2002 in spaceflight

This article outlines notable events occurring in 2002 in spaceflight, including major launches and EVAs.

2002 in spaceflight
Soyuz TMA-1, the first Soyuz-TMA spacecraft, approaches the International Space Station in November
Orbital launches
First16 January
Last29 December
Total65
Successes60
Failures5
Catalogued62
National firsts
Satellite Algeria
Space traveller South Africa
Rockets
Maiden flightsAriane 5ECA
Atlas IIIB
Atlas V 401
Delta IV-M+ (4,2)
H-IIA 2024
RetirementsAriane 4 42L
Ariane 4 42P
Atlas IIA
Crewed flights
Orbital7
Total travellers40

Launches

Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)
Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks

January

16 January
00:30
Titan IVB (401)/Centaur Cape Canaveral SLC-40 Lockheed Martin
Milstar DFS-5 (USA-164) US Air Force Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
23 January
23:46
Ariane 4 42L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
INSAT-3C ISRO Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Ariane 4 42L

February

4 February
02:45
H-IIA 2024 Tanegashima LA-Y1 MHI
MDS-1 JAXA Geosynchronous Technology demonstrationIn orbitSuccessful
DASH JAXA Geosynchronous Re-entry demonstrationIn orbitSpacecraft failure
Maiden flight of H-IIA 2024. DASH failed to separate from payload adapter.
5 February
20:58
Pegasus-XL Stargazer, Cape Canaveral Orbital Sciences
RHESSI NASA Low Earth HeliophysicsIn orbitSuccessful
11 February
17:45
Delta II 7920-10C Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
Iridium 91 Iridium Low Earth Communications13 March 2019[2]Successful
Iridium 90 Iridium Low Earth Communications23 January 2019[4]Successful
Iridium 94 Iridium Low Earth Communications18 April 2018[6]Successful
Iridium 95 Iridium Low Earth Communications25 March 2019[8]Successful
Iridium 96 Iridium Low Earth Communications30 May 2020[10]Successful
21 February
12:43
Atlas IIIB Cape Canaveral SLC-36B International Launch Services
Echostar 7 Echostar Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Atlas IIIB.
23 February
06:59
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Intelsat 904 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 February
17:26
Soyuz-U Plesetsk Site 43/3 VKS
Kosmos 2387 VKS Low Earth Reconnaissance27 June
02:30
Successful

March

1 March
01:07
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Envisat ESA Sun-synchronous Environmental researchIn orbitOperational
1 March
11:22
Space Shuttle Columbia Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-109 NASA Low Earth (HST) HST servicing12 MarchOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts
Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission 3B
8 March
22:59
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A International Launch Services
TDRS-9 (TDRS-I) NASA Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitPartial spacecraft failure
Operational
Propellant issues shortly after launch halved spacecraft fuel supply
17 March
09:21
Rockot/Briz-KM Plesetsk Site 133/3 Eurockot
GRACE 1 NASA Sun-synchronous In orbitOperational
GRACE 2 NASA Sun-synchronous In orbitOperational
21 March
20:13
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Progress M1-8 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics25 June
12:13
Successful
ISS flight 7P
25 March
14:15
Long March 2F Jiuquan CAAC
Shenzhou 3 CAAC Low Earth Test spacecraft1 April
08:51
Successful
Shenzhou spacecraft orbital module CAAC Low Earth Scientific research12 NovemberSuccessful
29 March
01:29
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Astra 3A SES Astra Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
JCSAT 8 JSAT Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
30 March
17:25
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Intelsat 903 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

April

1 April
22:06
Molniya-M Plesetsk Site 16/2 VKS
Kosmos 2388 VKS Molniya Missile early warning14 September 2011Operational
8 April
20:44
Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-110 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly19 AprilSuccessful
S0 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts
16 April
23:02
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
NSS 7 SES New Skies Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 April
06:26
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TM-34 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS escape craft10 NovemberSuccessful
Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts including one space tourist and the first South African space traveller
Final flight of Soyuz-TM spacecraft

May

4 May
01:31
Ariane 4 42P Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
SPOT-5 CNES Low Earth Earth imagingIn orbitOperational
BreizhSat-Oscar 47 (Indefix) AMSAT Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
BreizhSat-Oscar 48 (Indefix) AMSAT Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Ariane 4 42P
4 May
09:54
Delta II 7920-10L Vandenberg SLC-2W Boeing IDS
Aqua NASA Sun-synchronous (A-train) Environmental researchIn orbitOperational
7 May
17:00
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
DirecTV-5 DirecTV Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
15 May
01:50
Long March 4B Taiyuan
Hai Yang 1 CASC Low Earth Earth observationIn orbitOperational
Feng Yun 1D CASC Low Earth Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
28 May
15:25
Shavit-1 Palmachim IAI
Ofeq-5 Low Earth (retrograde) ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
28 May
18:14
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1 VKS
Kosmos 2389 Low Earth In orbitOperational

June

5 June
06:44
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Intelsat 905 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
5 June
21:22
Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-111 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly19 JuneSuccessful
Leonardo MPLM ASI / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS logisticsSuccessful
Canadarm2 Mobile Base Structure CSA / NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts
ISS crew exchange (launched Expedition 5)
10 June
01:14
Proton-K / DM-2M Baikonur Site 200/39 Khrunichev
Ekspress A4 (A1R) RSCC Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
Guidance error during ascent, recovered and placed in correct orbit using upper stage. Decommissioned in early 2020 after seventeen years in service.[11]
15 June
22:39
Zenit-3SL Ocean Odyssey Sea Launch
Galaxy 3C PanAmSat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
20 June
09:33
Rockot / Briz-KM Plesetsk Site 133/3 Eurockot
Iridium 97 Iridium Low Earth Communications27 December 2019
17:30[12]
Successful
Iridium 98 Iridium Low Earth Communications24 August 2018[14]Successful
24 June
18:23
Titan 23G Vandenberg SLC-4W Lockheed Martin
NOAA-17 (NOAA-M) NOAA Low Earth (SSO) MeteorologyIn orbitOperational
26 June
05:36
Soyuz-U Baikonur Site 1/5 Roscosmos
Progress M-46 Roscosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS logistics14 OctoberSuccessful
ISS flight 8P

July

3 July
06:47
Delta II 7425-9.5 Cape Canaveral SLC-17A Boeing IDS
CONTOUR NASA Intended: Heliocentric Comet probeIn orbitFailure
Exploded during injection into Heliocentric orbit
Intended to visit comet 2P/Encke
5 July
23:22
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Stellat 5 Stellat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
N-STAR c Stellat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
8 July
06:35
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1 VKS
Kosmos 2390 Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2391 Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 July
15:13
Proton-K/17S40 Baikonur Site 81/24 VKS
Kosmos 2392 Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational

August

21 August
22:05
Atlas V 401 Cape Canaveral SLC-41 International Launch Services
Hot Bird 6 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Atlas V and the first launch of an EELV class rocket
22 August
05:15
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Echostar 8 Echostar Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
28 August
22:45
Ariane 5G Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Atlantic Bird 1 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Meteosat 8 Eumetsat Geosynchronous Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational

September

6 September
06:44
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
Intelsat 906 Intelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
10 September
08:20
H-IIA 2024 Tanegashima LA-Y1
USERS JAXA Low Earth Microgravity experiments15 June 2007
19:56
Successful
DRTS NASDA Geostationary CommunicationsIn orbitSuccessful
12 September
10:23
PSLV-C Satish Dhawan ISRO
Kalpana-1 (METSAT 1) ISRO Geostationary Weather satelliteIn orbitOperational
15 September
10:30
Kaituozhe-1 Taiyuan
HTSTL-1 Tsinghua University Intended: Low Earth Experimental15 SeptemberLaunch failure
Second stage malfunction
18 September
22:04
Atlas IIAS Cape Canaveral SLC-36A International Launch Services
Hispasat 1D Hispasat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
25 September
16:58
Soyuz-FG Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmsos
Progress M1-9 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) Logistics1 February 2003Successful
ISS flight 9P
26 September
14:27
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1 VKS
Nadezhda-M VKS Low Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational

October

7 October
10:46
Space Shuttle Atlantis Kennedy LC-39B United Space Alliance
STS-112 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly18 OctoberSuccessful
S1 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
CETA NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
Crewed orbital flight with 6 astronauts
15 October
18:20
Soyuz-U Plesetsk Site 43/3
Foton-M1 ESA Intended: Low Earth Microgravity experimentsT+29 secondsLaunch failure
LRB exploded
17 October
04:41
Proton-K/17S40 Baikonur Site 81/23
INTEGRAL ESA High Earth (High eccentricity) AstrophysicsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of 17S40 upper stage
27 October
03:17
Long March 4B Taiyuan
Zi Yau 2 CAST Low Earth ReconnaissanceIn orbitOperational
30 October
03:11
Soyuz-FG Baikonur Site 1/5 Roskosmos
Soyuz TMA-1 Roskosmos Low Earth (ISS) ISS escape craft4 May 2003Successful
Crewed orbital flight with 3 cosmonauts
Maiden flight of Soyuz-TMA spacecraft

November

20 November
22:39
Delta IV-M+ (4,2) (9240) Cape Canaveral SLC-37B Boeing IDS
Eutelsat W5 Eutelsat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Maiden flight of Delta IV
24 November
00:49
Space Shuttle Endeavour Kennedy LC-39A United Space Alliance
STS-113 NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS assembly7 DecemberSuccessful
P1 Truss NASA Low Earth (ISS) ISS componentIn orbitOperational
MEPSI NASA Low Earth Technology demonstration31 January 2003Successful
Crewed orbital flight with 7 astronauts
ISS crew exchange (launched Expedition 6)
MEPSI is 2 picosatellites connected by a 15 meter tether
25 November
23:04
Proton-K/DM-2M Baikonur Site 81/23 International Launch Services
Astra 1K SES Astra Intended: Geosynchronous
Attained: Low Earth
Communications10 DecemberLaunch failure
Upper stage malfunction resulted in satellite being placed into an unusable parking orbit. Intentionally de-orbited.
28 November
06:07
Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1 VKS
AlSat-1 CNTS Low Earth Disaster monitoringIn orbitOperational
Mozhayets-3 Mozhaisky Low Earth Technology demonstrationIn orbitOperational
Rubin-3-DSI OHB System Low Earth Measure carrier rocket performanceIn orbitSuccessful
AlSat was first Algerian satellite, Rubin intentionally remained attached to upper stage

December

5 December
02:42
Atlas IIA Cape Canaveral SLC-36A International Launch Services
TDRS-10 (TDRS-J) NASA Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
Final flight of Atlas IIA
11 December
22:22
Ariane 5ECA Kourou ELA-3 Arianespace
Hot Bird 7 Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous CommunicationsT+178 secondsLaunch failure
Stentor Eutelsat Intended: Geosynchronous Communications
Engine failure leading to loss of control, self-destruct activated
Maiden flight of Ariane 5ECA
14 December
23:04
H-IIA 202 Tanegashima LA-Y1
Adeos 2 NASDA Low Earth Environmental researchIn orbitOperational
Mu-Labsat NASDA Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
RITE NASDA Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
RITE NASDA Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
FedSat Centre for Satellite Systems Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
WEOS (Kanta-Kun) Chiba Institute of Technology Low Earth LandsatIn orbitOperational
RITE deployed by Mu-Labsat on 14 March 2003 at 01:40 and 01:50 UTC
17 December
23:04
Ariane 4 44L Kourou ELA-2 Arianespace
NSS-6 SES New Skies Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
20 December
17:00
Dnepr Baikonur Site 109/95 ISC Kosmotras
LatinSat 1 Aprize Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
LatinSat 2 Aprize Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
SaudiSat 1S RSRI Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
UniSat 2 University of Rome La Sapienza Low Earth Technology developmentIn orbitOperational
Rubin 2 OHB System Low Earth CommunicationsIn orbitOperational
24 December
12:20
Molniya-M Plesetsk Site 16/2 VKS
Kosmos 2393 VKS Molniya Missile early warning22 December 2013Successful
25 December
10:37
Proton-K/DM-2 Baikonur Site 81/23 VKS
Kosmos 2394 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2395 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
Kosmos 2396 (GLONASS) KNITs Medium Earth NavigationIn orbitOperational
29 December
16:40
Long March 2F Jiuquan
Shenzhou 4 CASC Low Earth Test spacecraft5 January 2003
11:16
Successful
Shenzhou spacecraft orbital module CASC Low Earth Test spacecraft9 September 2003Successful
29 December
23:16
Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur Site 81/24 International Launch Services
Nimiq 2 Telesat Geosynchronous CommunicationsIn orbitOperational

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (GMT) Spacecraft Event Remarks
17 JanuaryGalileo5th flyby of Io
2 NovemberStardustFlyby of 5535 Annefrank
5 NovemberGalileoFlyby of Amalthea
20 DecemberNozomi2nd flyby of the Earth

EVAs

Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Function Remarks
14 January
20:59
6 hours
3 minutes
15 January
03:02
Expedition 4
ISS Pirs
Yuri Onufriyenko
Carl E. Walz
Moved the cargo boom for the Russian Strela crane from PMA-1 to the exterior of Pirs, installed an amateur radio antenna onto the end of Zvezda.[15]
25 January
15:19
5 hours
59 minutes
21:18 Expedition 4
ISS Pirs
Yuri Onufriyenko
Daniel W. Bursch
Installed six deflector shields for Zvezda's jet thrusters, installed a second amateur radio antenna, attached four science experiments, and retrieved and replaced a device to measure material from the thrusters.[15]
20 February
11:38
5 hours
47 minutes
17:25 Expedition 4
ISS Quest
Carl E. Walz
Daniel W. Bursch
Tested the Quest airlock, and prepared it for the four spacewalks that will be performed during STS-110.[15] First Quest-based EVA without a Space Shuttle at the station.
4 March
06:37
7 hours
1 minute
13:38 STS-109
Columbia
John M. Grunsfeld
Richard M. Linnehan
Removed the starboard solar array and replaced it with a new, smaller and more powerful third generation solar array. The old array was stowed in the payload bay for return to earth.[16] Hubble Space Telescope servicing
5 March
06:40
7 hours
16 minutes
13:56 STS-109
Columbia
James H. Newman
Michael J. Massimino
Removed the port solar array and replaced it with a new third generation solar array. The old array was stowed in the payload bay for return to earth. Removed and replaced the Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA).[17] Hubble Space Telescope servicing
6 March
08:28
6 hours
48 minutes
15:16 STS-109
Columbia
John M. Grunsfeld
Richard M. Linnehan
The spacewalk was delayed 2 hours by a leak in Grunsfeld's spacesuit. The Power Control Unit (PCU) was removed and stowed for return to earth. A new, more powerful PCU, sized to match the more productive solar arrays, was installed.[18] Hubble Space Telescope servicing
7 March
09:00
7 hours
30 minutes
16:30 STS-109
Columbia
James H. Newman
Michael J. Massimino
Removed the Faint Object Camera from the aft shroud and installed the Advanced Camera for Surveys in the same location. After stowing the Faint Object Camera in the payload bay for return to earth, the Electronic Support Module was installed in the aft shroud.[19] Hubble Space Telescope servicing
8 March
08:46
7 hours
20 minutes
16:06 STS-109
Columbia
John M. Grunsfeld
Richard M. Linnehan
Installed an experimental Cryocooler for NICMOS inside the aft shroud of and connected it to the Electronic Support Module installed the day before. Installed the Cooling System Radiator and connected it to the NICMOS.[20] Hubble Space Telescope servicing
11 April
14:36
7 hours
48 minutes
22:24 STS-110
ISS Quest
Steven Smith
Rex J. Walheim
Began installing the S0 Truss onto Destiny, initial power and data connections installed between the station and S0, and installed two forward struts that permanently hold the truss in place.[21]
13 April
14:09
7 hours
30 minutes
21:39 STS-110
ISS Quest
Jerry L. Ross
Lee M.E. Morin
Continued S0 Truss installation, power and data cable connections installed between S0 and the station, and installed two aft struts that permanently hold the truss in place.[21]
14 April
13:48
6 hours
27 minutes
20:15 STS-110
ISS Quest
Steven Smith
Rex J. Walheim
Released the claw that was used in the initial attachment of the S0 Truss, installed connectors that will be used to route power to Canadarm2 when it is on the truss, released launch restraints from the Mobile Transporter, and removed a small thermal cover the Mobile Transporter's radiator.[21]
16 April
14:29
6 hours
37 minutes
21:06 STS-110
ISS Quest
Jerry L. Ross
Lee M.E. Morin
Pivoted the "Airlock Spur", which will be used by spacewalkers in the future as a path from the airlock to the truss, installed handrails onto S0, partially assembled a platform, and installed two floodlights.[21][22]
9 June
15:27
7 hours
14 minutes
22:41 STS-111
ISS Quest
Franklin Chang-Diaz
Philippe Perrin
Attached a Power Data Grapple Fixture to the P6 truss, removed debris panels from the payload bay and attached them to a temporary location on PMA-1, and removed thermal blankets to prepare the Mobile Base System for installation onto the station's Mobile Transporter.[23][24]
11 June
15:20
5 hours 20:20 STS-111
ISS Quest
Franklin Chang-Diaz
Philippe Perrin
Attached Mobile Base System to the Mobile Transporter, attached power, data and video cables from the station to the MBS.[23][25]
13 June
15:16
7 hours
17 minutes
22:33 STS-111
ISS Quest
Franklin Chang-Diaz
Philippe Perrin
Replaced Canadarm2's wrist roll joint, and stowed the old joint in the shuttle's payload bay to be returned to Earth.[23][26]
16 August
09:25
4 hours
23 minutes
13:48 Expedition 5
ISS Pirs
Valery Korzun
Peggy Whitson
Installed six micro meteoroid debris panels onto Zvezda.[27] Whitson became the 6th American and the 7th female spacewalker.
26 August
05:27
5 hours
21 minutes
10:48 Expedition 5
ISS Pirs
Valery Korzun
Sergei Treshchyov
Installed a frame on the outside of Zarya for spacewalk assembly tasks, installed new samples on a pair of Japanese Space Agency experiments housed on Zvezda, installed devices on Zvezda that would simplify the routing of tethers during future spacewalks, and installed two additional ham radio antennas on Zvezda.[27]
10 October
15:21
7 hours
1 minute
20:35 STS-112
ISS Quest
David Wolf
/Piers Sellers
Released launch locks that held the S1 truss radiators in place during launch, attached power, data and fluid lines between the S1 truss and S0, deployed the station's second S-Band communications system, installed the first of two external camera systems, and released launch restraints on the truss' mobile spacewalk workstation, Crew and Equipment Translation Aid (CETA).[28][29]
12 October
14:31
6 hours
4 minutes
20:35 STS-112
ISS Quest
David Wolf
/Piers Sellers
Installed a second camera system, released more radiator launch locks, removed insulation covers on quick-disconnect fittings near the Z1 and P6 junction and to install Spool Positioning Devices, released starboard-side launch restraints on the CETA cart, and attached Ammonia Tank Assembly cables.[28][30]
14 October
14:08
6 hours
36 minutes
20:44 STS-112
ISS Quest
David Wolf
/Piers Sellers
Removed and replaced the Interface Umbilical Assembly on the station's Mobile Transporter, installed two jumpers that will allow ammonia coolant to flow between the S1 and S0 Trusses, released a drag link and stowed it, and installed Spool Positioning Devices (SPD) on ammonia lines.[28][31]
26 November
19:49
6 hours
45 minutes
27 November
02:34
STS-113
ISS Quest
Michael Lopez-Alegria
John Herrington
Initial installation of the P1 truss, installed connections between the P1 and the S0 truss, released launch restraints on the CETA cart, installed Spool Positioning Devices (SPDs) onto the station, removed a drag link on P1 that served as a launch restraint, and installed a Wireless video system External Transceiver Assembly onto the Unity node.[32][33]
28 November
18:36
6 hours
10 minutes
29 November
00:46
STS-113
ISS Quest
Michael Lopez-Alegria
John Herrington
nstalled fluid jumpers where the S0 and the P1 are attached to each other, removed the P1's starboard keel pin, installed another Wireless video system External Transceiver Assembly onto the P1, and relocated the CETA cart from the P1 to the S1 truss.[32][34]
30 November
19:25
7 hours 1 December
02:25
STS-113
ISS Quest
Michael Lopez-Alegria
John Herrington
Installed more Spool Positioning Devices, reconfigured electrical harnesses that route power through the Main Bus Switching Units, and attached Ammonia Tank Assembly lines.[32][35]

References

Generic references:
 Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
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  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
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Footnotes

  1. "IRIDIUM 91". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  2. "IRIDIUM 91". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  3. "IRIDIUM 90". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  4. "IRIDIUM 90". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  5. "IRIDIUM 94". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  6. "IRIDIUM 94". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  7. "IRIDIUM 95". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  8. "IRIDIUM 95". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  9. "IRIDIUM 96". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  10. "IRIDIUM 96". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  11. "Самый старый российский спутник связи вывели из эксплуатации" [Oldest Russian communications satellite decommissioned]. RIA Novosti (in Russian). 27 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  12. Desch, Matt [@IridiumBoss] (28 December 2019). "Final "official" reentry report for the final satellite of our first generation network: SV97. Reentered at 17:30 UTC yesterday, descending over Russia (trying to return where launched 17 yrs ago). They all provided amazing service - far longer than anyone expected! #Flarewell" (Tweet). Retrieved 30 December 2019 via Twitter.
  13. "IRIDIUM 98". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  14. "IRIDIUM 98". N2YO.com. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
  15. NASA (2002). "Expedition Four Spacewalks". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  16. NASA (4 March 2002). "STS-109 Mission Status Report No. 8". NASA. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  17. NASA (5 March 2002). "STS-109 Mission Status Report No. 10". National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  18. NASA (2002). "STS-109 Mission Status Report No. 12". National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
  19. NASA (2002). "STS-109 Mission Status Report No. 14". National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
  20. NASA (2002). "STS-109 Mission Status report No. 16". National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Archived from the original on 21 February 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2009.
  21. NASA (2002). "STS-110 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  22. NASA (2002). "STS-110, Mission Control Center Status Report #17". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 November 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  23. NASA (2002). "STS-111 Extravehicular Activities". NASA. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  24. NASA (2002). "STS-111, Mission Control Center Status Report # 10". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  25. NASA (2002). "STS-111, Mission Control Center Status Report # 14". NASA. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  26. NASA (2002). "STS-111, Mission Control Center Status Report # 18". NASA. Archived from the original on 6 November 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
  27. NASA (2002). "Expedition Five Spacewalks". NASA. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
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