Texas Senate
The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature. There are 31 members of the Senate, representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas, with populations of approximately 806,000 per constituency, based on the 2010 U.S. Census. There are no term limits, and each term is four years long. Elections are held in even-numbered years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. In elections in years ending in 2, all seats are up for election. Half of the senators will serve a two-year term, based on a drawing; the other half will fill regular four-year terms. In the case of the latter, they or their successors will be up for two-year terms in the next year that ends in 0. As such, in other elections, about half of the Texas Senate is on the ballot. The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin. The Republicans currently control the chamber, which is made up of 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats.[1][2]
Texas Senate | |
|---|---|
| Texas State Legislature | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | of the Texas Legislature |
Term limits | None |
| History | |
New session started | January 8, 2019 |
| Leadership | |
President of the Senate | |
President Pro Tempore | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 31 |
 | |
Political groups | Majority
Minority |
Length of term | 4 years |
| Authority | Article 3, Texas Constitution |
| Salary | $7,200/year + per diem |
| Elections | |
| First-past-the-post | |
Last election | November 6, 2018 (15 seats) |
Next election | November 3, 2020 (16 seats) |
| Redistricting | Legislative Control |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| State Senate Chamber Texas State Capitol Austin, Texas | |
| Website | |
| Texas State Senate | |
Leadership
The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the President of the Senate. Unlike most lieutenant governors who are constitutionally designated as presiding officers of the upper house, the Lieutenant Governor regularly exercises this function. The Lieutenant Governor's duties include appointing chairs of committees, committee members, assigning and referring bills to specific committees, recognizing members during debate, and making procedural rulings. The Lieutenant Governor may also cast a vote should a Senate floor vote end in a tie. If the Senate votes to dissolve itself into the Committee of the Whole, in which all members are part of the Committee, the President Pro-Tempore presides over the proceedings, with the Lieutenant Governor acting as a regular voting member. Due to the various powers of committee selection and bill assignment, the Lieutenant Governor of Texas is considered one of the most powerful lieutenant governorships in the United States.
Unlike other state legislatures, the Texas Senate does not include majority or minority leaders. Instead, the President Pro Tempore is considered the second most powerful position, and can be reserved to any political party in the chamber regardless if the party is a majority or not. Presidents Pro Tempore are usually the most senior members of the Senate. The President Pro Tempore presides when the Lieutenant Governor is not present or when the legislature is not in regular session.
For the 82nd Legislative Session, which began in 2011, there were only two new, or freshman, senators, Brian Birdwell, a Republican from Granbury, and José R. Rodríguez, a Democrat from El Paso.
For the 83rd Legislative Session, which began in 2013, there were six new senators, including Sylvia Garcia, who succeeded the late senator Mario Gallegos Jr. through a special election. The five other new senators were Charles Schwertner, a Republican from Georgetown, Ken Paxton, a Republican from McKinney, Kelly Hancock, a Republican from Fort Worth, Larry Taylor, a Republican from Friendswood, and Donna Campbell, a Republican from New Braunfels. For this term of the Legislature the President of the Senate is Texas Lieutenant Governor Dan Patrick. The President Pro Tempore is Republican Kel Seliger of District 31 (Amarillo). Senator John Whitmire, a Democrat from Houston, is the Dean of the Senate, meaning he is the most senior member, having served since 1987. Senator Chris Harris, a Republican from Arlington, is the most senior member of his party, and the fourth most-senior overall member.
New senators elected in 2014 included Bob Hall, Paul Bettencourt, Van Taylor, Don Huffines, and Konni Burton, all Republicans.
New senators elected in 2016 were Bryan Hughes (R), Borris Miles (D), and Dawn Buckingham (R).[3]
Pete Flores (R) joined the Texas Senate through a special election in 2018.[4]
New senators elected in the 2018 regular election included Angela Paxton (R), Beverly Powell (D), Nathan Johnson (D), and Pat Fallon (R).[5]
State Rep. Carol Alvarado, D-Houston, won the Senate District 6 special election on December 11, 2018, to replace Sylvia Garcia, who resigned after she won a seat in the United States House of Representatives in the regular election.[6]
Leaders
| Position | Name | Party | Residence | District |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lieutenant Governor/President of the Senate | Dan Patrick | Republican | Houston | |
| President Pro Tempore | Joan Huffman | Republican | Houston | 17 |
History
Quorum-busting
There have been at least three cases of quorum-busting in Texas Senate history. The first case was in 1870, with the Rump Senate, followed by the 1979 Killer Ds. and finally the Texas Eleven in August 2003, who were following the example of the Texas house Killer Ds.[7]
Committee structure
The following represents the Senate committee structure for the 86th Legislature.
- Administration
- Agriculture
- Business & Commerce
- Criminal Justice
- Education
- Finance
- Health & Human Services
- Higher Education
- Intergovernmental Relations
- Natural Resources & Economic Development
- Nominations
- Property Tax
- State Affairs
- Transportation
- Veteran Affairs & Border Security
- Water & Rural Affairs
In addition, the House and Senate operate the permanent joint committee known as the Legislative Budget Board (LBB).
Current composition
| Affiliation | Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Democratic | Vacant | ||
| Begin 2013[8] | 19 | 11 | 30 | 1 |
| March 3, 2013[9] | 12 | 31 | 0 | |
| Begin 2015 | 20 | 11 | 31 | 0 |
| Begin 2017 | 20 | 11 | 31 | 0 |
| End 2018 | 21 | 10 | 31 | 0 |
| Begin 2019 | 19 | 12 | 31 | 0 |
| Latest voting share | 61.3% | 38.7% | ||
List of members
†Elected in a special election
Notable past members
- Edward Clark, Lieutenant Governor of Texas (1859–1861), Governor of Texas (1861).
- Wayne Connally, Senator from Wilson County (1967–1973), brother of Governor John Connally.
- Lloyd Doggett, Texas Supreme Court Justice (1989–1994), U.S. House of Representatives (1995–present).
- Robert L. Duncan, State Senator from Lubbock, 1996–2014; Chancellor of the Texas Tech University System since 2014
- Chet Edwards, U.S. House of Representatives (1991–2011).
- James W. Flanagan, U.S. Senate (1870–1875).
- Glenn Hegar, current Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts (2015–present).
- John Ireland, Texas Supreme Court Justice (1876), Governor of Texas (1883–1887).
- Eddie Bernice Johnson, U.S. House of Representatives (1993–present).
- Rienzi Melville Johnston, U.S. Senate (1913).
- Barbara Jordan, U.S. House of Representatives (1973–1979).
- Earle Bradford Mayfield, U.S. Senate (1923–1929).
- William Neff "Bill" Patman, Senator from Jackson County (1961–1981), U.S. House of Representatives (1981–1985).
- Dan Patrick, current Lieutenant Governor of Texas (2015–present).
- Jerry E. Patterson, Commissioner of the Texas General Land Office (2003–2015).
- Ken Paxton, current Attorney General of Texas (2015–present).
- Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Governor of Texas, (1887–1891).
- Joseph D. Sayers, Lieutenant Governor of Texas (1879–1881), U.S. House of Representatives (1885–1899), Governor of Texas (1899–1903).
- Allan Shivers, Lieutenant Governor of Texas (1946–1949), Governor of Texas (1949–1957).
- Preston Smith, Governor of Texas (1969–1973).
- Frank Tejeda, U.S. House of Representatives (1993–1997).
- James W. Throckmorton, Governor of Texas (1866–1867), U.S. House of Representatives (1875–1879, 1883–1887).
- Carlos Truan, Senator from Corpus Christi (1977–2003); author of Texas Bilingual Education Act.
- Jim Turner, U.S. House of Representatives (1997–2005).
- Matthias Ward, U.S. Senate (1858–1859).
- Ferdinand C. Weinert, Texas House and Texas Senate (1893–1935), Texas Secretary of State (1913).
- Louis Wigfall, U.S. Senate (1859–1861).
- Charles Wilson, U.S. House of Representatives (1973–1997).
Past composition of the Senate
The Senate was continuously held by Democrats from the end of the Reconstruction era until the Seventy-fifth Texas Legislature was seated in 1997, at which point Republicans took control. The Republican Party has maintained its control of the Senate since then.
See also
- Texas Legislature
- Texas House of Representatives
- List of Presidents pro tempore of the Texas Senate
- Texas Government Newsletter Voting History of the Texas Legislature.
References
- McGuinness, Dylan. Flores defeats Gallego in Senate District 19, San Antonio Express-News, September 19, 2018.
- Svitek, Patrick. Republican Pete Flores upsets Democrat Pete Gallego in race for Uresti seat, Texas Tribune, September 18, 2018.
- 2016 Texas Elections, Texas Senate, Texas Tribune, 2016.
- Texas Senate Members
- Results of the Texas 2018 midterm election, Texas Tribune, November 6, 2018.
- Scherer, Jasper. Alvarado wins Senate District 6 special election, December 11, 2018
- Fikac, Peggy, August 21, 2003, Senators' 1870 walkout also drew GOP's wrath Reconstruction-era tiff led to arrests and one expulsion, San Antonio Express-News
- Democrat Mario Gallegos, Jr. (District 6) died October 16 and was reelected posthumously.
- Democrat Sylvia Garcia elected to succeed Gallegos
External links
Members of the Texas Senate | ||
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Authority control  |
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