Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule

This is a timeline of Vietnamese history until the end of the Chinese era.

3rd century BC

Year	Date	Event
257 BC		Thục Phán of the Âu Việt invades Văn Lang and creates Âu Lạc[1]
207 BC		Qin general Zhao Tuo captures the Cổ Loa Citadel and defeats Âu Lạc, creating the two administrative regions of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ) and Jiuzhen (Cửu Chân)[1]
203 BC		Zhao Tuo declares himself king of Nanyue (Nam Việt)[1]
		Nanyue conquers Guilin

2nd century BC

Year	Date	Event
198 BC		Two legates are assigned to oversee affairs in Jiaozhi and Jiuzhen[2]
181 BC		Nanyue attacks Changsha[3]
179 BC		Zhao Tuo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Mo
122 BC		Zhao Mo dies and is succeeded by Zhao Xing
111 BC		Han conquest of Nanyue: Han general Lu Bode conquers Nanyue and separates it into Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, Cangwu, Nanhai, Yulin, Hepu, Dan'er, and Zhuya[4]

1st century BC

Year	Date	Event
48 BC		Rinan is created (Nhật Nam)

1st century

Year	Date	Event
2		Census records for Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen, and Rinan record 143,643 households and a population of 981,755[5]
40		Trung sisters' rebellion: Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi[6]
42		Trung sisters' rebellion: Ma Yuan leads an expedition to Jiaozhi[7]
43		Trung sisters' rebellion: The Trưng Sisters are decapitated[6]

2nd century

Year	Date	Event
100		A rebellion in Jiaozhi is put down[8]
136		People known as the Qulian from beyond the southern frontier attack Rinan Commandery, causing turmoil and confusion[9]
137		Rinan rebels[8]
144		Rinan rebels[8]
157		Chu Đạt rebels in Jiuzhen Commandery and is defeated[10]
160		Shi Ci becomes administrator of Rinan[8]
190		Shi Ci's son Shi Xie appoints his brothers Shi Yi, Shi Wei, and Shi Wu as administrators of Hepu, Jiuzhen, and Nanhai[11]
192		The southernmost district of Rinan Commandery, Xianglin, breaks away and becomes the Kingdom of Lâm Ấp, otherwise known as Champa[12]

3rd century

Year	Date	Event
211		Shi Xie submits to Sun Quan's overlordship[11]
217		Shi Xie sends his son Shi Xin to Sun Quan as hostage[11]
226		Shi Xie dies and Sun Quan's general Lü Dai kills his family[11]; Shi Xie, also called Sĩ Nhiếp in Vietnamese, is remembered today in Vietnam as the father of education and Buddhism - according to Stephen O'Harrow, he was essentially "the first Vietnamese"[13]
248		Lâm Ấp (probably Champa) seizes Rinan while Lady Triệu rebels unsuccessfully against Sun Wu[13]

4th century

Year	Date	Event
347		Lâm Ấp invades Jiaozhi but is repulsed by the Jin dynasty (265–420)[14]
359		Lâm Ấp is defeated[14]
377		Li Xun seizes Jiuzhen[14]
380		Teng Dunzhi becomes governor of Jiaozhi after Du Yuan kills Li Xun[14]
399		Du Yuan becomes governor of Jiaozhi and defeats a Lâm Ấp invasion[14]

5th century

Year	Date	Event
405		Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15]
410		Du Yuan dies and is succeeded by Du Huidu[14]
411		A rebel army under Lu Xun attempts to seize control over Jiaozhi but fails[16]
413		Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15]
415		Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15]
423		Du Huidu dies and is succeeded by Du Hongwen[14]
424		Lâm Ấp attacks Jiaozhi[15]
427		Du Hongwen leaves Jiaozhi for the court after receiving an appointment[14]
443		Tan Hezhi, governor of Jiaozhi, starts recruiting an army[17]
446		Tan Hezhi invades Lâm Ấp and pushes them back to the area around modern Da Nang[17]

6th century

Year	Date	Event
541		Lý Bôn rebels and attacks Liang officials[18]
544	February	Lý Bôn establishes the Early Lý dynasty and becomes Lý Nam Đế (Southern Emperor)[19]
545		Chen Baxian drives Lý Nam Đế into the mountains, where he is eventually killed, but resistance continues under Lý Thiên Bảo[19]
550		Triệu Việt Vương expels Liang forces from Vạn Xuân
555		Lý Thiên Bảo dies and is succeeded by Hậu Lý Nam Đế
571		Hậu Lý Nam Đế defeats Triệu Việt Vương

7th century

Year	Date	Event
602		Sui–Former Lý War: Sui forces under Liu Fang annex the Early Lý dynasty[20]
679		Jiaozhi is renamed Annan (An Nam)[21]
687		Lý Tự Tiên and Đinh Kiến revolt at Đại La in response to a raise in harvest tax[22]

8th century

Year	Date	Event
722		Mai Thúc Loan rebels in Annan and is defeated[23]
767		Sea people invade Annan and are defeated[23]
785		Phùng Hưng rebels in Annan[24]
791		Tang regains control of Annan[24]

9th century

Year	Date	Event
803		Champa seizes southern Annan[25]
846		Nanzhao raids Annan[25]
858		Rebellion breaks out in Annan and is put down[26]
861		Nanzhao attacks Bo Prefecture and Annan but is repulsed.[27]
863		Nanzhao conquers Annan[28]
866		Gao Pian retakes Annan from Nanzhao and establishes the Jinghai Army (Military Command)[28]
880		A Tang garrison at Đại La mutinies, forcing Zeng Gun to withdraw troops from the south and relinquish control over Annan[29]

10th century

Year	Date	Event
904		Zhu Wen's brother Quanyu tries to enter Annan but is immediately dismissed the next year for being "stupid and without ability"[30]
906		Khúc Thừa Dụ of the Khúc clan takes control of Annan and establishes tributary relations with Later Liang[29]
907		Khúc Thừa Dụ dies and is succeeded by his son, Khúc Hạo[31]
908		Khúc Hạo dies and is succeeded by his son, Khúc Thừa Mỹ[32]
930		Southern Han invades Annan and removes the Khúc clan from power; Khúc Thừa Mỹ lives out the rest of his days at the Southern Han court[33]
931		Dương Đình Nghệ expels Southern Han from Đại La and declares himself governor[33]
937		Kiều Công Tiễn kills Dương Đình Nghệ and calls Southern Han into a war against his enemies in the southern provinces, however Đình Nghệ's son-in-law Ngô Quyền murders Công Tiễn[34]
938	Fall	Battle of Bạch Đằng: Ngô Quyền defeats the Southern Han fleet[34]
939		Ngô Quyền declares his own Ngô dynasty at Cổ Loa Citadel[34]

Gallery

• 
  Yue/Viet tribes pre-Han conquest
• 
  Han conquest of Nanyue in 112 BC
• 
  Han dynasty Vietnam under Jiaozhi
• 
  Ngô dynasty in 938

Citations

1. Taylor 2013, p. 14-16.
2. Taylor 2013, p. 17.
3. Twitchett 2008, p. 136.
4. Twitchett 2008, p. 453.
5. Taylor 2013, p. 18.
6. Twitchett 2008, p. 271.
7. Taylor 2013, p. 22.
8. Taylor 2013, p. 27.
9. Taylor 1983, p. 48.
10. Taylor 1983, p. 50.
11. Crespigny 2007, p. 739.
12. Taylor 1983, p. 47.
13. Taylor 2013, p. 29.
14. Taylor 2013, p. 31.
15. Taylor 2013, p. 32.
16. Taylor 2013, p. 23.
17. Taylor 2013, p. 33.
18. Taylor 2013, p. 34.
19. Taylor 2013, p. 35.
20. Taylor 2013.
21. Xiong 2009, p. 44.
22. Taylor 2013, p. 38.
23. Taylor 2013, p. 39.
24. Taylor 2013, p. 40.
25. Taylor 2013, p. 41.
26. Taylor 2013, p. 42.
27. Herman 2007, p. 36. sfn error: no target: CITEREFHerman2007 (help)
28. Xiong 2009, p. cxiv.
29. Taylor 2013, p. 44.
30. Taylor 1983, p. 204.
31. Taylor 1983, p. 205.
32. Taylor 1983, p. 207.
33. Taylor 2013, p. 45.
34. Taylor 2013, p. 46.

Bibliography

• Crespigny, Rafe (2007), A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 AD), Brill
• Taylor, Jay (1983), The Birth of the Vietnamese, University of California Press
• Taylor, K.W. (2013), A History of the Vietnamese, Cambridge University Press
• Twitchett, Denis (2008), The Cambridge History of China 1, Cambridge University Press
• Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, United States of America: Scarecrow Press, Inc., ISBN 978-0810860537