2016 24 Hours of Le Mans
The 84th 24 Hours of Le Mans (French: 84e 24 Heures du Mans) was an automobile endurance racing event held for Le Mans Prototype and Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance cars from 15 to 19 June 2016 at the Circuit de la Sarthe, Le Mans, France. It was the 84th running of the 24 Hour race organised by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) as well as the third and flagship round of the 2016 FIA World Endurance Championship. A test day was held two weeks prior to the race on 5 June. The event was attended by 263,500 people.
| 2016 24 Hours of Le Mans | |
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Neel Jani of Porsche started from pole position for the second consecutive year, but heavy rainfall forced the organisers to start the race behind a safety car for the first time in history. Once the rain had stopped and the track sufficiently dried, the field was released from under safety car conditions. Toyota, Audi and Porsche traded off the race lead in the early hours until the No. 6 Toyota established a firm hold on first place, followed by the No. 5 Toyota and No. 2 Porsche. Issues for the No. 6 eventually allowed the No. 5 Toyota to take over the lead, maintaining a small gap from the Porsche. Kazuki Nakajima was driving the Toyota to the finish in the closing three minutes of the race when it suffered a mechanical issue and stopped on the circuit right after the finish line on his last lap. Jani overcame the one-minute gap with the ailing Toyota and passed it on the final lap, taking the race victory; It was Jani and co-driver Marc Lieb's first Le Mans win and Romain Dumas' second. The sister Toyota of Stéphane Sarrazin, Mike Conway and Kamui Kobayashi finished three laps behind in second, while the No. 8 Audi of Loïc Duval, Lucas di Grassi and Oliver Jarvis completed the race podium.
The Signatech Alpine-Nissan of Gustavo Menezes, Nicolas Lapierre and Stéphane Richelmi won the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) category after it led the final 196 laps of the race. Roman Rusinov, René Rast and Will Stevens of G-Drive Racing finished on the same lap as the Alpine, while the all-Russian SMP Racing BR01-Nissan of Vitaly Petrov, Kirill Ladygin and Viktor Shaytar was four laps behind in third. On the day of the fiftieth anniversary of their first overall 24 Hours of Le Mans victory, Ford won the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Professional (LMGTE) Pro class with the No. 68 American entry of Joey Hand, Sébastien Bourdais and Dirk Müller. Risi Competizione Ferrari were second with Giancarlo Fisichella, Toni Vilander and Matteo Malucelli, after they and the winning Ford had led all but 26 laps of the race. Ford USA's sister car of Ryan Briscoe, Scott Dixon and Richard Westbrook was third. Americans also led the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance Amateur (LMGTE Am) category, with Scuderia Corsa's Townsend Bell, Jeff Segal and Bill Sweedler edging out the fellow Ferrari of AF Corse, driven by Emmanuel Collard, Rui Águas and François Perrodo. Khaled Al Qubaisi, Patrick Long and David Heinemeier Hansson were third in class for Abu Dhabi-Proton.
The result increased Lieb, Jani and Dumas' Drivers' Championship advantage over the new second-placed Duval, di Grassi and Jarvis to 38 points while Kobayashi, Conway and Sarrazin's second-place finish advanced them to third position. André Lotterer, Benoît Tréluyer and Marcel Fässler moved from eighth place to fourth and Alexandre Imperatori, Dominik Kraihamer and Mathéo Tuscher fell to fifth after not finishing the race. In the Manufacturers' Championship, Porsche extended their lead over Audi to 38 points while Toyota fell to third place with six races left in the season.
Background
The date for the 2016 Le Mans race was officially confirmed as part of the FIA World Endurance Championship's 2016 schedule at a FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting in Paris in December 2015. It was the third of nine scheduled endurance sports car rounds of the 2016 calendar and the 84th running of the event.[1] With the end of the race scheduled for 19 June, the event conflicted with the 2016 European Grand Prix.[2] Force India driver Nico Hülkenberg, who won the 2015 race with Porsche would be unable to return and defend his title, leading to accusations that Formula One Management had deliberately scheduled the race to conflict with Le Mans and prevent Formula One drivers from participating.[3]
Before the race Porsche drivers Marc Lieb, Neel Jani and Romain Dumas led the Drivers' Championship with 43 points, 18 ahead of nearest rivals Loïc Duval, Lucas di Grassi and Oliver Jarvis and a further three in front of Kamui Kobayashi, Mike Conway and Stéphane Sarrazin. Alexandre Imperatori, Dominik Kraihamer and Mathéo Tuscher were fourth on 15 points and their teammates Nick Heidfeld, Nico Prost and Nelson Piquet Jr. rounded out the top five with 12 points.[4] In the Manufacturers' Championship, Porsche lead with 55 points, 12 ahead of their nearest rivals Toyota in second position, and a further three in front of the third-placed manufacturer Audi.[4]
Circuit changes
Modifications were made to the circuit in the run-up to the race. A new entry run-off area was constructed at the Porsche Curves in response to a major accident sustained by Duval during practice for the 2014 24 Hours of Le Mans although the turn's alignment was not altered.[5] SAFER barriers were installed on the outside of the first entry section of the turn,[6] marking the technology's first appearance at a European motor racing venue.[7] Vincent Beaumesnil, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest's (ACO) sporting manager, revealed was easier to install a chicane, but following discussions with the national motor racing governing body of France, the Fédération Française du Sport Automobile, the circuit's layout was allowed to remain unchanged.[6]
Entries
The ACO initially planned to expand the race entry from 56 cars to 58 in 2015. But responding to an increase in the number of "high-quality entry requests" they allowed 60 entries for the 2016 race. The Selection Committee took steps to ensure the two additional required pits would be operational in time for the 2016 race.[8]
Automatic invitations
Teams that won their class in the previous running of the 24 Hours of Le Mans, or won championships in the European Le Mans Series or the Asian Le Mans Series earned automatic entry invitations. Some championship runners-up were also granted automatic invitations in certain series. Two participants in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship are chosen by the series to be automatic entries by the ACO regardless of their performance. All FIA World Endurance Championship full-season entries automatically earned invitations. As invitations were granted to teams, they could change their cars from the previous year to the next but were not allowed to change their category. In the European and Asian Le Mans Series, the Le Mans Grand Touring Endurance (LMGTE) class invitations are allowed to choose between the Pro and Am categories. European Le Mans Series' Le Mans Prototype 3 (LMP3) champion is required to field an entry in Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) while the Asian Le Mans Series LMP3 champion may choose between LMP2 or LMGTE Am. European Le Mans Series GTC class champions are limited to the LMGTE Am category.[9]
Among the fourteen automatic invitations granted, three teams chose not to accept: Team LNT and Marc VDS did not continue their European Le Mans Series efforts in 2016 while SMP Racing opted to concentrate on their LMP2 entries and forgo defense of their Le Mans victory in LMGTE Am.[9]
| Reason invited | LMP1 | LMP2 | LMGTE Am | LMGTE Pro |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st in the 24 Hours of Le Mans |  |
 |
 |
 |
| 1st in the European Le Mans Series (LMP2 and LMGTE) |  |
 | ||
| 2nd in the European Le Mans Series (LMGTE) | .svg.png){kind=small} | |||
| 1st in the European Le Mans Series (LMP3 and GTC) | |
 |
||
| WeatherTech SportsCar Championship at-large entries | |
| ||
| 1st in the Asian Le Mans Series (LMP2 and GT) |  |
 | ||
| 1st in the Asian Le Mans Series (LMP3) |  | |||
Source:[9] | ||||
Entry list
In conjunction with the announcement of entries for the FIA World Endurance Championship and the European Le Mans Series, the ACO announced the full 60 car entry list and ten car reserve list in Paris on 5 February. In addition to the 32 guaranteed entries from the World Endurance Championship, 13 entries came from the European Le Mans Series, nine from the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship, four from the Asian Le Mans Series, while one-off entries competing only at Le Mans filled the rest of the field.[10]
Reserves
The ACE named ten reserves to replace any entries which were withdrawn prior to the official test session.[10] Greaves Motorsport, Riley Motorsports, and Proton Competition later withdrew their reserve entries. Algarve Pro Racing was promoted to the race entry when TDS Racing withdrew their LMGTE Am Aston Martin.[11] Six reserves remained before the race, with a second entry from Pegasus Racing and Team AAI, as well as lone entries from JMW Motorsport, Courage, OAK Racing, and DragonSpeed.[12]
Garage 56
The Garage 56 entry to display new technologies returned following an absence in 2015.[13] Frédéric Sausset, a quadruple amputee, participated in the race driving a modified Morgan LMP2 developed in conjunction with Onroak Automotive. The adapted automobile featured a throttle and braking system controlled by Sausset through his thighs while steering was achieved by attaching his right limb directly to the steering column. The car was also able to be driven in a normal fashion by his co-drivers.[14] SRT 41 initially planned to use a new Audi engine for the programme but later changed to the ubiquitous Nissan LMP2 engine. The team participated in the Silverstone European Le Mans Series race as a precursor to Le Mans, the first Garage 56 entry to compete prior to Le Mans.[15]
Debutants
Some drivers made their first appearance in the 2016 24 Hours of Le Mans. Four-time IndyCar Series champion Scott Dixon co-drove Ford Chip Ganassi Racing's No. 69 car, although he missed the first day of scrutineering because of a rain delay in the Firestone 600 at the Texas Motor Speedway.[16] It was announced in March that Olympic gold medallist and multiple cycling world champion Chris Hoy would share the No. 25 Algarve Pro Racing Ligier JS P2-Nissan with Andrea Pizzitola and Michael Munemann.[17] Hoy was the first Summer Olympic gold medallist to compete at Le Mans,[17] the ninth former Olympian to race there and the second Olympic champion to do so, after alpine skier Henri Oreiller.[18] British GT Championship race winner Oliver Bryant was paired with Johnny O'Connell and Mark Patterson in the No. 57 Team AAI Chevrolet Corvette C7.R.[19]
Testing and practice
A mandatory test session for all sixty entries was held on 5 June, split into two daytime sessions.[20] The morning session was led by Porsche, with Jani setting a lap time of three minutes and 22.334 seconds. The second Porsche of Mark Webber followed, ahead of the two Audis of Marcel Fässler and Duval and both Toyotas of Anthony Davidson and Kobayashi. Oreca vehicles led the LMP2 category with six cars at the top of the timing charts, with the Signatech Alpine of Nicolas Lapierre ahead of Eurasia Motorsport and Manor.[21] Porsche also led the LMGTE Pro category with a one-two, the No. 92 of Frédéric Makowiecki ahead of the No. 91 of Kévin Estre, followed by Oliver Gavin's No. 63 Chevrolet Corvette C7.R.[22] The No. 55 AF Corse Ferrari of Matt Griffin was the fastest in LMGTE Am on his final lap, ahead of the second Ferrari of Scuderia Corsa. The session was temporarily stopped halfway through when François Perrodo beached his car in the Porsche Curves gravel trap and required extraction.[21]
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The second test session had Audi move to the top of the field when di Grassi set a three-minute and 21.375 second lap time, followed by an improved time for the No. 1 Porsche of Webber. The No. 8 Audi required repairs for much of the session after issues arose with the car's suspension system. Tristan Gommendy improved the fastest lap in LMP2, moving Eurasia Motorsport ahead of the Signatech Alpine. The Michael Shank Ligier-Honda of Oswaldo Negri Jr. had a heavy accident in the session's final hour at the left-hand barriers entering the second Mulsanne Chicane, bringing a premature end to the test. Negri was unhurt. Antonio García moved the No. 63 Chevrolet Corvette ahead of the pair of Porsches of Nick Tandy and Makowiecki, while another Corvette in LMGTE Am, driven by reserve driver Nick Catsburg for Larbre Compétition, overtook the fastest time from the morning session.[23][24] Other incidents had the No. 99 Aston Martin of Liam Griffin trigger the activation of the slow zone system when it stopped at the first chicane,[23] and all cars slowed for Pu Jun Jin who went into the gravel trap at Mulsanne Corner. Yutaka Yamagishi impacted the tyre barrier at Tertere Rouge corner but was able to drive back to the pit lane. Tommy Milner spun his No. 64 Chevrolet Corvette at Dunlop Chicane. The safety car was deployed when Tracy Krohn beached his car in the Porsche curves entry gravel trap.[25]
A single four-hour free practice session was available to the teams before the three qualifying sessions.[20] Rain fell on parts of the circuit throughout the four hours. The No. 8 Audi led for much of the session until overtaken by the No. 2 Porsche Brendon Hartley until it too was pipped by Jani with a lap of three minutes and 22.011 seconds in the closing ten minutes.[26] The session was stopped briefly when Pierre Kaffer's ByKolles CLM-AER caught fire on the Mulsanne Straight after exiting the first chicane. Toyota ended the session with the No. 6 entry of Sarrazin heavily damaged at its front-end after hitting the barriers exiting the Indianapolis corner. Richard Bradley of KCMG led the LMP2 category ahead of the Signatech Alpine of Lapierre and Paul-Loup Chatin's Panis-Barthez Ligier-Nissan. Separate crashes by Bruno Senna of RGR Sport and Inès Taittinger of Pegasus Racing at the Porsche Curves and Indianapolis corner led to stoppages in the session.[26][27] Ford and Ferrari entrants led the LMGTE Pro field with three Ford cars leading the class until overtaken by the Risi Ferrari of Toni Vilander and later the No. 51 AF Corse car of Gianmaria Bruni. Townsend Bell of Scuderia Corsa led the LMGTE Am category for much of the session until Rob Bell gave Le Mans rookies Clearwater Racing the fastest lap of the class in the final fifteen minutes.[26][27]
Qualifying
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Six hours of qualifying sessions were available to all the entrants,[20] but pole position for the race was decided by Jani in the first ten minutes of the opening session. His three-minute and 19.733 second lap time kept him at the top of the field as rain affected the two qualifying sessions the following day. The position was the second consecutive at Le Mans for both Jani and Porsche, while the sister car was nearly half a second behind in the second position. Sarrazin was a further half second behind for third, followed by the other Toyota of Davidson.[28] Audi struggled to get their cars on track at the start of the first session. Both R18s suffered mechanical ailments, eventually setting lap times three seconds slower than the pole position Porsche to hold onto fifth and sixth positions. Their best lap came from di Grassi.[29] Kraihamer was the fastest privateer in the No. 13 Rebellion. The ByKolles entry did not appear during the session while repairs were made following a fire in the practice session. René Rast of G-Drive Racing led the LMP2 category with a three-minute and 36.605 second lap time set in the final fifteen minutes of the session, after the lead in the category had been swapped between the G-Drive entry and the two Alpines over the course of the two-hour session. Nelson Panciatici in DC Racing's Alpine held on for second in the class while Signatech's Lapierre was third. Jin had an accident near Tertre Rouge, heavily damaging his car, and ending Eurasia Motorsport's night.[29]
The LMGTE Pro category qualifying was swept by the new cars making their debuts at Le Mans. Ford's new GT in the hands of Dirk Müller set a lap time of three minutes and 51.185 seconds, three-tenths of a second ahead of its American sister car the No. 69 Ford of Ryan Briscoe. Ferrari's new 488 driven by Bruni was third in the class for AF Corse, a further tenth of a second behind the two Ford cars. The British pair of Fords driven by Olivier Pla and Harry Tincknell were in fourth and fifth places, followed by two further Ferraris, with Makowiecki's No. 92 Porsche almost four seconds off the class pole position time as the first vehicle with previous experience at Le Mans.[29][30] Risi Competizione's Ferrari brought out the only red flag of the session as Giancarlo Fisichella became stuck in the gravel trap at the Porsche Curves after a spin. In LMGTE Am Rob Bell's three-minute and 56.827 second lap in the Clearwater Racing Ferrari beat out Pedro Lamy in the No. 98 Aston Martin; two AF Corse Ferrari cars driven by Matt Griffin and Emmanuel Collard followed in third and fourth positions.[29]
The following day the second qualifying session opened with a dry track but threatening skies. Several LMP2 and LMGTE teams were able to improve their qualifying times in the opening half an hour of the session before rainfall started. The biggest improvement in the beginning of the session was the Abu Dhabi-Proton Porsche in LMGTE Am, taking third place in the class, while the ByKolles CLM-AER of Kaffer went out in the wet to set first lap times of qualifying and take its place at the back of the LMP1 field.[31] Pegasus Racing led the few improved times in the LMP2 category to earn the fifteenth position. Porsche No. 1 was the fastest in the session, but its lap time was over three seconds off the provisional pole position. The second session ended without the track drying again and no times were improved in any category. All four Aston Martins chose not to set lap times in the session as they changed their engines.[31] The third qualifying session began an hour later under a light rain that changed to a deluge within ten minutes, prompting race officials to stop qualifying for nearly an hour as several cars aquaplaned. When the rain tapered off and qualifying resumed, many teams chose not to participate or set a large number of lap times as no improvements could be made to qualifying lap times.[31]
Following qualifying the ACO altered the balance of performance in the LMGTE Pro category, adding 10 kg (22 lb) of ballast and lowering turbocharger boost pressure in the Ford GT and adding 25 kg (55 lb) of ballast to the Ferrari 488s to lower their performance. Similarly, Aston Martin and Corvette received an increase in performance by allowing a larger air restrictor on the air intake of their engines. Porsche had no performance changes.[32]
Qualifying results
Provisional pole positions in each class are denoted in bold and indicated by 
| Pos. | Class | No. | Team | Qualifying 1[33] | Qualifying 2[34] | Gap | Grid[35] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | LMP1 | 2 | Porsche Team | 3:19.733 | 3:25.511 | 1 | |
| 2 | LMP1 | 1 | Porsche Team | 3:20.203 | 3:23.307 | +0.470 | 2 |
| 3 | LMP1 | 6 | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 3:20.737 | 3:25.899 | +1.004 | 3 |
| 4 | LMP1 | 5 | Toyota Gazoo Racing | 3:21.903 | 3:24.399 | +2.170 | 4 |
| 5 | LMP1 | 7 | Audi Sport Team Joest | 3:22.780 | 3:45.468 | +3.047 | 5 |
| 6 | LMP1 | 8 | Audi Sport Team Joest | 3:22.823 | 3:26.680 | +3.090 | 6 |
| 7 | LMP1 | 13 | Rebellion Racing | 3:26.586 | 3:30.010 | +6.853 | 7 |
| 8 | LMP1 | 12 | Rebellion Racing | 3:27.348 | 3:27.573 | +7.615 | 8 |
| 9 | LMP1 | 4 | ByKolles Racing Team | No Time | 3:34.168 | +14.435 | 54[N 1] |
| 10 | LMP2 | 26 | G-Drive Racing | 3:36.605 | 4:04.887 | +16.872 | 9 |
| 11 | LMP2 | 35 | Baxi DC Racing Alpine | 3:37.175 | 3:39.559 | +17.442 | 10 |
| 12 | LMP2 | 36 | Signatech Alpine | 3:37.225 | 3:40.895 | +17.492 | 11 |
| 13 | LMP2 | 44 | Manor | 3:38.037 | No Time | +18.304 | 12 |
| 14 | LMP2 | 49 | Michael Shank Racing | 3:38.837 | 3:51.759 | +19.104 | 13 |
| 15 | LMP2 | 31 | Extreme Speed Motorsports | 3:39.366 | 3:40.436 | +19.633 | 14 |
| 16 | LMP2 | 46 | Thiriet by TDS Racing | 3:39.375 | 3:40.611 | +19.642 | 15 |
| 17 | LMP2 | 42 | Strakka Racing | 3:39.394 | 3:44.142 | +19.661 | 16 |
| 18 | LMP2 | 47 | KCMG | 3:39.436 | 3:39.562 | +19.703 | 17 |
| 19 | LMP2 | 23 | Panis-Barthez Compétition | 3:39.470 | 3:45.018 | +19.737 | 18 |
| 20 | LMP2 | 33 | Eurasia Motorsport | 3:40.631 | 4:14.491 | +20.898 | 19 |
| 21 | LMP2 | 38 | G-Drive Racing | 3:40.685 | 4:01.981 | +20.952 | 20 |
| 22 | LMP2 | 43 | RGR Sport by Morand | 3:40.899 | 3:44.198 | +21.166 | 21 |
| 23 | LMP2 | 27 | SMP Racing | 3:41.132 | 3:41.457 | +21.399 | 55[N 2] |
| 24 | LMP2 | 28 | Pegasus Racing | 3:42.049 | 3:41.285 | +21.552 | 56[N 1] |
| 25 | LMP2 | 30 | Extreme Speed Motorsports | 3:41.406 | 4:14.456 | +21.673 | 57[N 1] |
| 26 | LMP2 | 37 | SMP Racing | 3:42.147 | 3:41.776 | +22.043 | 22 |
| 27 | LMP2 | 25 | Algarve Pro Racing | 3:44.185 | 3:42.088 | +22.355 | 23 |
| 28 | LMP2 | 41 | Greaves Motorsport | 3:43.915 | 3:42.570 | +22.837 | 24 |
| 29 | LMP2 | 48 | Murphy Prototypes | 3:43.508 | 3:45.067 | +23.775 | 25 |
| 30 | LMP2 | 34 | Race Performance | 3:43.590 | 3:45.711 | +23.857 | 26 |
| 31 | LMP2 | 22 | SO24! by Lombard Racing | 3:48.585 | 3:44.347 | +24.614 | 58[N 1] |
| 32 | 84 | SRT41 by OAK Racing | 3:45.178 | 4:01.607 | +25.445 | 27 | |
| 33 | LMP2 | 40 | Krohn Racing | 3:45.213 | 3:45.978 | +25.480 | 59[N 1] |
| 34 | LMGTE Pro | 68 | Ford Chip Ganassi Team USA | 3:51.185 | 3:53.672 | +31.452 | 28 |
| 35 | LMGTE Pro | 69 | Ford Chip Ganassi Team USA | 3:51.497 | 3:53.603 | +31.764 | 29 |
| 36 | LMGTE Pro | 51 | AF Corse | 3:51.568 | 3:53.218 | +31.835 | 30 |
| 37 | LMGTE Pro | 67 | Ford Chip Ganassi Team UK | 3:51.590 | 3:55.750 | +31.857 | 31 |
| 38 | LMGTE Pro | 66 | Ford Chip Ganassi Team UK | 3:52.038 | 3:58.358 | +32.305 | 32 |
| 39 | LMGTE Pro | 71 | AF Corse | 3:52.508 | 3:55.066 | +32.775 | 33 |
| 40 | LMGTE Pro | 82 | Risi Competizione | 3:53.176 | 3:55.032 | +33.443 | 34 |
| 41 | LMGTE Pro | 92 | Porsche Motorsport | 3:54.918 | 3:57.128 | +35.185 | 35 |
| 42 | LMGTE Pro | 95 | Aston Martin Racing | 3:55.261 | No Time | +35.528 | 36 |
| 43 | LMGTE Pro | 91 | Porsche Motorsport | 3:55.332 | 3:56.792 | +35.599 | 37 |
| 44 | LMGTE Pro | 97 | Aston Martin Racing | 3:55.380 | No Time | +35.647 | 38 |
| 45 | LMGTE Pro | 77 | Dempsey-Proton Racing | 3:55.426 | 3:57.082 | +35.693 | 39 |
| 46 | LMGTE Pro | 64 | Corvette Racing – GM | 3:55.848 | 3:58.493 | +36.115 | 40 |
| 47 | LMGTE Am | 61 | Clearwater Racing | 3:56.827 | 4:06.801 | +37.094 | 41 |
| 48 | LMGTE Am | 98 | Aston Martin Racing | 3:57.198 | No Time | +37.465 | 42 |
| 49 | LMGTE Am | 88 | Abu Dhabi-Proton Racing | 3:59.861 | 3:57.513 | +37.780 | 43 |
| 50 | LMGTE Am | 55 | AF Corse | 3:57.596 | 3:59.469 | +37.863 | 44 |
| 51 | LMGTE Am | 83 | AF Corse | 3:57.742 | 4:03.676 | +38.009 | 45 |
| 52 | LMGTE Pro | 63 | Corvette Racing – GM | 3:57.967 | 3:59.268 | +38.234 | 60[N 2] |
| 53 | LMGTE Am | 50 | Larbre Compétition | 3:58.018 | 4:27.530 | +38.285 | 46 |
| 54 | LMGTE Am | 60 | Formula Racing | 3:58.760 | 4:03.851 | +39.027 | 47 |
| 55 | LMGTE Am | 78 | KCMG | 3:59.245 | 3:59.034 | +39.301 | 48 |
| 56 | LMGTE Am | 62 | Scuderia Corsa | 4:00.008 | 4:05.643 | +40.275 | 49 |
| 57 | LMGTE Am | 89 | Proton Competition | 4:01.215 | 4:00.107 | +40.374 | 50 |
| 58 | LMGTE Am | 86 | Gulf Racing | 4:01.046 | 4:09.283 | +41.313 | 51 |
| 59 | LMGTE Am | 57 | Team AAI | 4:02.326 | 4:05.822 | +42.593 | 52 |
| 60 | LMGTE Am | 99 | Aston Martin Racing | 4:03.148 | No Time | +43.415 | 53 |
Race
Warm-up
The cars took to the circuit on Saturday morning for a 45-minute warm-up session. The No. 7 Audi driven by André Lotterer set the fastest time with a lap of three minutes and 25.886 seconds. Kobayashi and Lieb were second and third for Toyota and Porsche. Duval was fourth-fastest and had the fastest lap until the session's quickest three drivers recorded their times. The fastest LMP2 lap was set by Rast with a time of three minutes and 40.724 seconds. Müller, driving the No. 68 Ford GT, was the quickest driver in the LMGTE Pro category, with the No. 88 Abu Dhabi-Proton Porsche of Patrick Long the fastest of all the LMGTE Am drivers.[37] Paul-Loup Chatin went off the track leaving the Porsche Curves and lightly damaged the right-hand side of his No. 23 Panis-Barthez car in a collision with the turn's barriers. This triggered the deployment of red flags to allow his vehicle to be removed to a safe area. David Cheng went through standing water turning right heading into Indianapolis corner and slid sideways. He attempted to regain control of his car but heavily damaged his vehicle's right-hand side. The session was ended prematurely because of the limited time available.[38]
Daytime
Weather conditions at the start of the race were wet. The air temperature throughout the race ranged from 12.2 to 20.4 °C (54.0 to 68.7 °F) and the track temperature between 13 and 32 °C (55 and 90 °F).[39] 263,500 people attended the event.[40] The French tricolour was waved at 15:00 Central European Summer Time (CEST) by actor Brad Pitt to start the race.[41] Heavy rain fell on the circuit in the hour before the event started, forcing the race organisers to start it behind the safety car for the first time in history.[42] During the reconnaissance lap, the Ford No. 66 GT was pushed into the garage after it lost gearbox pressure making it difficult to change gears.[43] The safety car remained on the track for 53 minutes after which the cars were allowed to overtake when the track begun to dry.[44] Jani maintained his pole position advantage heading into the first corner. Mike Conway's No. 6 Toyota tried unsuccessfully to pass Bernhard heading into Mulsanne corner, allowing Lotterer to attack him entering the Dunlop Bridge. The Audis passed the No. 5 Toyota of Sébastien Buemi for fourth and fifth. Conway overtook Bernhard on the way into the first Mulsanne Chicane for second and took the lead from Jani at the eighth lap's conclusion.[43]
Duval passed Bernhard for third place while Lotterer began a sequence of pit stops to change to dry compound tyres soon after. After the pit stops, Lotterer moved to the front of the race with Hartley in second and Duval third after both Toyotas had slow stops. Lotterer extended his advantage to seven seconds before entering the pit lane for an unscheduled stop. He was pushed into his garage for a change of turbocharger and repairs to his car's rear hydraulics system, promoting Hartley to the lead. Duval retook first by passing Hartley on the pit lane straight but lost the position to him at Mulsanne corner when a short rain shower fell.[45] The LMP2 lead was taken by Roberto Merhi's No. 44 Manor at the start of the hour after he switched to the intermediate tyres during the first lap of competitive racing. In LMGTE Pro, Makowiecki's No. 92 Porsche was 13.8 seconds ahead of Richard Westbrook's No. 69 Ford. Westbrook eroded Makowiecki's advantage by going two seconds per lap faster than him. He took the class lead on the approach to Mulsanne Corner before the second hour was over.[45][46] The battle for the outright lead continued to be a multi-car duel between representatives of the three manufacturers as they were separated by less than three seconds. This fluctuated due to the various levels of traffic.[47]
Webber's No. 1 Porsche and Kobayashi's No. 6 Toyota exchanged the lead through the following pit stop cycle and the next three hours as the Toyotas were on track longer. This meant they ran a lap more at full speed in their attempt at making one less stop later in the race.[48] The lead of LMGTE Pro was left to Vilander's Risi Ferrari after Briscoe relieved Westbrook in the No. 69 Ford. Vilander pulled away from Briscoe, whose performance faded in the early phase of his first stint, and he was caught by Joey Hand's sister No. 68 car which was on average 1.6 seconds faster than his. Hand moved out of Briscoe's slipstream and overtook him on the Mulsanne Straight for second in class. Hand later caught the category-leading vehicle of Vilander and the two battled for several minutes until Hand overhauled Vilander and Briscoe followed soon after.[49][50] In LMP2 Matthew Rao took over from Merhi in the class leading No. 44 Manor, but he was under pressure from Ryo Hirakawa's No. 46 TDS Racing car in second and Will Stevens' third-placed No. 26 G-Drive entry with the trio close by one other. Four hours and fifty minutes into the race, Rao spun at the Dunlop Chicane. This promoted Hirakawa into the lead of LMP2 while Rao fell to fourth.[49]
Night
During the sixth hour of the race Kobayashi in the No. 6 Toyota was better able to mount a challenge to Webber and later Bernhard's No. 1 Porsche. Kobayashi lowered the No. 1 Porsche's advantage to 13.7 seconds after setting a new fastest lap of the race at three minutes and 21.445 seconds. He consistently set lap times in this range and strategically scythed his way through slower traffic. Matteo Malucelli returned the No. 82 Ferrari back to the front of LMGTE Pro after passing the two class leading Fords of Dixon and Stefan Mücke. Malucelli was later demoted from the top of LMGTE Pro to third when Sébastien Bourdais and later Dixon got ahead of him.[51][52] Kobayashi and later Sarrazin took the overall lead from Bernhard after a local slow zone procedure was activated for trackside officials to recover Taittinger's No. 28 Pegasus Morgan. Tattiner misjudged the braking point for the right-hand Mulsanne Corner and was beached in the gravel trap.[52] Bernhard lost forty seconds to Kobayashi because he lost sight on the approach to the slow zone due to the diminishing sunlight. He flat-spotted his tyres but stopped the No. 1 car from clouting the wall.[51][53] LMGTE Am had been led by Porsche from the start. The No. 88 Abu Dhabi-Proton car and the No. 78 KCMG entry exchanged the class lead until Lamy's No. 98 Aston Martin broke up the monopoly midway through the seventh hour when he overtook Christian Ried for second and began to draw closer to Long.[51][52]
As night fell on the circuit, the battle for the overall victory was left to both Toyotas and Porsches because Duval's No. 8 Audi dropped off the pace in fifth. Jani lapped more than a second faster than his teammate Bernhard and overtook him for second on the 120th lap.[54] This came as the Audis were instructed by race control to enter their garages for repairs to their number lighting systems.[55] Repairs to both Audis took less than six minutes each, and the team's drivers rejoined in the same positions they were in earlier.[54] Tsugio Matsuda's No. 47 KCMG car suffered an apparent power failure and pulled off to the side of the circuit on the straight linking the Mulsanne and Indianapolis turns. That allowed Roman Rusinov's No. 26 G-Drive Oreca back into third in LMP2 after the team recovered from a drive-through penalty and a subsequent puncture.[54][55] For 20 minutes the safety cars were dispatched to slow the race for a second time as two near simultaneous incidents involving GTE cars occurred. The first had Paul Dalla Lana's No. 98 Aston Martin hit the barrier beside the track on his way to the Porsche Curves. He spun across the track and beached the car facing oncoming traffic. Then Perrodo's No. 83 AF Corse Ferrari went straight into the gravel trap at Mulsanne Corner after he could not steer right.[54] In the meantime, Hartley's No. 1 Porsche was forced out of contention for the victory when it went to the garage for two and a half hours to rectify water pump and engine temperature problems, losing 39 laps and falling to 53rd.[56]
In LMP2 the safety cars had split the field, leaving Pierre Thiriet's No. 46 TDS Racing vehicle two minutes and 48 seconds ahead of Lapierre's second-place No. 36 Signatech Alpine car as it made a pit stop.[57] It did not, however, have much effect on the GTE classes as the gaps at the front of their respective fields was narrow.[54] When racing resumed Jani's No. 2 Porsche was able to attack Conway's No. 6 Toyota leaving Tertre Rouge turn and pass him for the lead into the first Mulsanne Chicane. Jani held the position until he made a pit stop and was relieved by Dumas.[57] Bradley ran wide into the entrance of the Porsche Curves due to a power steering failure that sent the No. 47 KCMG car deep into the gravel trap. The car was abandoned since it could not be restarted. Not long after Estre's No. 91 Porsche begun leaking oil on the run to the Porsche Curves as the car's engine failed. Pizzitola's No. 25 Algarve Pro entry was caught out by Estre's oil and slid sideways into the gravel. That caused the third deployment of the safety cars as marshals worked for 28 minutes to dry the spilled oil by scattering an oil-neutralising compound across the track. As the safety cars were recalled Dumas put pressure on Buemi's No. 5 Toyota and overtook him on the Mulsanne Straight for second. Soon after passing Kraihamer's No. 13 Rebellion for fifth Fässler's No. 7 Audi developed a hybrid system issue that forced its return to the pit lane.[58]
The LMGTE Am lead changed midway through the twelfth hour from Khalid Al-Qubaisi's No. 88 Abu Dhabi-Proton Porsche to Bell's No. 62 Scuderia Corsa Ferrari.[59] Not long after Stevens' No. 26 G-Drive Oreca served a one-minute stop-and-go penalty for speeding in a slow zone. He fell a further minute and a half behind Hirakawa's No. 46 TDS Racing car but stayed in third place in LMP2.[60] Several LMGTE cars took the opportunity to change brake discs at this point in the morning, including the LMGTE Pro leading Risi Ferrari of Fisichella. Halfway through the 13th hour, Kobayashi relinquished the No. 6 Toyota's hold on first to Lieb's No. 2 Porsche for five laps when he made an unscheduled pit stop to repair minor left-hand side bodywork damage.[59][61] Lieb could not establish a healthy advantage as a local slow zone procedure was needed for the No. 13 Rebellion of Tuscher who retired just before the entrance to the second Mulsanne Chicane with a fuel injector failure that shut down the R-One's engine.[59][61][62] Just after the slow zone was lifted, Lieb ran over some gravel that was strewn on the track and picked up a slow puncture. He was forced into the pit lane for a replacement wheel and fuel. Davidson's No. 5 Toyota inherited second. He started closing up to his teammate Kobayashi before Lieb retook the lead through the following pit stop cycle.[59][61]
Morning and early afternoon
A series of incidents in LMGTE Pro and LMP2 during the first hours of the morning prompted localised slow zone procedures and later the fourth deployment of the safety cars. Simon Dolan's No. 38 G-Drive car was hit by Dalla Lana's No. 98 Aston Martin that he lapped in the braking zone for the Ford Chicanes. Dolan was sent scuttling across the kerbing and heavily into the tyre barrier alongside the track. Later, Milner inflicted extensive damage to his No. 64 Corvette. He crashed into the end of the right-hand side tyre barrier at the entry to the Dunlop Chicane after losing control of its rear on the kerbs through driver error under braking. Soon after, Panciatici's fourth-placed No. 35 Baxi DC Alpine LMP2 ran straight across the gravel trap at the first Mulsanne Chicane and into the concrete wall. The final incident happened when Thiriet hit the inside barrier beside the circuit and removed the front bodywork from the No. 46 TDS Racing entry. He then ran over several trackside bollards on his way to beaching in the gravel trap.[63][64][65] The safety car separated the LMP1 field as Conway's and Buemi's Toyotas made pit stops. After racing resumed they slipstreamed one another in slower traffic on the Mulsanne Straight and Buemi overtook Conway around the outside for second. Conway and Buemi retook first and second when Jani's No. 2 Porsche made a pit stop from the lead by the close of the 17th hour and emerged close behind the pair.[63]
The outright leaders settled down as the 18th hour approached. The two Toyotas opened up a healthy advantage over Jani's No. 2 Porsche. He could not match their pace after his race-long speed advantage had been nullified at that point. Müller's No. 68 Ford fell back from the battle for the lead of LMGTE Pro with the No. 82 Risi Ferrari of Malucelli on the 245th lap. Müller was penalised with a drive-through penalty for having the engine running during his refuelling pit stop. He responded by going a second per lap faster than Malucelli. It lowered his lead in LMGTE Pro to seven seconds going into the next pit stop phase.[66] Hand later relieved Müller in the No. 68 Ford and got the car back to the front of LMGTE Pro by overtaking Malucelli on the first part of the Mulsanne Straight. He began to pull clear with four and a half hours remaining. Lieb's No. 2 Porsche returned to the outright lead, but he ceded it to Davidson's faster No. 5 Toyota on the approach to Mulsanne corner. The sister No. 6 Toyota had an anxious moment when Kobayashi lost control of the car on the way into Karting corner and came to a rest in the gravel trap. He returned to third without needing external aid but lost 20 seconds to teammate Davidson. The pressure put on Ford by Ferrari in LMGTE Pro eased when Vilander pirouetted the rear of the No. 82 car leaving the Porsche Curves. He kept second in class despite getting temporarily beached in the gravel trap.[67][68]
Kobayashi bowed out of the battle for the outright victory when he went to his garage to fix the No. 6 Toyota's floor, which was damaged during the night when it hit a slower car and have a precautionary cooling system check done so it could get to the end of the race. Although repairs to the car lost it three laps to Davidson's sister No. 5 Toyota it retained its hold on third as the No. 8 Audi was ten laps adrift in fourth.[69] Davidson and later Nakajima matched Jani's pace. He could not get a consistent rate of lap times or get closer to the front of the pack. This was after Porsche changed its strategy to match the one employed by Toyota throughout the event, which had the No. 2 car stay on track for fourteen lap stints.[70][71] Fuel mileage was also a concern for the LMGTE Pro leaders as Briscoe's No. 69 Ford stopped one lap later than all other cars in the class. That drew him closer to Vilander's No. 82 Risi Ferrari as Hand's sister No. 68 Ford was responding to his pace.[69][70] During the 22nd hour Mathias Lauda's No. 98 Aston Martin pulled off behind the left-hand concrete wall on the approach to the Porsche Curves with a terminal gearbox problem. Soon after that Tattinger's No. 28 Morgan Pegasus repeated its earlier excursion into the right-hand side gravel trap at Mulsanne Corner and retired a few minutes later with a right-rear tyre fire.[70]
Finish
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With six minutes remaining Nakajima's No. 5 Toyota was ahead of Jani's No. 2 Porsche by seventy seconds and looked set to clinch the manufacturer's first overall Le Mans victory. But Nakajima slowed to less than 200 km/h (120 mph) on the Mulsanne Straight due to a failure of the connector line linking the turbocharger and the intercooler. That caused the car to suddenly lose control over the turbocharger and reduced horsepower. Nakajima slowed even more two minutes later, and stopped the No. 5 Toyota after the start/finish line as the car's power gave out entirely.[72][73] Jani overcame the gap and overtook Nakajima seconds later to take the chequered flag for the No. 2 Porsche and the marque's eighteenth overall victory at Le Mans. It was Jani and Lieb's first Le Mans victory and Dumas' second after triumphing in 2010. The sister No. 6 Toyota of Sarrazin, Conway and Kobayashi finished three laps behind in second, while the No. 8 Audi of Duval, di Grassi and Jarvis took third to maintain Audi's record of getting one car on the podium since debuting in 1999.[74] The No. 36 Signatech Alpine of Lapierre, Gustavo Menezes and Stéphane Richelmi led the final 196 laps to take the victory in LMP2.[75] The second-placed No. 26 G-Drive Oreca of Rusinov, Rast and Stevens finished on the same lap as the Alpine. It gave Lapierre his second successive category win and Menezes and Richelmi's first. The all-Russian SMP Racing BR01 of Vitaly Petrov, Kirill Ladygin and Viktor Shaytar, which came four laps behind in third, completed the class podium.[76]
On the day of the fiftieth anniversary of their first overall 24 Hours of Le Mans victory in 1966, Ford won the LMGTE Pro class with the No. 68 American entry of Hand, Bourdais and Müller. Risi Competizione's No. 82 Ferrari were provisionally one minute adrift in second position with Fisichella, Vilander and Malucelli after they and the category winning Ford had led all but 26 laps of the race. Ford Chip Ganassi Racing USA's sister No. 69 car of Briscoe, Dixon and Westbrook was third.[75][77] After the race the No. 68 Ford was penalised a total of 70 seconds towards its total race time for being deemed to have sped in a slow zone and for having faulty wheel speed sensors. Risi's No. 82 Ferrari had twenty seconds added to its total time and fined €5,000 for ignoring multiple black flags with an orange disc that were deployed to instruct the team to rectify a faulty leader light board after Ford Chip Ganassi Racing filed a protest over the technical problem in the final hour of the event. The result of the penalties reduced the No. 68 Ford's margin of victory over the No. 82 Risi Ferrari to 10.2 seconds.[78] American also led LMGTE Am with the Scuderia Corsa's No. 62 Ferrari of Bell, Jeff Segal, and Bill Sweedler edging out the fellow No. 83 Ferrari of AF Corse, driven by Emmanuel Collard, Rui Águas. Perrodo. Al Qubaisi, Long, and David Heinemeier Hansson were third in class for Abu Dhabi-Proton.[77] There were 28 outright lead changes during the race; four cars reached the front of the field. The No. 6 Toyota led thirteen times for 173 laps, more than any other car. The No. 2 Porsche led twelve times for a total of 51 laps.[75]
Post-race
The top three finishers in all four categories appeared on the podium to collect their trophies and at their own separate press conferences. Lieb said of the No. 2 Porsche's outright victory, "The last quadruple stint I did was really on the edge. Even the first three stints were quite difficult with overtaking in the traffic and taking risks. In the last one I then also had to save fuel, and especially the front tyres that began to lose performance. I gave everything I had—and now I think I have to digest what all has happened today."[79] Kobayashi said the performance of the No. 6 Toyota demonstrated its strong pace, but that the team was not happy with second place, "Unfortunately our second position was not what we wanted. We are here to win so I am not really happy."[79] His co-driver Conway spoke of his mixed feelings over the result, "I have mixed feelings. Second is okay but we are all gutted for car #5. They drove a great race ... It’s okay to get one car on the podium but we wanted more." [79] Third-placed di Grassi described Audi's race as "horrible" and said the improved competition from Porsche and Toyota would require his team to improve for the rest of the season. "To finish on the podium is a nice reward, but this race [performance] is not Audi, with how many times we went into the garage, how many repairs we had to do, and how much time we spent stopped. We have to improve a lot. We have to beat the others on the track."[80]
The mechanical failure of the No. 5 Toyota in the closing minutes overshadowed the event.[81] Toyota team principal Hughes de Chaunac was visibly distraught and tearful over the manufacturer being denied a maiden victory at Le Mans.[82] He said, "You cannot accept that three minutes before the flag and just in front of you. You cannot believe it, we are just dreaming, it is so hard to accept it."[83] Jarvis, Jani, Webber, and the head of Audi Motorsport Wolfgang Ullrich expressed their reaction to Toyota.[79][83] Following the completion of an initial investigation into the failure five days later, Toyota denied any connection to similar engine problems the cars had at the preceding 6 Hours of Spa-Francorchamps held the month before.[72] The No. 5 car was not classified in the final result because it completed the last lap in 11 minutes and 53.815 seconds and it scored no championship points.[84] After discussion over the final lap, the ACO announced a new series of rule changes in December 2016 to deal with cars in the final minutes. The standards by which a car is classified have been changed. Instead of the mandatory six minutes for the final lap of the race, penalties will be awarded for any lap over six minutes on a gradual scale. Failure to complete the last lap of the race in under fifteen minutes will now lead to a car no longer being classified. Under the 2017 rules, there would have been a ten-lap penalty for the No. 5 car.[85]
The result increased Lieb, Jani and Dumas' advantage over the new second-placed trio of Duval, di Grassi and Jarvis in the Drivers' Championship to 39 points. Kobayashi, Conway and Sarrazin's second place finish advance the trio to third position in the standings. Lotterer, Fassler and Treulyer moved to fourth place and Kraihamer, Imperatori and Tuscher's non-finish dropped them to fifth.[4] In the Manufacturers' Championship, Porsche extended their lead over Audi to 38 points and Toyota fell to third position with six races left in the season.[4]
Race results
The minimum number of laps for classification (70% of the overall winning car's race distance) was 268 laps. Class winners are denoted with bold and
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Standings after the race
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Footnotes
- The No. 4 ByKolles CLM-AER, No. 28 Pegasus Morgan-Nissan, No. 30 Extreme Speed Ligier-Nissan, No. 22 SO24! Ligier-Judd, and No. 40 Krohn Ligier-Nissan were all demoted to the back of the starting grid for having a driver fail to set a lap time within 110% of their respective class pole position time.[36]
- The No. 27 SMP BR01-Nissan and No. 63 Corvette were demoted to the back of the grid for having a driver fail to complete a minimum of five laps at night during qualifying.[36]
- The No. 34 Race Performance Oreca-Judd was penalized for failing to meet the minimum drive time for the team's silver-rated driver. Eight laps plus two minutes were added to the team's total to account for the lost time.[87]
- The No. 5 Toyota was not classified in the race result for failing to complete the final lap of the race in under six minutes.[84]
- Cooper MacNeil was not allowed to drive the No. 89 Proton Porsche after becoming ill before the race. A last minute switch to reserve driver Gunnar Jeannette was denied by the ACO. The entry was allowed by the ACO to compete with only two drivers.[88]
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