1977 in spaceflight

Spaceflight in 1977 included some important events such as the roll out of the space shuttle orbiter, Voyager 1 and Voyager space probes were launched. NASA received the space shuttle orbiter later named Enterprise, on 14 January. This unpowered sub-orbital space plane was launched off the top of a modified 747 and was flown uncrewed until 13 August until a human crew landed the Enterprise for the first time.

1977 in spaceflight
Launch of Voyager 2 on a Titan IIIE
Orbital launches
First6 January
Last27 December
Total130
Catalogued124
Rockets
Maiden flightsMu-3H
Tsyklon-3
RetirementsKosmos-2I
Titan IIIE
Crewed flights
Orbital3
Total travellers6

In August and September, the two Voyager spacecraft to the outer planets were launched. Voyager 2, launched on 20 August, went on to fly past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 1, which was launched on 5 September, flew past Jupiter and Saturn, with a planned flyby of Pluto being cancelled in favour of a closer flyby of Titan.[1]

Launches
Date and time (UTC) Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP
Payload
(⚀ = CubeSat)		 Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome
Remarks
16 June
10:51:00		 Delta 2914 Cape Canaveral LC-17B
GOES 2 NOAA Current: Graveyard
Operational: Geostationary		 WeatherIn orbitSuccessful
Retired on 5 May 2001 and moved to a graveyard orbit
20 August
14:29:44		 Titan IIIE Cape Canaveral LC-41
Voyager 2 NASA Heliocentric to Galactocentric PlanetaryIn orbitSuccessful
Operational
Spacecraft flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, first spacecraft to visit Uranus and Neptune
5 September
12:56:01		 Titan IIIE Cape Canaveral LC-41
Voyager 1 NASA Heliocentric to Galactocentric PlanetaryIn orbitSuccessful
Operational
Final flight of Titan IIIE, spacecraft flew past Jupiter and Saturn

Deep Space Rendezvous
Date Spacecraft Event Remarks
20 FebruaryViking Orbiter 1Flyby of PhobosClosest approach: 89 kilometres (55 mi)
OctoberViking Orbiter 2Flyby of Deimos

EVAs
Start Date/Time Duration End Time Spacecraft Crew Remarks
19 December
21:36		 1 hour
28 minutes		 23:04 Salyut 6
PE-1		 Georgi Grechko (full)
Yuri Romanenko (stand-up)		 First Russian EVA in over 8 years and the first use of the Orlan-D spacesuit.[2] Grechko inspected the front docking port for damage from the failed Soyuz 25 docking and found no damage, while Romanenko assisted from the open hatch.
gollark: I just ignore problems.
gollark: I mean: what do you actually intend to do on the laptop? This probably matters. Do you need a portable thing, something with a good GPU, etc?
gollark: I see.
gollark: And all the problems now involve a lot more interacting pieces.
gollark: Do you have any criteria? You should start having those.

References
Generic references:
 Spaceflight portal
  • Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
  • Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
  • Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
  • Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
  • Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
  • McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
  • Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
  • Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
  • Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
  • Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
  • "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
  • "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
  • "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
  • "Space Information Center". JAXA.
  • "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).

Footnotes
  1. Hughes, J. (1996) Larrousse Desk Reference Encloypedia London RD press, World Aircraft Information Files (2001) London Aerospace publishing Ltd
  2. Wade, Mark (2009). "Orlan". Encyclopedia Astronautica web site. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 13 February 2009.


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