1969 in spaceflight
1969 saw humanity step onto another world for the first time. On 21 July 1969, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module, Eagle, landed on the moon's surface with two astronauts aboard. Days later the crew of three returned safely to Earth, satisfying U.S. President John F. Kennedy's 1962 challenge of 25 May 1961, that "this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."[1][2]
![]() Humanity's first crewed lunar landing | |
National firsts | |
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Satellite | |
Rockets | |
Maiden flights | |
Retirements |
|
Crewed flights | |
Orbital | 9 |
Total travellers | 22 |
There were four Apollo missions in total in 1969, three of which traveled to the moon, with Apollo 12 also landing on the surface. The success of the Apollo program was a testament to the efforts of over 500,000 American engineers, scientists and technicians.
In 1969, the Soviet Union's space program had success with the docking of two crewed spacecraft as well as the success of their Venus and Lunar probes. The Soviets, however, suffered severe blows to their crewed Lunar aspirations when their N1 rocket failed twice during two 1969 launches.
Orbital launches
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | ||
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Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |
Remarks | ||||||
January | ||||||
5 January 06:28[3] |
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Heliocentric | Venus lander | 16 May 1969 | Successful | ||
Lander operated for 53 minutes in the atmosphere of Venus. | ||||||
10 January 05:51[3] |
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Heliocentric | Venus lander | 17 May 1969 | Successful | ||
Lander operated for 51 minutes in the atmosphere of Venus. | ||||||
12 January 12:10[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 20 January 1969[5] | Successful | ||
14 January 07:30 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | 17 January 1969 | Successful | |
First docking between two crewed spacecraft (with Soyuz 5) | ||||||
14 January 07:04 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | In orbit | Successful | |
First docking between two crewed spacecraft (with Soyuz 4) | ||||||
20 January 04:14[6] |
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Selenocentric | Test flight | 20 January 1969 | Failure | ||
One of the RD-0210 engines in the second stage failed, resulting in automatic shutdown of the vehicle. Capsule was successfully recovered after successful launch abort. | ||||||
22 January 16:48 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Astronomy | 2 April 1984[5] | Successful | |
22 January 16:48[8] |
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NRO | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 3 February 1969[5] | Partial failure | |
Apogee was too high as the Agena rocket stage failed to switch off at a correct time.[9] | ||||||
23 January 09:15[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 February 1969[5] | Successful | ||
23 January 09:15[6] |
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Low Earth | Naval surveillance | 23 January 1969 | Failure | ||
30 January 06:46[8] |
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CSA | Medium Earth | Science | In orbit | Successful | |
February | ||||||
1 February 12:11[4] |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Meteorology | 1 February 1969 | Failure | |
5 February 06:46[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 24 February 1969[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |
6 February 00:39 |
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Intelsat | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |
7 February 13:59[4] |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 1 May 1969[5] | Successful | |
9 February 21:09 |
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USAF | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |
19 February 06:48[6] |
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Selenocentric | Lunar lander and rover | 19 February 1969 | Failure | ||
Engine failure in the first stage, rocket crashed 15 km from the pad. | ||||||
21 February 09:18 |
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RVSN | Selenocentric | Test flight | 21 February | Failure | |
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RVSN | Selenocentric | Mass simulator | 21 February | Failure | |
25 February 01:29 |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Mars flyby | In orbit | Successful | |
25 February 10:20[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 March 1969[5] | Successful | ||
26 February 07:47 |
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ESSA | Low Earth (SSO) | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |
26 February 08:30[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 6 March 1969[5] | Successful | ||
March | ||||||
3 March 16:00 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | 13 March 1969 | Successful | |
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NASA | Low Earth | Test flight | 13 March 1969 | Successful | |
First crewed orbital test of lunar module | ||||||
4 March 16:48[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 18 March 1969[5] | Successful | |
Apogee was too high as the Agena rocket stage failed to switch off at a correct time.[9] | ||||||
5 March 13:04[10] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 9 May 1970[5] | Successful | ||
5 March 17:25[4] |
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Low Earth | ELINT | 21 October 1978[5] | Successful | ||
6 March 12:15[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 14 March 1969[5] | Successful | ||
15 March 12:15[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 March 1969[5] | Successful | ||
17 March 17:25[4] |
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Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | ||
18 March 07:40[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 5 March 1970[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 24 March 1969[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 28 August 1972[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |
19 March 21:38[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 24 March 1969[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 6 December 1971[5] | Successful | |
22 March 12:15[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 30 March 1969[5] | Successful | ||
24 March 10:10[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 1 April 1969[5] | Successful | ||
26 March 12:30[4] |
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Low Earth | Meteorology | 26 March 2012 | Successful | ||
27 March 10:40[6] |
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Areocentric | Mars orbiter | 27 March 1969 | Failure | ||
Payload fairing failed at T+51. Third stage failed to ignite. | ||||||
27 March 22:22 |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Mars flyby | In orbit | Successful | |
28 March 16:00[4] |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Radar calibration | 7 February 1970[5] | Successful | |
April | ||||||
2 April 10:33[6] |
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Areocentric | Mars orbiter and lander | 2 April 1969 | Failure | ||
Rocket crashed near pad after 1st stage engine failure. | ||||||
4 April 10:20[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 11 April 1969[5] | Successful | ||
4 April 13:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 6 July 1969[5] | Successful | ||
9 April 13:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 17 April 1969[5] | Successful | ||
11 April 02:30[6] |
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Molniya | Communications | 17 April 1974 | Successful | ||
13 April 02:24 |
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NRO | Geostationary | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |
14 April 07:54[8] |
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NASA, NOAA | Low Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |
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US Army | Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | |
15 April 08:14[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 April 1969[5] | Successful | ||
15 April 17:30[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 30 April 1969[5] | Successful | |
23 April 09:55[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 6 May 1969[5] | Successful | ||
May | ||||||
2 May 01:46[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 May 1969[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 February 1970[5] | Successful | |
13 May 09:15[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 21 May 1969[5] | Successful | ||
18 May 16:49 |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Crewed Lunar orbital flight | 26 May 1969 | Successful | |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Test flight | In orbit | Successful | |
First test of lunar module in lunar orbit. "Dress rehearsal" of Apollo 11 landing. | ||||||
20 May 08:40[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 28 May 1969[5] | Successful | ||
22 May 02:00 |
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Intelsat | Geostationary | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |
23 May 07:57 |
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USAF | High Earth | Nuclear detection | In orbit | Successful | |
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USAF | High Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |
27 May 12:59[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 10 December 1969[5] | Successful | ||
29 May 06:59[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 6 June 1969[5] | Successful | ||
June | ||||||
3 June 12:57[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 7 October 1969[5] | Successful | ||
3 June 16:49[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 14 June 1969[5] | Successful | |
5 June 14:42[8] |
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NASA | Low Earth | Research | 12 October 1979[5] | Successful | |
14 June 04:00[6] |
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Selenocentric | Lunar sample return | 14 June 1969 | Failure | ||
Blok D upper stage failed to ignite, thus leaving the payload on a suborbital trajectory. | ||||||
15 June 08:59[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 June 1969[5] | Successful | ||
21 June 08:47[8] |
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NASA | Highly elliptical | Magnetospheric research | In orbit | Successful | |
24 June 06:50[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 2 July 1969[5] | Successful | ||
27 June 06:59[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 July 1969[5] | Successful | ||
29 June 03:15 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Life science | 7 July 1969[5] | Successful | |
July | ||||||
2 July 07:04 |
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ELDO | Test flight | 2 July 1969 | Failure | ||
3 July 20:18 |
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Selenocentric | Test flight | 3 July 1969 | Failure | ||
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Selenocentric | Mass simulator | 3 July 1969 | Failure | ||
Exploded due to faulty engines and a bolt that was sucked into a fuel pump. | ||||||
10 July 09:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 15 July 1969[5] | Successful | ||
13 July 02:54[6] |
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Selenocentric | Lunar sample return | 20 July 1969 | Success | ||
Lander crashed to the surface of the Moon in an attempted landing. | ||||||
16 July 13:32 |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Crewed Lunar orbital flight | 24 July 1969 | Successful | |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Crewed Lunar landing | In orbit | Successful | |
First crewed Moon landing. | ||||||
22 July 12:30[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 30 July 1969[5] | Successful | ||
22 July 12:55[6] |
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Molniya | Communications | 18 June 1971[5] | Successful | ||
23 July 04:39[8] |
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USAF, NRO | Low Earth | Meteorology | In orbit | Successful | |
23 July 09:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 23 July 1969 | Failure | ||
Second stage failed at T+267 seconds. | ||||||
24 July 01:30[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 August 1969[5] | Successful | |
26 July 02:06 |
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Intelsat | Geostationary | Communications | 14 October 1988[5] | Failure | |
Third stage failure left the spacecraft in an unusable orbit. | ||||||
31 July 10:19[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | ELINT | 4 January 1973[5] | Successful | |
August | ||||||
6 August 05:40[6] |
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Low Earth | Mass simulator | 8 September 1969 | Successful | ||
First test flight of Tsyklon-2 booster. Flew with a dummy payload planned to be used as an ASAT target but the ASAT interceptor test flight was later cancelled. | ||||||
7 August 23:48[6] |
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High Earth | Lunar flyby | 13 August 1969 | Successful | ||
The only successful test flight of Soyuz 7K-L1 spacecraft. Circumlunar flight, perilune 1,984 km. | ||||||
9 August 07:52 |
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NASA | Low Earth | Solar observatory | 7 March 1981[5] | Successful | |
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NASA | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | 28 April 1977[5] | Successful | |
12 August 11:01 |
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NASA | Geosynchronous | Communications | In orbit | Successful | |
13 August 22:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
16 August 11:59[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 28 August 1969[5] | Successful | ||
19 August 13:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 27 August 1969[5] | Successful | ||
22 August 14:14[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 1 December 1969[5] | Successful | ||
23 August 16:00[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 7 September 1969[5] | Successful | |
27 August 21:59 |
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NASA | Heliocentric | Solar orbiter | 27 August 1969 | Failure | |
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NASA | Low Earth orbit | Technology demonstration | 27 August 1969 | Failure | |
First flight of Delta L rocket. First stage hydraulics failure threw the second stage far off course and the vehicle was destroyed by range safety at T+383 seconds. | ||||||
29 August 09:05[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 6 September 1969[5] | Successful | ||
September | ||||||
2 September 11:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 10 September 1969[5] | Successful | ||
15 September 08:40[6] |
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Low Earth | Weapon test | 15 September 1969[5] | Successful | ||
18 September 08:40[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 22 September 1969[5] | Successful | ||
22 September 02:10[11] |
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ISAS | Low Earth | Test flight | 22 September 1969 | Failure | |
22 September 21:11[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 13 October 1969[5] | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | 16 May 1971[5] | Successful | |
23 September 14:07[6] |
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Selenocentric | Lunar sample return | 27 September 1969[5] | Failure | ||
Blok D stage failed due to valve defect and the probe failed to leave Earth orbit. | ||||||
24 September 12:15[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 2 October 1969[5] | Successful | ||
30 September 13:40[8] |
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NRL/US Navy | Low Earth | ELINT | In orbit | Successful | |
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NRL/US Navy | Low Earth | Technology demonstration | In orbit | Successful | |
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NRL/US Navy | Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | |
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NRL | Low Earth | Calibration | In orbit | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Calibration | In orbit | Successful | |
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USAF | Low Earth | Reconnaissance | In orbit | Successful | |
October | ||||||
1 October 22:29[8] |
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ESRO | Low Earth | Research | In orbit | Partial failure | |
Orbit was lower than planned. | ||||||
6 October 01:45[4] |
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Low Earth | Meteorology | 20 August 2002[5] | Successful | ||
11 October 11:10 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | 16 October 1969 | Partial failure | |
Rendezvous with Soyuz 7 and 8 unsuccessful due to electronic failure. | ||||||
12 October 10:44 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | 16 October 1969 | Partial failure | |
Rendezvous with Soyuz 6 and 8 unsuccessful due to electronic failure. | ||||||
13 October 10:19 |
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RVSN | Low Earth | Crewed orbital flight | 16 October 1969 | Partial failure | |
Rendezvous with Soyuz 6 and 7 unsuccessful due to electronic failure. | ||||||
14 October[12] | ![]() |
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Interkosmos | Low Earth | Solar research | 2 January 1970[5] | Successful | |
17 October 11:45[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 25 October 1969[5] | Successful | ||
18 October 10:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 23 January 1970[5] | Successful | ||
21 October 12:49[4] |
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Low Earth | Navigation | In orbit | Successful | ||
22 October 14:09[6] |
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Selenocentric | Lunar sample return | In orbit | Failure | ||
Control system of the Blok D stage failed and the probe failed to leave Earth orbit. | ||||||
24 October 09:40[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 November 1969[5] | Successful | ||
24 October 13:01[10] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 30 December 1970[5] | Successful | ||
24 October 18:10[8] |
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USAF | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 8 November 1969[5] | Successful | |
November | ||||||
4 November 11:59[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 4 January 1970[5] | Successful | ||
8 November 01:52[8] |
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BMWF/DLR | Medium Earth | Ionospheric research | In orbit | Successful | |
12 November 11:30[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 20 November 1969[5] | Successful | ||
14 November 16:22 |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Crewed Lunar orbital flight | 24 November 1969 | Successful | |
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NASA | Selenocentric | Crewed Lunar landing | 20 November 1969 | Successful | |
Second crewed Moon landing. | ||||||
15 November 08:30[6] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 23 November 1969[5] | Successful | ||
22 November 02:00 |
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MoD | Geostationary | Communications (military) | In orbit | Successful | |
24 November 11:00[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 10 March 1970[5] | Successful | ||
24 November 16:49[4] |
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Low Earth | Geodesy | In orbit | Successful | ||
28 November 09:00[6] |
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Medium Earth | Flight test | In orbit | Failure | ||
First stage failure | ||||||
December | ||||||
3 December 13:20[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 15 December 1969[5] | Successful | ||
4 December 21:37[8] |
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CIA | Low Earth | Optical imaging | 10 January 1970[5] | Successful | |
11 December 12:58[4] |
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Low Earth | Radar calibration | 22 March 1970[5] | Successful | ||
20 December 03:26[4] |
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Low Earth | ELINT | 25 March 1979[5] | Successful | ||
23 December 09:25[6] |
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Low Earth | Dummy ASAT warhead | 28 August 1970[5] | Successful | ||
23 December 13:50[4] |
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Low Earth | Optical imaging | 5 January 1970[5] | Successful | ||
25 December 09:59[10] |
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Interkosmos | Low Earth | Ionosphere research | 7 June 1970[5] | Successful | |
27 December[4] | ![]() |
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Low Earth | Ionosphere research | In orbit | Failure | ||
Suborbital flights
Date and time (UTC) | Rocket | Flight number | Launch site | LSP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) |
Operator | Orbit | Function | Decay (UTC) | Outcome | |
Remarks | ||||||
17 January[13] | ![]() |
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NASA/RTG | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 17 January | Successful | |
Apogee: 117 kilometres (73 mi). | ||||||
21 January[14] | ![]() |
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RAE/WRE | Suborbital | Astronomy | 21 January | Failure | |
23 January 20:00[14] |
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RAE/WRE | Suborbital | Astronomy | 23 January | Successful | |
Apogee: 149 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
23 January 23:00[13] |
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NASA/RTG | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 23 January | Successful | |
Apogee: 116 kilometres (72 mi). | ||||||
25 January 21:00[13] |
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NASA/RTG | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 25 January | Successful | |
Apogee: 118 kilometres (73 mi). | ||||||
3 February 21:05[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 3 February | Successful | |
Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi). | ||||||
11 February 21:09[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 11 February | Successful | |
Apogee: 157 kilometres (98 mi). | ||||||
14 February 22:15[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 14 February | Successful | |
Apogee: 149 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
15 February 21:20[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 15 February | Successful | |
Apogee: 153 kilometres (95 mi). | ||||||
20 February 11:48[15] |
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FU-170 CIRCE | CNES | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 20 February | Successful | |
Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi) | ||||||
25 February 16:33[16] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 25 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 136 kilometres (85 mi). | ||||||
25 February 21:37[16] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 25 February | Failure | ||
25 February 23:50[16] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 25 February | Successful | ||
Apogee: 128 kilometres (80 mi). | ||||||
15 March 17:55[13] |
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DFVLR | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 15 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 226 kilometres (140 mi). | ||||||
15 March 20:54[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 15 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 211 kilometres (131 mi). | ||||||
15 March 22:31[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 15 March | Successful | ||
Apogee: 211 kilometres (131 mi). | ||||||
16 March 18:05[13] |
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DFVLR | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 16 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 233 kilometres (145 mi). | ||||||
17 March 00:04[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 17 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 151 kilometres (94 mi). | ||||||
17 March 18:10[13] |
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DFVLR | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 17 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 231 kilometres (144 mi). | ||||||
17 March 18:23[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 17 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 148 kilometres (92 mi). | ||||||
18 March 18:16[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 18 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 170 kilometres (110 mi). | ||||||
20 March 05:37[17] |
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HEMLOCK | DARPA | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 20 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 176 kilometres (109 mi) | ||||||
29 March 20:00[13] |
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SRC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 29 March | Successful | |
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
1 April 09:54[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 1 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 192 kilometres (119 mi). | ||||||
3 April 00:35[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 3 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 192 kilometres (119 mi). | ||||||
9 April 20:38[16] |
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NTNF | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 9 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 139 kilometres (86 mi). | ||||||
13 April 00:33[16] |
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CNES | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 13 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 139 kilometres (86 mi). | ||||||
14 April 18:15[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 14 April | Failure | ||
15 April 11:03[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 15 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 134 kilometres (83 mi). | ||||||
16 April[18] | ![]() |
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CONAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 16 April | Successful | ||
First flight of Canopus 2 sounding rocket. Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
17 April 05:05[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 17 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 202 kilometres (126 mi). | ||||||
17 April 21:48[16] |
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CNES | Suborbital | 17 April | Successful | ||
Apogee: 329 kilometres (204 mi). | ||||||
22 April 03:31[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 April | Successful | |
Apogee: 181 kilometres (112 mi). | ||||||
1 May[19] | ![]() |
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Sandia National Laboratories | Suborbital | Test flight | 1 May | Successful | ||
First flight of the Sandhawk Tomahawk configuration. Apogee: 528 kilometres (328 mi). | ||||||
14 May 02:44[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 14 May | Successful | |
Apogee: 178 kilometres (111 mi). | ||||||
24 May 05:52[20] |
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LRL BOX-16 TT-9 | Sandia National Laboratories | Suborbital | Astronomy | 24 May | Successful | |
Apogee: 159 kilometres (99 mi) | ||||||
5 June 19:28[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 5 June | Successful | ||
Apogee: 130 kilometres (81 mi). | ||||||
27 June 22:58[21] |
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RAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 27 June | Failure | ||
Lost control 50 seconds into the flight, destroyed by range safety. | ||||||
5 July 19:45[22] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 5 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 200 kilometres (120 mi). | ||||||
6 July 19:50[22] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 6 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 275 kilometres (171 mi). | ||||||
11 July 19:42[22] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 11 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 203 kilometres (126 mi). | ||||||
13 July 19:41[22] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 13 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 280 kilometres (170 mi). | ||||||
14 July 23:53[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 14 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 216 kilometres (134 mi). | ||||||
16 July 22:33[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 16 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 244 kilometres (152 mi). | ||||||
24 July[23] | ![]() |
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WRE | Suborbital | Test flight | 24 July | Successful | ||
Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi) | ||||||
25 July 04:10[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 25 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 244 kilometres (152 mi). | ||||||
29 July 22:57[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 29 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 262 kilometres (163 mi). | ||||||
5 August 09:08[24] |
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WRE | Suborbital | 5 August | Successful | |||
Apogee: 208 kilometres (129 mi) | ||||||
11 August 01:30[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Aeronomy | 11 August | Successful | |
Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi). | ||||||
14 August 02:01[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 11 August | Successful | ||
Apogee: 112 kilometres (70 mi). | ||||||
21 August 01:57[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 29 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 197 kilometres (122 mi). | ||||||
12 September[18] | ![]() |
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CONAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 12 September | Successful | ||
First test flight of Rigel sounding rocket. Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | ||||||
5 October 22:28[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 5 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 225 kilometres (140 mi). | ||||||
10 October 20:01[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 10 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 135 kilometres (84 mi). | ||||||
15 October 18:46[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 15 October | Successful | |
Apogee: 318 kilometres (198 mi). | ||||||
17 October 09:15[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Ionosphere research | 17 October | Successful | |
Apogee: 318 kilometres (198 mi). | ||||||
17 October 22:27[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 17 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 225 kilometres (140 mi). | ||||||
20 October 07:28[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 20 October | Successful | |
Apogee: 223 kilometres (139 mi). | ||||||
22 October 06:10[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 22 October | Successful | |
Apogee: 216 kilometres (134 mi). | ||||||
23 October[18] | ![]() |
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CONAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 October | Successful | ||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
24 October 05:44[22] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | Astronomy | 13 July | Successful | |
Apogee: 184 kilometres (114 mi). | ||||||
8 November[25] | ![]() |
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FU-189 Star pointing test | CNES | Suborbital | Technology demonstration | 8 November | Successful | |
Last flight of the Vesta sounding rocket. Apogee: 204 kilometres (127 mi). | ||||||
10 November 21:00[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 10 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 214 kilometres (133 mi). | ||||||
18 November 02:17[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 18 November | Failure | |
Apogee: 208 kilometres (129 mi). | ||||||
20 November 00:30[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 20 November | Successful | |
Apogee: 242 kilometres (150 mi). | ||||||
26 November 00:38[16] |
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NTNF | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 26 November | Successful | |
Apogee: 107 kilometres (66 mi). | ||||||
26 November 23:32[14] |
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BAC | Suborbital | Astronomy | 26 November | Successful | |
Apogee: 180 kilometres (110 mi). | ||||||
27 November 05:29[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 27 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 160 kilometres (99 mi). | ||||||
27 November 06:31[13] |
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ESRO | Suborbital | 27 November | Successful | ||
Apogee: 164 kilometres (102 mi). | ||||||
30 November 02:58[16] |
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NTNF | Suborbital | Ionosphere research, Aeronomy | 30 November | Successful | |
Apogee: 100 kilometres (62 mi). | ||||||
9 December[23] | ![]() |
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WRE | Suborbital | Test flight | 9 December | Successful | ||
Last flight of HAD rocket. Apogee: 115 kilometres (71 mi). | ||||||
22 December[18] | ![]() |
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CONAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 22 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 250 kilometres (160 mi) | ||||||
23 December[18] | ![]() |
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CONAE | Suborbital | Test flight | 23 December | Successful | ||
Apogee: 150 kilometres (93 mi). | ||||||
Deep-space rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
16 May | Venera 5 | Atmospheric entry in Venus | Atmospheric probe worked for 53 min in the Venerian atmosphere |
17 May | Venera 6 | Atmospheric entry in Venus | Atmospheric probe worked for 51 min in the Venerian atmosphere |
21 May | Apollo 10 | 31 orbits around the Moon | Altitude ~15,4 km |
20 July | Apollo 11 | Moon landing | 22 kg from Mare Tranquillitatis (sample return mission) |
21 July | Luna 15 | Moon impact | Impacted at Mare Crisium (sample return mission). Primary mission failed. |
5 August | Mariner 6 | Flyby of Mars | Periapsis: 3,412 km. 25 close-up pictures. |
5 August | Mariner 7 | Flyby of Mars | Periapsis: 3,543 km. 33 close-up pictures. |
11 August | Zond 7 | Circumlunar flight | Periapsis: 1,984 km. |
19 November | Apollo 12 | Moon landing | 34 kg from Oceanus Procellarum (sample return mission) |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|
Orbital launch statistics
By country
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
![]() | 82 | 68 | 14 | 0 | ||
![]() | 41 | 37 | 2 | 2 | ||
World | 125 | 105 | 18 | 2 |
By rocket
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlas | ![]() | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Blue Streak | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Kosmos | ![]() | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0 | |
Lambda | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
N-1 | ![]() | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | First flight |
R-7 | ![]() | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | |
R-36 | ![]() | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Saturn | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Scout | ![]() | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Thor | ![]() | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0 | |
Titan | ![]() | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Universal Rocket | ![]() | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlas-Agena | ![]() | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas-Centaur | ![]() | Atlas | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas E/F | ![]() | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | ![]() | Thor | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0 | |
Europa | ![]() | Blue Streak | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Kosmos-2 | ![]() | Kosmos | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | |
Kosmos-3 | ![]() | Kosmos | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Lambda 4 | ![]() | Lambda | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Molniya | ![]() | R-7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
N-1 | ![]() | N-1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | First flight |
Proton | ![]() | Universal Rocket | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
R-36 | ![]() | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Saturn V | ![]() | Saturn | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Scout | ![]() | Scout | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Soyuz | ![]() | R-7 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | |
Thor-Burner | ![]() | Thor | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Thorad-Agena | ![]() | Thor | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Titan III | ![]() | Titan | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Tsyklon | ![]() | R-36 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Vostok | ![]() | R-7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
By spaceport
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | ![]() | 38 | 27 | 11 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | ![]() | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | |
Kapustin Yar | ![]() | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Kennedy | ![]() | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | ![]() | 41 | 38 | 3 | 0 | |
Kagoshima | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | ![]() | 22 | 20 | 0 | 2 | |
Woomera | ![]() | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
By orbit
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not Achieved | Accidentally Achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Earth | 85 | 81 | 3 | 1 | |
Geosynchronous / transfer | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
High Earth | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | including highly elliptical and Molniya orbits and Trans Lunar trajectories |
Heliocentric | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
Notes
References
- Howard E. McCurdy, et al. "Helpful Lessons From The Space Race." Issues in Science & Technology 27.4 (2011): 19–22. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 October 2013.
- "Excerpt from the 'Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs'" NASA. 24 May 2004. 24 May 2015. <https://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/jfk_speech_text.html#.VWIGJ0_tmkp>.
- Wade, Mark. "Venera". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Plesetsk". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Satellite Catalog". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Baikonur". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Vandenberg". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Krebs, Gunter. "KH-8 Gambit-3 (Block 1)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Kapustin Yar". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Lambda 4S". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Interkosmos 1, 4, 7, 11, (14) 16 (DS-U3-IK)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Kiruna". Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Woomera". Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Veronique". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Andoya". Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Terrier Sandhawk". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Rigel". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Sandhawk Tomahawk". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Terrier Tomahawk". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Black Arrow". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Salto di Quirra". Retrieved 29 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "HAD". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Aero High". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- Wade, Mark. "Vesta". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
External links
![](../I/m/RocketSunIcon.svg.png)
- Bergin, Chris. "NASASpaceFlight.com".
- Clark, Stephen. "Spaceflight Now".
- Kelso, T.S. "Satellite Catalog (SATCAT)". CelesTrak.
- Krebs, Gunter. "Chronology of Space Launches".
- Kyle, Ed. "Space Launch Report".
- McDowell, Jonathan. "Jonathan's Space Report".
- Pietrobon, Steven. "Steven Pietrobon's Space Archive".
- Wade, Mark. "Encyclopedia Astronautica".
- Webb, Brian. "Southwest Space Archive".
- Zak, Anatoly. "Russian Space Web".
- "ISS Calendar". Spaceflight 101.
- "NSSDCA Master Catalog". NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
- "Space Calendar". NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
- "Space Information Center". JAXA.
- "Хроника освоения космоса" [Chronicle of space exploration]. CosmoWorld (in Russian).
Preceded by 1968 |
Timeline of spaceflight 1969 |
Succeeded by 1970 |