Timeline of the Han dynasty

This is a timeline of the Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD).

Han dynasty (60 BC)

See also: Timeline of the Chu–Han Contention and Timeline of the Three Kingdoms period

3rd century BC

Year	Date	Event
202 BC	28 February	Liu Bang becomes emperor of the Han dynasty (posthumously known as Emperor Gaozu of Han)[1]
		Emperor Gaozu of Han moves the capital from Luoyang to Chang'an[2]
201 BC		Battle of Baideng: Emperor Gaozu of Han's army is defeated by the Xiongnu[3]
		Xin, King of Han defects to the Xiongnu[3]

2nd century BC

200s BC

Year	Date	Event
197 BC		The Xiongnu invade Dai Commandery with the help of Chen Xi and Han Xin[4]
196 BC		Emperor Gaozu of Han replaces nine of the ten Kings of the Han dynasty with his brothers and sons[5]
		The Xiongnu invade Dai Commandery with the help of Han Xin[4]
195 BC	1 June	Emperor Gaozu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Ying (posthumously Emperor Hui of Han)[6]
		The Xiongnu invade You Province with the help of Lu Wan[5]

190s BC

Year	Date	Event
188 BC		Emperor Hui of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Gong (posthumously Emperor Qianshao of Han)[7]
184 BC		Emperor Qianshao of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hong (posthumously Emperor Houshao of Han)
182 BC		The Xiongnu invade Longxi Commandery and Tianshui[8]
181 BC		Nanyue invades Changsha[8]
		The Xiongnu invade Longxi Commandery[4]

180s BC

Year	Date	Event
180 BC		Lü Clan Disturbance: Empress Lü dies and her clan is slaughtered[8]
		Emperor Houshao of Han is deposed and succeeded by Liu Heng (posthumously Emperor Wen of Han)[9]
179 BC		Earliest archaeological evidence of paper[10]
		The Xiongnu invade Yunzhong Commandery[4]
177 BC		The Xiongnu invade Ordos[11]
176 BC		The kingdoms of Liang, Zhao, Qi, Dai, and Huainan are split up[12]

170s BC

Year	Date	Event
169 BC		The Xiongnu raid Han[4]
166 BC		A 140,000 strong Xiongnu force invade near Chang'an[13]

160s BC

Year	Date	Event
160 BC		A system of beacon and lookout stations is deployed[13]
158 BC		A 30,000 strong Xiongnu force attacks Yunzhong Commandery and Dai Commandery[4]
157 BC		Emperor Wen of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Qi (posthumously Emperor Jing of Han)[14]
154 BC		Rebellion of the Seven States: Liu Pi and six other kings rebel but are defeated[15]

150s BC

Year	Date	Event
148 BC		The Xiongnu attack Yan Province[4]
144 BC		The Xiongnu raid Yanmen Pass for horses[4]
142 BC		The Xiongnu attack Yanmen Pass[4]
141 BC		Emperor Wen of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Che (posthumously Emperor Wu of Han)[16]

140s BC

Year	Date	Event
139 BC		Zhang Qian sets off for the Western Regions[17]
136 BC		Official posts are created for academicians[18]
135 BC		Han campaigns against Minyue: A puppet king is installed in Minyue[19]
133 BC	June	Battle of Mayi: The Han army fails to ambush the Xiongnu[17]
132 BC		Yellow River dikes burst[20]

130s BC

Year	Date	Event
129 BC		Han forces (40,000) under Wei Qing, Gongsun Ao, Gongsun He, and Li Guang engage in combat with the Xiongnu[21]
128 BC		The Xiongnu attack Liaoxi and engage in combat with Han forces (40,000) under Wei Qing and Li Xi[22]
		Nan Lü of Dongye surrenders to Han and the Canghai Commandery is created[22]
127 BC		The Xiongnu raid Liaoxi and Yanmen
		Han forces under Wei Qing, Hao Xian, and Li Xi plunder the Xiongnu for livestock[21]
126 BC		The Canghai Commandery is abandoned[22]
		The Xiongnu army (900,000) raids Han territory
124 BC		Han forces (100,000) under Wei Qing attack the Xiongnu[21]
123 BC		Han forces (100,000) under Wei Qing attack the Xiongnu[21]
122 BC		The Prince of Huainan rebels and is defeated[23]
		The Xiongnu raid Shanggu
121 BC		Han forces under Huo Qubing, Zhao Ponu, Zhang Qian, and Li Guang attack the Xiongnu[21]

120s BC

Year	Date	Event
120 BC		The Xiongnu raid Youbeiping and Xingxiang, taking 1,000 captives
119 BC	June	Battle of Mobei: Han generals Huo Qubing and Wei Qing defeat the Xiongnu[17]
		Introduction of the iron and salt monopoly[11]
		New taxes are levied on market transactions, vehicles, and property[24]
		Zhang Qian goes on another trip to the Western Regions[17]
116 BC		The Xiongnu raid Liang Province
113 BC		Reign names are introduced[25]
112 BC		State monopoly on minting is enacted[26]
		A Han force of 20,000 attack the Qing in eastern Tibet
111 BC		Han conquest of Nanyue: Han annexes Nanyue[27]
		Han campaigns against Minyue: Âu Việt is defeated but the Han evacuate the Yue area rather than annex it; with the exception of Dongye at the mouth of the Min River, modern Fujian would not see significant colonization until 200 AD[28]
		Han forces (25,000)) under Gongsun He and Zhao Ponu try to attack the Xiongnu but can't find them[21]
		Modern Guizhou is incorporated into the empire[29]

110s BC

Year	Date	Event
110 BC		Emperor Wu of Han personally leads Han forces (180,000) against the Xiongnu but their chanyu decides to retreat[21]
		Han secures a marriage alliance with the Wusun through Liu Jieyou[30]
109 BC		Han conquest of Dian: The Dian Kingdom becomes a Han vassal[31]
108 BC		Han conquest of Gojoseon: Han annexes Gojoseon[32] and sets up the Lelang, Lintun, Xuantu, and Zhenfan commanderies[33]
		Battle of Loulan: Han subjugates Qiemo and the Jushi Kingdom[34]
106 BC		Thirteen regional inspectors are appointed to be directly answerable to the central government[35]
105 BC		Cai Lun improves on paper using a combination of rags and plant fibers[36]
		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[29]
104 BC		War of the Heavenly Horses: Li Guangli fails to make it to Dayuan[37]
103 BC		Han forces (20,000) under Zhao Ponu attack the Xiongnu but are defeated[21]
102 BC		The Xiongnu raid Jiuquan and Zhangye, capturing several thousand people
101 BC		War of the Heavenly Horses: Li Guangli forces Dayuan to provide horses[37]
		Han vassalizes Fergana[30]

1st century BC

100s BC

Year	Date	Event
99 BC		Battle of Tian Shan: Han forces (35,000) under Li Guangli and Li Ling are defeated by the Xiongnu[38]
98 BC		State monopoly on liquor is enacted[26]
97 BC		Han forces (140,000) under Li Guangli attack the Xiongnu without results[21]
94 BC	Summer	Han forces under Xu Xiangru kill the king of Suoju (around modern Yarkant County) and capture 1,500 people[39]
91 BC		Factional strife in Chang'an results in the deaths of thousands[40]

90s BC

Year	Date	Event
90 BC		Han forces (79,000) under Li Guangli are defeated by the Xiongnu but another Han army (30,000) under Shang Qiucheng manages to force the Xiongnu to flee[38]
		Han forces under Cheng Wan conquer Jushi Kingdom[21]
87 BC		Han forces under Wen Zhong capture a city near modern Islamabad[41]
	29 March	Emperor Wu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Fuling (posthumously Emperor Zhao of Han)[42]
86 BC		Liu Dan's coup fails[43]
		Rebellion occurs in the southwest[44]
83 BC		Rebellion occurs in the southwest[44]
82 BC		Zhenfan and Lintun commanderies are abandoned[45]
		Hainan is abandoned for a time[27]
81 BC		Discourses on Salt and Iron
		State monopoly on liquor is abolished[26]

80s BC

Year	Date	Event
80 BC		Liu Dan attempts another coup, which also fails[46]
78 BC		Han forces under (20,000) under Fan Mingyou attack the Wuhuan
75 BC		Goguryeo attacks Xuantu Commander[47]
74 BC	18 July	Emperor Zhao of Han dies and the Marquis of Haihun is enthroned[48]
	14 August	The Marquis of Haihun is deposed and replaced by Liu Bingyi (posthumously Emperor Xuan of Han)[48]
71 BC		The Han, Wusun, Dingling, and Wuhuan coalition defeats the Xiongnu[49]

70s BC

Year	Date	Event
69 BC		Han forces under Chang Hui retaliate against Qiuci for killing Colonel Laidan[50]
67 BC		Battle of Jushi: Han forces conquer the Jushi Kingdom[49]
65 BC		Han forces under Feng Fenshi force the king of Suoju to commit suicide and enthrone another king[51]
		Han vassalizes Qiuci[30]
		The Qiang revolt in eastern Tibet
64 BC		The people of the Jushi Kingdom are moved to Quli to work the land[51]
		The Xiongnu attack Jiaohe in the aftermath of the Battle of Jushi
61 BC		Han forces under Zhao Chongguo advance into Qinghai and establish colonies

60s BC

Year	Date	Event
60 BC		The Protectorate of the Western Regions is established under Zheng Ji[30]
53 BC		Wusun submit to Han suzerainty and are split into Greater and Lesser Kunmi[52]

50s BC

Year	Date	Event
49 BC		Emperor Xuan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Shi (posthumously Emperor Yuan of Han)[53]
46 BC		Hainan is abandoned for a time[27]
44 BC		The state monopoly on salt and iron is temporarily abolished[54]
42 BC		Qiang tribes revolt in the west[55]
41 BC		The state monopoly on salt and iron is restored[56]
		Han forces (60,000) under Feng Fengshi crush the Qiang rebels

40s BC

Year	Date	Event
39 BC		Yellow River dikes burst[57]
36 BC		Battle of Zhizhi: Han forces defeat the Xiongnu[58]
33 BC		Emperor Yuan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Ao (posthumously Emperor Cheng of Han)[59]

30s BC

Year	Date	Event
29 BC		Yellow River dikes burst[57]
27 BC		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[29]

10s BC

Year	Date	Event
7 BC	7 May	Emperor Cheng of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Xin (posthumously Emperor Ai of Han)[59]
3 BC		The cult of the Queen Mother of the West spreads throughout China[60]
1 BC	15 August	Emperor Ai of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu JIzi (posthumously Emperor Ping of Han[61]

1st century

0s

Year	Date	Event
1		Earliest extant blast furnaces[62]
3		The Yellow River floods and changes course[63]
6	2 February	Emperor Ping of Han dies and Ruzi Ying becomes heir apparent but Wang Mang becomes acting emperor[64]
7		Wang Mang is accused of murdering Emperor Ping of Han[65]
9	10 January	Wang Mang declares his own Xin dynasty (literally "new dynasty")[66]
		The slave trade is outlawed[67]

10s

Year	Date	Event
12		Wang Mang extends Xin territory into Qinghai[68]
		Xin forces defeat Goguryeo in battle[69]
		Aboriginals in Zangke Commandery (Guizhou) rebel[29]
		The slave trade ban is rescinded[26]
13		Karasahr rebels[68]
14		Aboriginals in Yi Province rebel[29]
16		A Xin expeditionary army under Guo Qin massacres the population of Karasahr[68]
17		Red Eyebrows: Rebellion erupts in modern Shandong[20]

20s

Year	Date	Event
22		Lulin: Rebellion erupts in Nanyang[70]
	11 March	Liu Xuan (later known as the Gengshi Emperor) is enthroned by the rebels[71]
		Red Eyebrows: Xin forces are defeated by the rebels[20]
23	January	Lulin: Xin forces are defeated by rebels[71]
	7 July	Battle of Kunyang: Xin forces are defeated by rebels[72]
	6 October	Lulin: Rebels take Chang'an and kill Wang Mang; Luoyang falls soon after[73]
		Koreans raid the Lelang Commandery and take slaves[19]
		The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned[55]
24	March	The Gengshi Emperor relocates to Chang'an[74]
25	July	Red Eyebrows: The Red Eyebrows enthrone their own emperor, Liu Penzi[75]
	5 August	Liu Xiu proclaims himself emperor (posthumously Emperor Guangwu of Han)[76]
	October	Red Eyebrows: The Red Eyebrows take Chang'an and strangle the Gengshi Emperor[75]
	27 November	Emperor Guangwu of Han takes Luoyang[76]
		Wang Diao takes over Lelang Commandery[77]
27	15 March	Red Eyebrows: Rebels surrender to Emperor Guangwu of Han[78]
29		Emperor Guangwu of Han pacifies the northern Central Plains and Nanyang[78]
		The Taixue is created[79]

30s

Year	Date	Event
30		Emperor Guangwu of Han pacifies the Lelang Commandery, southern Central Plains and Shandong[78]
31		Du Shi uses waterwheels to power piston-bellows for blast furnaces[80]
32		Ban Gu is born
34		Emperor Guangwu of Han defeats Wei Ao and pacifies the northwest[78]
36	25 December	Emperor Guangwu of Han defeats Gongsun Shu and takes Chengdu, restoring the Han[78]

40s

Year	Date	Event
40		Trung sisters' rebellion: Yue tribes rebel in Jiaozhi[81]
43		Trung sisters' rebellion: The Trưng Sisters are decapitated[81]
44		Han forces under Ma Yuan are defeated by Xiongnu
45		Ban Zhao is born
		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
		Xiongnu raid Changshan
48		Aboriginals rebel in Wuling Commandery (northwestern Hunan)[83]
49		Wuhuan settle in the northwest and north of the Central Plain[84]
		Qiang tribes retake the Qinghai region[85]

50s

Year	Date	Event
51		An Ailao tribe defects to Han[86]
57	29 March	Emperor Guangwu of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Yang (posthumously Emperor Ming of Han)[87]

60s

Year	Date	Event
63		The Xiongnu gain control of the Western Regions and start raiding Han[88]
65		Liu Ying becomes the first documented sponsor of Buddhism in China[87]
69		An Ailao tribe defects to Han[86]

70s

Year	Date	Event
70		The southern flow of the Yellow River is eliminated[20]
73		Battle of Yiwulu: Han general Dou Gu defeats the Xiongnu and restores the Protectorate of the Western Regions[89]
74		Han forces capture Jushi Kingdom
75	5 September	Emperor Ming of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Da (posthumously Emperor Zhang of Han)[90]
77		The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned[91]

80s

Year	Date	Event
88	9 April	Emperor Zhang of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Zhao (posthumously Emperor He of Han)[92]
89		Battle of the Altai Mountains: Han general Dou Xian defeats the Xiongnu[93]

90s

Year	Date	Event
90		The Protectorate of the Western Regions is restored[91]
92		Ban Gu dies
93		The Xiongnu settle in southern Shaanxi[94]

2nd century

100s

Year	Date	Event
106	13 February	Emperor He of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Long (posthumously Emperor Shang of Han)[95]
	21 September	Emperor Shang of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hu (posthumously Emperor An of Han)[95]
		Goguryeo invades Xuantu Commandery[19]
107		The Protectorate of the Western Regions is abandoned[91]
		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
108		Qiang tribes raid the Central Plains[85]

110s

Year	Date	Event
111		The Book of Han is finished by Ban Zhao
116		Ban Zhao dies
		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
117		Han forces under Ren Shang defeat the Qiang

120s

Year	Date	Event
123		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
125	30 April	Emperor An of Han dies and is succeeded by the Marquess of Beixiang[96]
	16 December	Eunuch loyalists overthrow the Marquess of Beixiang and enthrone Liu Bao (posthumously Emperor Shun of Han)[96]

130s

Year	Date	Event
132		Han retakes some of Xuantu Commandery from Goguryeo[19]
		Zhang Heng invents the seismometer[97]
137		Rebellion erupts in Rinan[98]

140s

Year	Date	Event
140		The Xiongnu overrun the Tiger's Teeth encampment near Chang'an[99]
		The Qiang rebel
142		The Qiang rebellion is defeated
144	20 September	Emperor Shun of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Bing (posthumously Emperor Chong of Han)[100]
	December	Rebellion erupts in Jiujiang[101]
145	15 February	Emperor Chong of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Zuan (posthumously Emperor Zhi of Han)[100]
		Rebels attack Guangling and Jiujiang[101]
		Xianbei raid Dai Commandery[101]
		Hua Meng declares himself the Black Emperor and gets killed[101]
146	26 July	Emperor Zhi of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Zhi (posthumously Emperor Huan of Han)[100]
		Policy of assimilation in the southwest is implemented through education programs[44]

150s

Year	Date	Event
156		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
159		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]

160s

Year	Date	Event
166		The Xianbei raid Han territory
167		Han forces under Duan Jiong massacre the Qiang
168	25 January	Emperor Huan of Han dies and is succeeded by Liu Hong (posthumously Emperor Ling of Han)[102]
169		Duan Jiong defeats the Xianlian Qiang[103]

170s

Year	Date	Event
176		Aboriginals rebel in the southwest[82]
177		Han forces (20,000) under Xia Yu and Tian Yan are defeated by the Xianbei

180s

Year	Date	Event
184	spring	Yellow Turban Rebellion: The Yellow Turbans ravage the north and east and are defeated[104][105]
	winter	Liang Province rebellion: A rebellion occurs in Liang province (Liangzhou; 涼州; roughly present-day Wuwei, Gansu)[104]
185		The imperial palace is damaged by fire and special taxes are levied for rebuilding[104]
188		Governors are appointed to unify provincial administrations[104]
189	summer	Emperor Ling of Han dies; Empress He and her brother He Jin enthrone Liu Bian and establish a regency government[104]
	winter	The Ten Eunuchs kill He Jin and are themselves massacred by Yuan Shao[105]; Dong Zhuo takes control of Luoyang and deposes Liu Bian in favor of his half-brother Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han[104]

190s

Year	Date	Event
190		Campaign against Dong Zhuo: An anti-Dong Zhuo alliance forms in the east, led by Yuan Shao[104]
		Dong Zhuo burns Luoyang, loots the imperials tombs, and relocates to Chang'an[105]; the coalition breaks up and local officials set themselves up as warlords[104]
		Cai Yong dies[105]
191		Zhang Lu sets up a theocracy in Hanzhong[104]
192		Wang Yun and Lü Bu kill Dong Zhuo and Wang Yun himself is killed by Dong Zhuo's officers Li Jue and Guo Si[104]
		Cao Cao takes over Yan Province[104]
195		Emperor Xian of Han escapes from Chang'an[104]
		Sun Ce sets up south of the Changjiang[104]
196		Emperor Xian of Han relocates to Xuchang under Cao Cao's control[104]
197		Campaign against Yuan Shu: Yuan Shu takes the imperial title but is driven south by Cao Cao[104]
199		Battle of Yijing: Yuan Shao eliminates Gongsun Zan in You Province[104]
		Yuan Shu dies[104]

3rd century

Year	Date	Event
200		Battle of Guandu: Yuan Shao is defeated by Cao Cao northeast of modern Zhongmou, Henan[104]
		Sun Ce dies and is succeeded by his brother Sun Quan[104]
		Zheng Xuan dies[105]
202		Yuan Shao dies and is succeeded by his younger son Yuan Shang[104]
203		Cao Cao's campaigns to unify northern China begin[104]
207		Battle of White Wolf Mountain: Cao Cao defeats the Wuhuan and unites northern China[104]
208		Liu Biao dies in Jing Province and Cao Cao takes over[104]
		Battle of Red Cliffs: Cao Cao is defeated on the Changjiang, west of modern Jiangxia, Hubei, by Sun Quan and Liu Bei[104]
210		Liu Bei occupies the south of Jing Province[104]
211		Battle of Tong Pass: Cao Cao defeats Ma Chao and Han Sui and starts campaigning in northwestern China[104]
		Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province: Liu Zhang invites Liu Bei to Yi Province (covering present-day Sichuan and Chongqing)[104]
214		Liu Bei's takeover of Yi Province: Liu Bei takes control of Yi Province from Liu Zhang[104]
215		Battle of Yangping: Zhang Lu surrenders Hanzhong to Cao Cao[104]
216		Cao Cao declares himself King of Wei[106]
219	spring	Battle of Mount Dingjun: Liu Bei defeats Cao Cao's general Xiahou Yuan and takes Hanzhong[104]
	autumn	Liu Bei becomes King of Hanzhong[104]
		Battle of Fancheng: Liu Bei's general Guan Yu attacks north in Jing Province[104]
	winter	Lü Meng's invasion of Jing Province: Sun Quan's general Lü Meng attacks Guan Yu and seizes the south of Jing Province[104]
220		Guan Yu is executed by Sun Quan[106]
	spring	Cao Cao dies at Luoyang and is succeeded by his son Cao Pi[104]
		The Nine-rank system is implemented[106]
	winter	Cao Pi forces Emperor Xian of Han to abdicate and declares himself Emperor of the Wei dynasty; so ends the Han dynasty[104]

Gallery

• 
  Chu-Han Contention (207 BC–202 BC)
• 
  Han dynasty, 190 BC - kingdoms in red, commanderies in black
• 
  154 BC - Rebellion of the Seven States
• 
  Southern tribes in ancient China - red means nomadic, yellow is semi-nomadic, and purple is sedentary.
• 
  Provinces which suffered heavy Xiongnu raiding during the Han dynasty
• 
  Han campaigns
• 
  Korea 108 BC
• 
  The Four Commanderies of Han, 107 BC
• 
  Korea in 1 AD
• 
  Extent of Han culture in 2 AD
• 
  Han commanderies and kingdoms, 2 AD
• 
  Chinese population 2 AD
• 
  Han dynasty population distribution in 2 AD
• 
  Major Yellow River course changes
• 
  Xin dynasty
• 
  Uprisings during the Xin dynasty
• 
  Han dynasty, 140 AD
• 
  Chinese population 140 AD
• 
  Duan Jiong's anti-Qiang campaign, 167-169 AD
• 
  Yellow Turban Rebellion
• 
  Han provinces, 189 AD
• 
  Korea 204 AD

Citations

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2. Twitchett 2008, p. 122.
3. Twitchett 2008, p. 127.
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15. Twitchett 2008, p. 141.
16. Twitchett 2008, p. 144.
17. Twitchett 2008, p. 164.
18. Twitchett 2008, p. 154.
19. Twitchett 2008, p. 450.
20. Twitchett 2008, p. 243.
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49. Twitchett 2008, p. 411.
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51. Chang 2007, p. 227.
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