Timeline of Yunnan-Guizhou

This is a timeline of Yunnan and Guizhou.

4th century BC

Year	Date	Event
328		Chu military commander Zhuang Qiao invades Yunnan and sets up the Dian Kingdom[1]

2nd century BC

Year	Date	Event
135 BC		Tang Meng creates Jianwei Commandery (modern Zunyi)[1]
122 BC		Emperor Wu of Han sends envoys to the southwest in search of a route to Daxia[2]
111 BC		Zangke Commandery is created in modern Guiyang and Yelang is vassalized[3]
109 BC		Han conquest of Dian: The Dian Kingdom and Tian Kingdom become Han vassals and Yizhou Commandery is created in modern Qujing[3]

1st century BC

Year	Date	Event
86 BC		Rebellion occurs in the southwest[4]
83 BC		Rebellion occurs in the southwest[4]
27 BC		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[5]

1st century

Year	Date	Event
12		Aboriginals in Zangke Commandery (Guizhou) rebel[5]
14		Aboriginals in Yi Province rebel[5]
45		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
51		An Ailao tribe defects to Han[7]
57		Yongchang Commandery is created in modern Kachin State[6]
69		An Ailao tribe defects to Han[7]

2nd century

Year	Date	Event
107		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
116		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
123		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
146		Policy of assimilation in the southwest is implemented through education programs[4]
156		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
159		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]
176		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[6]

3rd century

Year	Date	Event
225		Zhuge Liang's Southern Campaign: Zhuge Liang conquers Nanzhong[8]

4th century

Year	Date	Event
338		Cuan Chen of the Cuanman gains control over Yunnan[9]

6th century

Year	Date	Event
570		Cuan Zan splits his realm into the Wuman/Black Mywa, ruled by his son Cuan Zhen, in the east and the Baiman/White Mywa, ruled by his eldest son Cuan Wan, in the west[10]
593		The Cuanman rebel in Yunnan[9]
597		A campaign is launched against the Cuanman[9]

7th century

Year	Date	Event
602		Sui defeats the Cuanman[9]

8th century

Year	Date	Event
703		Tridu Songtsen of the Tibetan Empire subjugates the White and Black Mywa[11]
737		Piluoge (皮羅閣) unites the six zhaos (kingdoms) of the White Mywa with Tang support[12]
751		Xianyu Zhongtong attacks Nanzhao with an army of 80,000 but is utterly defeated, losing three quarters of his original force[13]
754		Yang Guozhong invades Nanzhao but fails to engage with the enemy until supplies ran out, at which time they were attacked and routed[13]

9th century

Year	Date	Event
801		Tang and Nanzhao defeat Tibetan Empire and their Abbasid slave soldiers[14]
829		Nanzhao takes Chengdu and captures 20,000 Chinese engineers[15]
846		Nanzhao raids Annam[16]
861		Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annam but is repulsed.[17]
863		Nanzhao conquers Annam[18]
866		Gao Pian retakes Annam from Nanzhao[18]
869		Nanzhao lays siege to Chengdu but fails to capture it[19]
870		Nanzhao lays siege to Chengdu (in Sichuan)[18]
877		Nanzhao retreats from Qianzhong Circuit in modern Guizhou[19]

10th century

Year	Date	Event
902		Zheng Maisi murders the king of Nanzhao and sets up his own Dachanghe regime[9]
928		Zhao Shanzhen kills the king of Dachanghe and sets up Datianxing[9]
929		Yang Hefeng removes Zhao Shanzhen and sets up Dayining[9]
937		Duan Siping defeats Dayining and creates the Dali Kingdom[9]
967		Long Yanyao of Nanning, the Yang clan of Bo Prefecture, and the Tian clan of Si Prefecture submit to the Song dynasty in return for their autonomy[20]
		Song dynasty recognizes the Bole of the Luodian kingdom, the Mangbu of the Badedian kingdom, and the Awangren of the Yushi kingdom[21]
975		Emperor Taizu of Song tries to convince Pugui of the Mu'ege Kingdom situated in northwest, central, east, and southeast Guizhou to acquiesce to Song overlordship[22]
976		Song dynasty and aboriginal allies in Guizhou attack the Mu'ege Kingdom, forcing them to retreat to Dafang County[23]
980		Long Yanyao's grandson Long Qiongju presents tribute to the Emperor Taizong of Song[20]
995		Long Hanyao of Nanning presents tribute to the Song court[20]
998		Long Hanyao of Nanning presents tribute to the Song court[20]

11th century

Year	Date	Event
1042		Song dynasty appoints Degai of the Mu'ege Kingdom as regional inspector[23]
1043		The Yao people of Guiyang rebel[24]
1049		Nong Zhigao of the Zhuang people rebels in Guangnan West Circuit[24]
1051		The Yao rebellion of Guiyang is suppressed[24]
1053		Nong Zhigao's rebellion is suppressed[24]

12th century

Year	Date	Event
1133		Ayong of the Mu'ege Kingdom leads a large trade delegation of several thousand to the Song city of Luzhou in Sichuan[21]

13th century

Year	Date	Event
1208		Yao people rebel in Jinghu and are suppressed[25]
1252	summer	Möngke Khan places Kublai Khan in charge of the invasion of the Dali Kingdom[26]
1253	September	Kublai Khan's forces set up headquarters on the Jinsha River in western Yunnan and march on Dali in three columns[26]
1254	January	The Dali Kingdom is conquered, although its dynasty remains in power, and the king, Duan Xingzhi, is later invested with the title of Maharajah by Möngke Khan; so ends the Dali Kingdom[27]
	winter	Kublai Khan returns to Mongolia and leaves Subutai's son Uryankhadai in charge of campaigns against local Yi tribes[27]
1257		Uriyangkhadai, son of Subutai, pacifies Yunnan and returns to Gansu[27]
	winter	Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Uriyangkhadai returns to Yunnan and invades the Trần dynasty of Đại Việt[27]

14th century

Year	Date	Event
1332	March	War of the Two Capitals: Loyalist rebels in Yunnan are defeated[28]
1360		Basalawarmi takes control of Yunnan[29]
1381	December	Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces take Qujing[30]
1382	April	Ming conquest of Yunnan: Ming forces conquer Yunnan[31]
1386	January	Ming–Mong Mao War: Si Lunfa of Mong Mao rebels[32]
1388		Ming–Mong Mao War: Mong Mao is defeated by the Ming artillery corps utilizing volley fire[33]
1389	January	Ming forces defeat Yi rebels in Yuezhou[34]
	December	Ming–Mong Mao War: Si Lunfa surrenders to the Ming dynasty[34]
1397	December	Ming–Mong Mao Intervention: Si Lunfa is deposed and requests Ming aid in restoring him to power[35]
1398	January	Ming–Mong Mao Intervention: Si Lunfa is restored to power[36]

15th century

Year	Date	Event
1438	8 December	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming carries out a punitive expedition against Si Renfa of Mong Mao for attacking neighboring tusi, but fails to defeat him[37]
1441	27 February	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces attack Mong Mao[38]
1442	January	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Mong Mao is defeated but Si Renfa escapes to Ava[39]
1443	March	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces defeat Si Jifa but fail to capture him[40]
1445	August	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ava hands over Si Renfa to Ming in return for their support in attacking Hsenwi[41]
1446	January	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Si Renfa is executed[41]
1449	March	Luchuan–Pingmian campaigns: Ming forces invade Mong Yang for harboring Si Jifa, but he manages to escape again[42]
1450		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Yao and Miao people rebel in Guizhou and Huguang[43]
1452		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Yao and Miao rebels are suppressed[43]
1456		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people in Huguang rebel and are suppressed[43]
1464		Hou Dagou of the Yao people rebels in Guangxi[44]
1466	January	Ming forces defeat and capture Hou Dagou, but the rebellion continues anyway[44]
		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Hunan as well as the Sichuan-Guizhou border and are suppressed[45]
1475		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Hunan and are suppressed[45]
1479		Miao rebellions under the Ming dynasty: Miao people rebel in Sichuan[46]
1499		Yi people rebel in Guizhou[47]

16th century

Year	Date	Event
1502		Yi rebels in Guizhou are suppressed[47]
1589		Bozhou rebellion: Miao people rebel in Bozhou[48]
1592	14 July	Ordos Campaign: Ye Mengxiong brings cannons and additional Miao troops to the siege of Ningxia[49]
1594		Bozhou rebellion: Ming forces are defeated in Sichuan[50]
1598		Bozhou rebellion: The Miao rebellion is suppressed[50]

17th century

Year	Date	Event
1606		Army officers in Yunnan riot and kill Yang Rong, a eunuch superintendent of mining[51]
1621	fall	She-An Rebellion: Yi people rebel in Sichuan and Guizhou[52]
1623		She-An Rebellion: Ming forces are defeated[52]
1624		She-An Rebellion: Ming forces defeat rebels but are unable to decisively quell the rebellion[52]
1629		She-An Rebellion: The rebels are defeated[52]
1656	March	The Yongli Emperor arrives in Yunnan[53]
1657	October	Sun Kewang's forces are defeated by Li Dingguo in eastern Yunnan and he retreats to Guizhou[53]
1659	7 January	Qing forces advance into Yunnan and the Yongli Emperor flees to Toungoo dynasty[54]
	10 March	Qing forces capture Yongchang and defeat Li Dingguo's army, securing Yunnan[54]

Gallery

• 
  Ancient southern China
• 
  Han conquest of Dian, 109 BC
• 
  Nanzhao, 879
• 
  Song dynasty, 1111
• 
  Dali Kingdom, late 12th century
• 
  Yuan dynasty, 1330
• 
  Ming dynasty
• 
  Qing dynasty, 1820

References

1. Twitchett 2008, p. 457.
2. Watson 1993, p. 236.
3. Twitchett 2008, p. 458.
4. Twitchett 2008, p. 459.
5. Twitchett 2008, p. 235.
6. Twitchett 2008, p. 460.
7. Twitchett 2008, p. 272.
8. Xiong 2009, p. lxxxviii.
9. Yang 2008a.
10. https://medium.com/@diantnam/the-great-diantnam-248e2d4b6658
11. Beckwith 1987, p. 64.
12. Wang 2013, p. 103.
13. Graff 2002, p. 214.
14. Beckwith 1987, p. 157.
15. Herman 2007, pp. 33, 35.
16. Taylor 2013, p. 41.
17. Herman 2007, p. 36.
18. Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
19. Herman 2007, p. 37.
20. Herman 2007, p. 39.
21. Herman 2007, p. 43.
22. Herman 2007, p. 40.
23. Herman 2007, p. 42.
24. Twitchett 2009, p. 329.
25. Twitchett 2009, p. 831.
26. Twitchett 1994, p. 405.
27. Twitchett 1994, p. 407.
28. Twitchett 1994, p. 545.
29. Twitchett 1998, p. 72.
30. Twitchett 1998, p. 144.
31. Mote 2003, p. 557. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMote2003 (help)
32. Liew 1996, pp. 163–164.
33. Andrade 2016, p. 158.
34. Twitchett 1998, p. 160.
35. Fernquest 2006, p. 47.
36. Fernquest 2006, pp. 47–48.
37. Liew 1996, pp. 174–175.
38. Liew 1996, p. 178.
39. Liew 1996, pp. 181–182.
40. Liew 1996, p. 184.
41. Liew 1996, p. 185.
42. Liew 1996, p. 192.
43. Twitchett 1998, p. 336.
44. Twitchett 1998, p. 377.
45. Twitchett 1998, p. 380.
46. Twitchett 1998, p. 383.
47. Twitchett 1998, p. 381.
48. Lewis 2015, p. 209.
49. Swope 2009, p. 30.
50. Dardess 2012, p. 9.
51. Twitchett 1998, p. 531.
52. Dardess 2012, p. 10.
53. Twitchett 1998, p. 706.
54. Twitchett 1998, p. 707.

Bibliography

• Andrade, Tonio (2016), The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.
• Beckwith, Christopher I (1987), The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia: A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages, Princeton University Press
• Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
• Dardess, John (2012), Ming China 1368-1644 A Concise History of A Resilient Empire, Roman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
• Fernquest, John (2006), Crucible of War: Burma and the Ming in the Tai Frontier Zone (1382-1454)
• Graff, David A. (2002), Medieval Chinese Warfare, 300-900, Warfare and History, London: Routledge, ISBN 0415239559
• Graff, David Andrew (2016), The Eurasian Way of War Military Practice in Seventh-Century China and Byzantium, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-46034-7.
• Herman, John E. (2007), Amid the Clouds and Mist China's Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700, Harvard University Asia Center, ISBN 978-0-674-02591-2
• Lewis, James (2015), The East Asian War, 1592-1598: International Relations, Violence and Memory, Routledge
• Liew, Foon Ming (1996), The Luchuan-Pingmian Campaigns (1436-1449) in the Light of Official Chinese Historiography
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