The runner-up earned US$5 million while the eventual champions would gain US$6 million.[174]

The relaunch of the tournament in 2005 FIFA Club World Championship saw different amounts of prize money given and some changes in the criteria of receiving certain amounts. The total amount of prize money given dropped to US$16 million. The winners received US$5 million and the runners-up US$4 million, with $2.5 million for third place, US$2 million for fourth, US$1.5 million for fifth and US$1 million for sixth.[175][175]

For the 2007 FIFA Club World Cup, a play-off match between the OFC champions and the host-nation champions for entry into the quarter-final stage was introduced in order to increase home interest in the tournament. The reintroduction of the match for fifth place for the 2008 competition also prompted an increase in prize money by US$500,000 to a total of US$16.5 million.[176]

Sponsorship

Like the FIFA World Cup, the FIFA Club World Cup is sponsored by a group of multinational corporations. Toyota Motor Corporation, a Japanese multinational automaker headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan, was the Presenting Partner of the FIFA Club World Cup until its sponsorship agreement expired at the end of December 2014 and was not renewed.[177] Because Toyota was an automobile manufacturer and the main sponsor of the tournament, Hyundai-Kia's status as a FIFA partner was not active with respect to the Club World Cup prior to 2015. However, the other FIFA partners – Adidas, Coca-Cola and Visa – retained full sponsorship rights. From 2015 to 2022, the tournament will be presented by Alibaba Cloud of the Alibaba Group.[178]

The inaugural competition had six event sponsors: Fujifilm, Hyundai, JVC, McDonald's, Budweiser and MasterCard.[56][179][180]

Individual clubs may wear jerseys with advertising, even if such sponsors conflict with those of the FIFA Club World Cup. However, only one main sponsor is permitted per jersey in addition to that of the kit manufacturer.[165]

The tournament's current event sponsors and brands advertised (in italic) are:[180]

FIFA Partners

National Supporters

Records and statistics
Cristiano Ronaldo (pictured in 2015 wearing a Real Madrid kit with the gold FIFA Champions Badge) is the all-time leading goalscorer in the tournament
Main article: FIFA Club World Cup records and statistics
See also: List of FIFA Club World Cup broadcasters, List of FIFA Club World Cup finals, List of FIFA Club World Cup goalscorers, List of FIFA Club World Cup hat-tricks, List of FIFA Club World Cup participants, List of FIFA Club World Cup winning managers, and Historical table of the FIFA Club World Cup

Players Toni Kroos has won the FIFA Club World Cup five times, which is the record for the most by any player.[181] Cristiano Ronaldo holds the record of being the overall top goalscorer in FIFA Club World Cup history (7 goals). Mohamed Aboutrika, Hossam Ashour and Wael Gomaa are the players with most appearances in the competition (11 games).

Clubs Real Madrid has won the FIFA Club World Cup four times (record), achieving a record seven club world championships in total. Real Madrid also have the record of most wins (8) without losses, and for most goals scored in the competition (32).[182] Auckland City has played the most games (15), over nine different tournaments.

Reception

Since its inception in 2000, the competition, despite its name and the contestants' achievements, has received differing reception. In most of Europe it struggles to find broad media attention compared to the UEFA Champions League and commonly lacks recognition as a high-ranking contest.[183][184] In South America, however, it is widely considered the highest point in the career of a footballer, coach and/or team at international club level.[185][186] In Brazil and Argentina, the tournament is seen as a continuity of the Intercontinental Cup, creating a tension point around the year when both cups were held, 2000. It is hotly debated whether the title of "2000 World Champion" is rightly Corinthians' (Brazil) or Boca Juniors' (Argentina). The debate is further fuelled by the rivalry between the two countries and club rivalry within each of two South American nations.

The competition is also criticised, mainly by the European press and fans among others, for its format, which favours the UEFA and CONMEBOL teams, since their representatives start in the semi-finals and can only meet each other in the final match. In Europe the tournament is almost ignored by the mass media, although it is considered superior to the old Intercontinental Cup as all of the worlds six continents are represented rather than just two,[187] indeed when the sides used to meet in a one-off game in Japan (and even before), this was considered unfair and a true world champion was never realized. The opening up of the global market in football has changed the balance. These days the best South Americans (and the stars from all the other continents) are usually playing for the European teams.[188][189] It is also criticised for its poor organisation, the poor reception among the local fans for the matches not featuring any European or South American team, FIFA's decision to select the competition's host based on economic deals and not on their footballing merit on the international stage (with the exception of Brazil which hosted the first edition) such as Japan, Morocco, the United Arab Emirates and Qatar (the latter two also causing concern for non-sport related reasons, such as human rights records[190]), and the poor economic benefits for the winning team, regarded as inferior than any Super Cup prizes.[191][192]

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See also

Notes
  1. The council of FIFA officially recognizes the winners of the Intercontinental Cup and the FIFA Club World Cup as club world champions.[118]
  2. Score was 0–0 after 120 minutes. Corinthians won 4–3 on penalties.[61]
  3. Extra time was played in the third-place match. Necaxa won 4–3 on penalties.[128]
  4. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Urawa Red Diamonds won 4–2 on penalties.[136]
  5. Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes.[141]
  6. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Pohang Steelers won 4–3 on penalties.[142]
  7. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Al Sadd won 5–3 on penalties.[147]
  8. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Auckland City won 4–2 on penalties.[154]
  9. Score was 2–2 after 90 minutes.[159]
  10. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Atlético Nacional won 4–3 on penalties.[160]
  11. Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes.
  12. No extra time was played in the third-place match. Monterrey won 4–3 on penalties.

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Further reading
  • Augustyn, Adam (2011). The Britannica Guide to Soccer. The Rosen Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-61530-581-0.
  • Darby, Paul (2002). Africa, Football and Fifa: Politics, Colonialism and Resistance (Sport in the Global Society). Frank Cass Publishers. ISBN 0-7146-8029-X.
  • Dunmore, Tom (2011). Historical Dictionary of Soccer. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7188-5.
  • Fortin, François (2003). Sports: The Complete Visual Reference. Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55297-807-9.
  • Goldblatt, David (2008). The Ball Is Round: A Global History of Soccer. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
  • Jozsa, Frank (2009). Global Sports: Cultures, Markets and Organizations. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-283-569-7.
  • Mitten, Adam (2010). The Rough Guide to Cult Football. Penguin Group. ISBN 978-1-4053-8577-0.
  • Oliver, Guy (2006). Almanack of World Football 2007. Headline Book Publishing. ISBN 0-7553-1506-5.
  • Peterson, Marc (2009). The Integrity of the Game and Shareholdings in European Football Clubs. GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-43109-0.
  • Radnedge, Keir (2011). FIFA World Football Records 2012. Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-840-3.
  • Sugden, John (1998). FIFA and the Contest For World Football. Polity Press. ISBN 0-7456-1661-5.
  • Trecker, Jim; Miers, Charles (2008). Whitesell, J. Brett (ed.). Women's Soccer: The Game and the Fifa World Cup (Illustrated ed.). Explorer Publishing. ISBN 978-9948-8585-3-9.
  • Witzig, Richard (2006). The Global Art of Soccer. CusiBoy Publishing. ISBN 0-9776688-0-0.
  • Explorer Tokyo: The Complete Residents' Guide. Penguin Group. 2008. ISBN 978-1-59448-296-0.
  • Soccer: The Ultimate Guide. Penguin Group. 2010. ISBN 978-0-7566-7321-5.
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