2008 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania

The 2008 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania was part of the 2008 United States presidential election, which took place on November 4, 2008, throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose 21 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

Main article: 2008 United States presidential election
2008 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
November 4, 2008
 
Nominee Barack Obama John McCain
Party Democratic Republican
Home state Illinois Arizona
Running mate Joe Biden Sarah Palin
Electoral vote 21 0
Popular vote 3,276,363 2,655,885
Percentage 54.47% 44.15%
County Results
President before election

George W. Bush
Republican

 Elected President

Barack Obama
Democratic

Elections in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania was won by Democratic nominee Barack Obama by a 10.3% margin of victory. Prior to the election, all 17 news organizations considered this a state Obama would win, or otherwise considered as a safe blue state. Although the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania had voted for the Democratic presidential nominee in every election since 1992, the margins of victory have become smaller over the past elections, as was highlighted in 2004 when John Kerry won the Keystone State by a slim margin of 2.50 percent. Since George W. Bush came so close to winning the state in 2004 and because Barack Obama lost the Democratic primary to Hillary Rodham Clinton by nearly 10% in April 2008, many analysts believed that Republican John McCain had a decent shot at winning Pennsylvania in the general election.[1] Nevertheless, Pennsylvania remained blue and gave Obama 54.47% of the vote to McCain's 44.15%, a margin of 10.32%. Normally a close state, 2008 marked the first time since 1972 that Pennsylvania was decided by a double-digit margin and was the strongest Democratic showing in the state since 1964.

Democratic primary
Pennsylvania Democratic Primary, 2008
April 22, 2008 (2008-04-22)
 
Candidate Hillary Clinton Barack Obama
Party Democratic Democratic
Home state New York Illinois
Popular vote 1,275,039 1,061,441
Percentage 54.57% 45.43%

The Democratic primary was held on April 22. Voters also chose the Pennsylvania Democratic Party's candidates for various state and local offices.

The Democratic primary was open to registered Democrats only. Polls opened at 7am and closed at 8pm. Senators Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton were the only candidates on the ballot for President of the United States.[2] The primary was considered to be a "must win" for Clinton, who defeated Obama, but by a smaller margin than hoped for.

Hillary Clinton won the primary by 9.28%, a wider margin than expected than recent polls suggested, but smaller than most January and February polls. Despite her victory, she gained only nine delegates on Obama. In particular superdelegates were not swinging in her direction after her win; the Clintons had been trying to secure the support of Congressman Jason Altmire but he remained uncommitted after she won his district by 31% during the primary.[3]

Delegates

The Pennsylvania Democratic Party sent 187 delegates to the 2008 Democratic National Convention. Of those delegates, 158 were pledged, and 29 were unpledged. All of the 158 pledged delegates were allocated (pledged) to vote for a particular candidate at the National Convention according to the results of the Pennsylvania Presidential Primary. The 29 unpledged delegates were popularly called "superdelegates" because their vote represented their personal decisions, whereas the regular delegates' votes represented the collective decision of many voters. The superdelegates were free to vote for any candidate at the National Convention and were selected by the Pennsylvania Democratic Party's officials.[4][5]

The 158 pledged delegates were further divided into 103 district delegates and 55 statewide delegates. The 103 district delegates were divided among Pennsylvania's 19 Congressional Districts and were allocated to the presidential candidates based on the primary results in each district. The 55 statewide delegates were divided into 35 at-large delegates and 20 party leaders and elected officials (abbreviated PLEOs). They were allocated to the presidential candidates based on the preference of the delegates at the State Committee meeting on June 7.[4][5]

Of the 29 unpledged delegates, 26 were selected in advance and 3 were selected at the State Committee meeting. The delegates selected in advance were 13 Democratic National Committee members, the 11 Democratic U.S. Representatives from Pennsylvania, Democratic U.S. Senator Bob Casey, Jr., and Democratic Governor Ed Rendell.[4][5]

Importance of Pennsylvania

The primary was the first time since 1976 that Pennsylvania played a major role in a presidential nomination.[6]

Importance of Pennsylvania for Clinton
Bill Clinton at a "Solutions for America" rally at the Henry Memorial Center at Washington & Jefferson College on March 11, 2008[7]

As the race continued to Pennsylvania, Indiana, and North Carolina, many observers had concluded that Clinton had little chance to overcome Obama's lead in pledged delegates.[8]

Former President Bill Clinton highlighted the importance of the state for the Clinton campaign saying on March 11 at an event in Western Pennsylvania that "If she wins a big, big victory in Pennsylvania, I think it'll give her a real big boost going into the next primaries ... I think she's got to win a big victory in Pennsylvania. I think if she does, she can be nominated, but it's up to you."[9] This was a repetition of his tactic before March 4, warning supporters that his wife might not be able to continue if she did not win Ohio and Texas.[10] Hillary Clinton emphasized that Pennsylvania was something of a home state for her, as her father came from Scranton, Pennsylvania, she and her brothers were christened there and had vacationed near there each summer, and her brothers still maintained the family cottage near there.[11]

Importance of Pennsylvania to Obama

On March 18, 2008 Barack Obama chose Philadelphia as the site to deliver his much-anticipated "A More Perfect Union" speech dealing with the race and the controversy surrounding his pastor, Rev. Jeremiah Wright.

Campaign

Obama's "Road to Change" bus tour
Obama speaking at a Rally in Pittsburgh to kick off his statewide bus tour.

Obama started a 6-day "Road to Change" bus tour across Pennsylvania, with stops in Pittsburgh, Johnstown, Altoona, State College, Harrisburg

On March 28, Obama started the bus tour with a rally in Pittsburgh's Soldiers and Sailors Memorial Hall.[12] Obama was introduced and endorsed by Senator Bob Casey, Jr., who had indicated earlier that he would remain neutral in the democratic primary.[13]

Casey traveled to Florida over the Easter holiday, where he said rain forced him to stay inside and think about the election. Obama's ability to "transcend" the racial divide and his ability to engage younger voters proved decisive to his decision. According to sources, Casey's four daughters lobbied their dad to endorse Obama.[14]

On March 29, the Obama bus tour stopped at the Pleasant Valley Recreation Center in Altoona, where he famously bowled a 37.[15] Both Obama and Senator Casey (who rolled a score of 71) lost to local homemaker Roxanne Hart, who rolled a score of 82.[16] On April Fool's Day, Senator Clinton jokingly challenged Obama to a "bowl-off," with the winner taking all the delegates.[17]

Controversy

On April 11, 2008, Huffington Post blogger Mayhill Fowler, a self-admitted Barack Obama supporter, reported that during an April 6 "closed press" fundraising event in San Francisco, California, Obama recounted the obstacles facing his campaign in the Pennsylvania primary as it pertained to rural, white voters.[18] Fowler wrote that during the speech, Obama said the following:

You go into these small towns in Pennsylvania and, like a lot of small towns in the Midwest, the jobs have been gone now for 25 years and nothing's replaced them ... And they fell through the Clinton Administration, and the Bush Administration, and each successive administration has said that somehow these communities are gonna regenerate and they have not. And it's not surprising then they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations.

Fowler later posted a three-minute 30 second audio snippet confirming the accuracy of the remark. Senators Clinton and John McCain both issued statements condemning the remarks.[19] Obama later defended his comments, but conceded: "I didn't say it as well as I should have."[20] However, he also added: "I said something that everybody knows is true."[21] Obama had addressed similar themes of guns, religion, and economics in 2004 during an interview with Charlie Rose.[22]

Final week

On the last Friday before the primary, Senator Obama spoke on Independence Mall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to a crowd of more than 35,000, the largest audience yet drawn by either candidate during the campaign. The crowd was nearly twice what had been projected[23] and spilled over into nearby streets.[24] The next day, Obama conducted a whistle stop train tour from Philadelphia to Harrisburg, drawing a crowd of 6,000 at a stop in Wynnewood and 3,000 at a stop in Paoli. On Monday, Sen. Obama held the final events of his Pennsylvania campaign in Scranton, McKeesport and at the University of Pittsburgh's Petersen Events Center.[25]

The Saturday before the primary, Senator Clinton spoke in 5 Pennsylvania cities, including West Chester and York, Pennsylvania. More than 300 people showed up at the West Chester firehouse to hear the New York Senator speak.[26] At the Wilson high gymnasium in West Lawn, Pennsylvania, Clinton told several hundred more supporters: "The job of a leader is to bring people together to solve problems . . . to understand that sometimes we have to fight to get the political will and the votes to make that happen". On Monday, April 21, Senator Clinton along with husband Bill Clinton spoke to a crowd of 6,000 in Downtown Pittsburgh. Other events were held Monday in Scranton, Harrisburg, and Philadelphia.[27] Both candidates refused to participate in the political custom of street money.[28]

Polls

Public opinion polling from early January 2007 through mid-February 2008 consistently gave Hillary Clinton a double digit lead over Barack Obama.[29] By the beginning of April, polls of Pennsylvanians showed Obama trailing Clinton by an average of 5 points.[30] According to 2 polls taken one day before the primary, Hillary Clinton was leading Barack Obama by 49%–42% and 51%–41%. Other polls showed Clinton leading by an average of about 6%.[31]

Some superdelegates also announced their preferred candidates before the primary. As of April 30, 16 superdelegates had announced support for Senator Clinton and 5 had announced support for Senator Obama.[32]

Results
See also: Results of the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries

Primary date: April 22, 2008

National pledged delegates determined: 158

Pennsylvania Democratic presidential primary, 2008
Official Results[33]
Candidate Votes Percentage Estimated national delegates[5]
Hillary Clinton 1,275,039 54.57% 85
Barack Obama 1,061,441 45.43% 73
Totals 2,336,480 100.0% 158

Republican primary
Pennsylvania Republican primary, 2008
April 22, 2008 (2008-04-22)
 
Candidate John McCain Ron Paul Mike Huckabee
Party Republican Republican Republican
Home state Arizona Texas Arkansas
Delegate count 74 0 0
Popular vote 594,061 129,246 92,057
Percentage 72.86% 15.85% 11.29%

The Republican primary was also held on April 22 and voters also chose the Pennsylvania Republican Party's candidates for various state and local offices.

Polls opened at 7:00 am and closed at 8:00 pm. John McCain was the winner. He had already been declared the presumptive Republican Presidential nominee, having secured enough delegate votes in earlier primary contests to win the nomination at the 2008 Republican National Convention.

Ron Paul delivers a speech at the University of Pittsburgh on April 3, 2008.

Unlike on the Democratic side, little campaigning took place as John McCain had already clinched the nomination. Outsider candidate Ron Paul made several stops in the state, including his birthplace of Pittsburgh.

Official results
Candidate Votes Percentage Delegates
John McCain594,06172.86%74*
Ron Paul129,24615.85%0
Mike Huckabee*92,05711.29%0
Total815,364100%74

*Delegates are essentially unpledged in the Pennsylvania Republican primary.

Some media sources noted that Ron Paul and Mike Huckabee combined took in around 220,000 votes (about 27% of the vote), despite McCain's status as presumptive nominee and the statistical irrelevance of Pennsylvania, as a possible sign of continuing social conservative or libertarian unease with McCain's nomination and have speculated about whether these results could potentially affect McCain in the November general election. Although some strategists disputed this theory, pointing to low turnout among McCain supporters and arguing that primary results would not necessarily influence the November election.[34][35][36]

Campaign

Predictions

There were 16 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day:

Polling

Both McCain and Obama led in various state polls taken from February until the end of April, when Obama took a steady, moderate lead in the state polling. Obama's lead was temporarily reduced to within margins of error and ties when Governor Sarah Palin of Alaska was announced as McCain's running mate in late August, but when the financial crisis of 2008 became a more potent election issue near the end of September, Obama then took a double-digit lead in the state polls, causing many analysts to no longer consider Pennsylvania a swing state in 2008.[50] Nevertheless, John McCain campaigned heavily in the state near Election Day and some polls showed Obama's lead narrowing down to single digits. McCain hoped that Pennsylvania might be the swing state that ensured him a narrow victory. However, the economic crisis weighed heavily on the minds of voters across the country and in Pennsylvania it was no different where many voters blamed the Republicans for the collapse, ultimately helping Obama who ended up carrying Pennsylvania by a strong margin of 10.32%.

Fundraising

Obama raised $14,043,740. McCain raised $5,188,757.[51]

Advertising and visits

Obama spent almost $42 million, while McCain spent almost $30 million.[52] The Obama campaign visited the state 16 times. The McCain campaign visited here 31 times.[53]

Analysis

McCain did win more counties than Obama, but the counties carried by Obama were by far the most populated of the state, including Philadelphia, Allegheny and Lehigh counties, home to the state's three largest cities: Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Allentown respectively.[54]

Obama did extremely well throughout eastern Pennsylvania. He won more than 80% of voters in the city of Philadelphia, and two of its suburban counties gave him 3-to-2 margins (the other suburban counties also voted for Obama).[55] Democratic margins from Philadelphia and its suburbs were more than enough to ensure Obama's victory even if he had lost all the rest of the state. North of Philadelphia, the heavily industrialized, pro-union counties characterized by cities such as Scranton (birthplace of Obama's running mate, Joe Biden), Wilkes-Barre and Allentown strongly backed Obama as well. African-American and Latino voters, as well as younger college-age voters, in Monroe County and even in very Republican Pike and Wayne counties gave Obama a much greater share of the vote than Kerry received in 2004. He also managed to win two traditionally Republican counties in the eastern part of the state, Dauphin (home to the state capital, Harrisburg) and Berks (home to Reading); the last Democrat to carry these counties was Lyndon Johnson in 1964. In addition, Obama remained competitive in the two most Republican counties in the eastern region: Lancaster (which gave George W. Bush his largest margin of victory in the entire state) and York. While John Kerry lost Lancaster by 32%, Obama lost the county by only 12%, a substantial improvement.[55]

John McCain, however, did best in Southwestern Pennsylvania (around Pittsburgh), a part of Appalachia and the central, rural "T". Central Pennsylvania is a Republican stronghold; John McCain won the vast majority of its counties, often by substantial margins. However, Southwestern Pennsylvania, until recently, was the most Democratic region of the state (except for Philadelphia). Historically, when a Democrat carries Pennsylvania, the entire lower-left corner of the state from Pittsburgh to Johnstown is coated blue. The heavily unionized, Appalachian counties in and around Pittsburgh strongly voted against Ronald Reagan in 1984; in that election the only other county in the state to vote Democratic was Philadelphia.[56] In 2008, however, the Republicans won every single county in Southwestern Pennsylvania except for Allegheny County, home to Pittsburgh (which voted Democratic by 15%). It was one of the few regions in which Obama did worse than John Kerry. This largely mirrored Obama's struggles throughout Appalachia throughout the course of the Democratic primary, when voters in this region strongly backed Hillary Clinton.

The 2008 election confirmed Pennsylvania's status as a Democratic-leaning state. As Kerry showed in 2004, under most circumstances a Democrat can lose everywhere else in the state and still run up enough of a margin in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh to win. Pennsylvania would not vote for a Republican candidate until the 2016 Presidential election, when Donald Trump narrowly carried the state.

During the same election at the state level, Democrats picked up two seats in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives but Republicans picked up one seat in the Pennsylvania Senate. Democrats also picked up a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in Pennsylvania's 3rd Congressional District as Democrat Kathy Dahlkemper defeated 7-term incumbent Republican Phil English by a 2.48% margin of victory. Dahlkemper received 51.24% of the vote while English took in 48.76%.

As of the 2016 presidential election, this is the last election in which Carbon County, Elk County, Cambria County, and Berks County voted for the Democratic candidate.

Results
2008 United States presidential election in Pennsylvania
Party Candidate Running mate Votes Percentage Electoral votes
Democratic Barack Obama Joe Biden 3,276,363 54.47% 21
Republican John McCain Sarah Palin 2,655,885 44.15% 0
Independent Ralph Nader Matt Gonzalez 42,977 0.71% 0
Libertarian Bob Barr Wayne Allyn Root 19,912 0.33% 0
Write-ins Write-ins 18,921 0.31% 0
Constitution Chuck Baldwin Darrell Castle 1,348 0.02% 0
Green Cynthia McKinney Rosa Clemente 71 0.00% 0
Totals 6,015,477 100.00% 21
Voter turnout (Voting age population) 63.7%

By county
County[57] Barack Hussein Obama
Democratic		 John Sidney McCain
Republican		 Ralph Nader
Independent		 Robert Laurence Barr Jr.
Libertarian		 Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # %
Adams 17,633 39.63% 26,349 59.22% 355 0.80% 154 0.35% -8,716 -19.59% 44,491
Allegheny 373,153 57.28% 272,347 41.81% 3,927 0.60% 2,009 0.31% 100,806 15.47% 651,436
Armstrong 11,138 37.03% 18,542 61.64% 263 0.87% 138 0.46% -7,404 -24.61% 30,081
Beaver 40,499 47.93% 42,895 50.77% 826 0.98% 268 0.32% -2,396 -2.84% 84,488
Bedford 6,059 27.00% 16,124 71.84% 164 0.73% 96 0.43% -10,065 -44.85% 22,443
Berks 97,047 53.91% 80,513 44.73% 1,614 0.90% 826 0.46% 16,534 9.19% 180,000
Blair 19,813 37.31% 32,708 61.59% 335 0.63% 246 0.46% -12,895 -24.28% 53,102
Bradford 10,306 39.97% 15,057 58.39% 302 1.17% 122 0.47% -4,751 -18.42% 25,787
Bucks 179,031 53.78% 150,248 45.13% 2,405 0.72% 1,240 0.37% 28,783 8.65% 332,924
Butler 32,260 35.68% 57,074 63.12% 722 0.80% 369 0.41% -24,814 -27.44% 90,425
Cambria 32,451 49.42% 31,995 48.72% 905 1.38% 319 0.49% 456 0.69% 65,670
Cameron 879 39.15% 1,323 58.93% 34 1.51% 9 0.40% -444 -19.78% 2,245
Carbon 13,464 50.01% 12,957 48.13% 379 1.41% 123 0.46% 507 1.88% 26,923
Centre 41,950 55.37% 32,992 43.55% 488 0.64% 333 0.44% 8,958 11.82% 75,763
Chester 137,833 54.19% 114,421 44.98% 1,230 0.48% 870 0.34% 23,412 9.20% 254,354
Clarion 6,756 38.03% 10,737 60.44% 169 0.95% 104 0.59% -3,981 -22.41% 17,766
Clearfield 14,555 43.05% 18,662 55.19% 443 1.31% 153 0.45% -4,107 -12.15% 33,813
Clinton 7,097 47.98% 7,504 50.73% 136 0.92% 54 0.37% -407 -2.75% 14,791
Columbia 13,230 47.14% 14,477 51.59% 264 0.94% 92 0.33% -1,247 -4.44% 28,063
Crawford 16,780 44.00% 20,750 54.41% 437 1.15% 167 0.44% -3,970 -10.41% 38,134
Cumberland 48,306 42.63% 63,739 56.25% 789 0.70% 470 0.41% -15,433 -13.62% 113,304
Dauphin 69,975 54.02% 58,238 44.96% 816 0.63% 500 0.39% 11,737 9.06% 129,529
Delaware 178,870 60.22% 115,273 38.81% 1,955 0.66% 906 0.31% 63,597 21.41% 297,004
Elk 7,290 51.08% 6,676 46.78% 220 1.54% 85 0.60% 614 4.30% 14,271
Erie 75,775 59.34% 50,351 39.43% 1,167 0.91% 398 0.31% 25,424 19.91% 127,691
Fayette 25,866 49.21% 26,081 49.62% 456 0.87% 157 0.30% -215 -0.41% 52,560
Forest 1,038 42.47% 1,366 55.89% 30 1.23% 10 0.41% -328 -13.42% 2,444
Franklin 21,169 33.26% 41,906 65.85% 370 0.58% 196 0.31% -20,737 -32.58% 63,641
Fulton 1,576 24.99% 4,642 73.61% 57 0.90% 31 0.49% -3,066 -48.62% 6,306
Greene 7,829 49.00% 7,889 49.38% 219 1.37% 39 0.24% -60 -0.38% 15,976
Huntingdon 6,621 35.54% 11,745 63.04% 196 1.05% 70 0.38% -5,124 -27.50% 18,632
Indiana 17,065 45.75% 19,727 52.88% 357 0.96% 153 0.41% -2,662 -7.14% 37,302
Jefferson 6,447 34.29% 12,057 64.13% 192 1.02% 106 0.56% -5,610 -29.84% 18,802
Juniata 3,068 31.59% 6,484 66.77% 107 1.10% 52 0.54% -3,416 -35.18% 9,711
Lackawanna 67,520 62.59% 39,488 36.60% 702 0.65% 166 0.15% 28,032 25.99% 107,876
Lancaster 99,586 43.65% 126,568 55.48% 1,218 0.53% 765 0.34% -26,982 -11.83% 228,137
Lawrence 19,711 46.82% 21,851 51.90% 395 0.94% 146 0.35% -2,140 -5.08% 42,103
Lebanon 23,310 39.98% 34,314 58.86% 449 0.77% 224 0.38% -11,004 -18.88% 58,297
Lehigh 87,089 57.12% 63,382 41.57% 1,477 0.97% 525 0.34% 23,707 15.55% 152,473
Luzerne 72,492 53.63% 61,127 45.22% 1,139 0.84% 417 0.31% 11,365 8.41% 135,175
Lycoming 18,381 37.33% 30,280 61.50% 383 0.78% 193 0.39% -11,899 -24.17% 49,237
Mckean 6,465 40.54% 9,224 57.84% 200 1.25% 58 0.36% -2,759 -17.30% 15,947
Mercer 26,411 49.07% 26,565 49.36% 611 1.14% 234 0.43% -154 -0.29% 53,821
Mifflin 5,375 32.57% 10,929 66.23% 157 0.95% 41 0.25% -5,554 -33.66% 16,502
Monroe 39,453 57.64% 28,293 41.34% 498 0.73% 199 0.29% 11,160 16.31% 68,443
Montgomery 253,393 59.99% 165,552 39.19% 2,091 0.50% 1,383 0.33% 87,841 20.79% 422,419
Montour 3,364 41.93% 4,574 57.01% 67 0.84% 18 0.22% -1,210 -15.08% 8,023
Northampton 75,255 55.50% 58,551 43.18% 1,253 0.92% 528 0.39% 16,704 12.32% 135,587
Northumberland 14,329 42.22% 19,018 56.04% 415 1.22% 177 0.52% -4,689 -13.82% 33,939
Perry 6,396 32.39% 13,058 66.13% 198 1.00% 93 0.47% -6,662 -33.74% 19,745
Philadelphia 595,980 83.08% 117,221 16.34% 3,071 0.43% 1,057 0.15% 478,759 66.74% 717,329
Pike 11,493 47.33% 12,518 51.55% 186 0.77% 87 0.36% -1,025 -4.22% 24,284
Potter 2,300 30.64% 5,109 68.06% 63 0.84% 35 0.47% -2,809 -37.42% 7,507
Schuylkill 28,300 44.88% 33,767 53.55% 702 1.11% 288 0.46% -5,467 -8.67% 63,057
Snyder 5,382 34.77% 9,900 63.96% 139 0.90% 58 0.37% -4,518 -29.19% 15,479
Somerset 12,878 36.62% 21,686 61.66% 401 1.14% 203 0.58% -8,808 -25.05% 35,168
Sullivan 1,233 39.52% 1,841 59.01% 32 1.03% 14 0.45% -608 -19.49% 3,120
Susquehanna 8,381 43.46% 10,633 55.13% 191 0.99% 81 0.42% -2,252 -11.68% 19,286
Tioga 6,390 35.53% 11,326 62.98% 177 0.98% 91 0.51% -4,936 -27.45% 17,984
Union 7,333 42.14% 9,859 56.66% 136 0.78% 72 0.41% -2,526 -14.52% 17,400
Venango 9,238 39.64% 13,718 58.86% 250 1.07% 101 0.43% -4,480 -19.22% 23,307
Warren 8,537 46.10% 9,685 52.30% 222 1.20% 73 0.39% -1,148 -6.20% 18,517
Washington 46,122 47.04% 50,752 51.76% 841 0.86% 332 0.34% -4,630 -4.72% 98,047
Wayne 9,892 43.32% 12,702 55.63% 191 0.84% 50 0.22% -2,810 -12.31% 22,835
Westmoreland 72,721 41.11% 102,294 57.83% 1,301 0.74% 557 0.31% -29,573 -16.72% 176,873
Wyoming 5,985 45.55% 6,983 53.15% 120 0.91% 50 0.38% -998 -7.60% 13,138
York 82,839 42.65% 109,268 56.26% 1,372 0.71% 731 0.38% -26,429 -13.61% 194,210
Totals3,276,36354.65%2,655,88544.30%42,9770.72%19,9120.33%620,47810.35%5,995,137

By congressional district

Although Barack Obama won Pennsylvania, John McCain carried 10 of the commonwealth's 19 congressional districts, including four districts held by Democrats. One district, PA-03, was extremely close, however, with McCain only winning by 17 votes.[58] Obama won 9 districts, including two districts held by Republicans.

District McCain Obama Representative
1st 11.72% 87.82% Bob Brady
2nd 9.52% 90.05% Chaka Fattah
3rd 49.30% 49.30% Phil English (110th Congress)
Kathy Dahlkemper (111th Congress)
4th 54.72% 44.27% Jason Altmire
5th 54.55% 44.05% John E. Peterson (110th Congress)
Glenn Thompson (111th Congress)
6th 41.21% 57.81% Jim Gerlach
7th 43.20% 55.84% Joe Sestak
8th 44.99% 53.92% Patrick Murphy
9th 63.36% 35.43% Bill Shuster
10th 53.60% 45.17% Chris Carney
11th 44.99% 53.92% Paul Kanjorski
12th 49.43% 49.12% John Murtha
13th 40.51% 58.56% Allyson Schwartz
14th 29.03% 69.99% Mike Doyle
15th 43.14% 55.58% Charlie Dent
16th 51.39% 47.74% Joe Pitts
17th 51.10% 47.65% Tim Holden
18th 54.90% 44.15% Tim Murphy
19th 56.25% 42.64% Todd Platts

Electors
Main article: List of 2008 United States presidential electors

Technically the voters of Pennsylvania cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Pennsylvania is allocated 21 electors because it has 19 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 21 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 21 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them.[59] An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.

The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 15, 2008, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.

The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state. All 20 were pledged to Barack Obama and Joe Biden:[60]

  1. Lynne Abraham
  2. Christopher Lewis
  3. John Brenne
  4. Valerie McDonald-Roberts
  5. Eileen Connell
  6. Thomas McMahon
  7. Kathi Cozzone
  8. Robert Mello
  9. John Fetterman
  10. Michael A. Nutter
  11. William George
  12. Corey O'Brien
  13. Patrick B. Gillespie
  14. Joshua Shapiro
  15. Richard Gray
  16. Jack Wagner
  17. Franco Harris
  18. Michael Washo
  19. George Hartwick
  20. Daylin Leach
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References
  1. "Poll: Obama leads McCain in swing states". CNN. 2008-06-18. Retrieved 2008-12-06.
  2. "Unofficial List of Candidates" (PDF).
  3. Baker, Peter; Rutenberg, Jim (2008-06-08). "The Long Road to a Clinton Exit". The New York Times.
  4. "Pennsylvania Delegate Selection Plan For The 2008 Democratic National Convention" (PDF). Pennsylvania Democratic Party. 2007-08-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-06-25. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
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  60. Running for Office

See also
  • Pennsylvania Democratic primary, 2004
  • Republican Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008
  • Democratic Party (United States) presidential primaries, 2008
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