Silay

Silay, officially the City of Silay (Hiligaynon: Dakbanwa/Syudad sang Silay; Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Silay; Filipino: Lungsod ng Silay), is a 3rd class component city in the province of Negros Occidental, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 126,930 people.[3]

For the nearby volcano, see Silay (volcano).
Silay
Component city
City of Silay
San Diego Pro-cathedral
Seal
Nickname(s): 
"The Paris of Negros"
"The Visayan Marseille"
Anthem: Silaynon Song
Map of Negros Occidental with Silay highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Silay
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 10°48′N 122°58′E
Country Philippines
RegionWestern Visayas (Region VI)
ProvinceNegros Occidental
District3rd district of Negros Occidental
Founded1565
CityhoodJune 12, 1957
Barangays16 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Panlungsod
 • MayorMark Andrew Arthur J. Golez
 • Vice MayorThomas Maynard J. Ledesma
 • CongressmanJose Francisco B. Benitez
 • Electorate86,094 voters (2019)
Area
 [2]
 • Total214.80 km2 (82.93 sq mi)
Population
 (2015 census)[3]
 • Total126,930
 • Density590/km2 (1,500/sq mi)
 • Households
5,557
Demonym(s)Silaynon
Economy
 • Income class3rd city income class
 • Poverty incidence15.98% (2015)[4]
 • Revenue (₱)534,980,938.56 (2016)
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
6116
PSGC
064526000
IDD : area code +63 (0)34
Climate typetropical climate
Native languagesHiligaynon
Tagalog
Websitewww.silaycity.gov.ph

It is part of the metropolitan area called Metro Bacolod, which includes the cities of Bacolod (the metropolitan center) and Talisay.[5] It has a sizable commercial and fishing port and is the site of the new Bacolod-Silay International Airport, which replaced the old Bacolod City Domestic Airport.

Silay is often referred to as the "Paris of Negros"[6] due to its artists, cultural shows and large collection of perfectly preserved heritage houses. More than thirty of these houses have been declared by the National Historical Commission of the Philippines as part of the Silay National Historical Landmark.[7][8] In 2015, the city celebrated its 58th charter anniversary.[9]

Etymology

The appellation Silay is derived from the name of a native tree which grew abundantly in the area. The kansilay is the city's official tree.

The legend of Princess Kansilay

A local legend tells of how Silay City got its name. It is said that in the days of the datus and rajahs, there once lived a princess named Kansilay. An attack on the settlement by pirates was thwarted when the princess bravely led the people in the village's defense. The fight was furious and the princess fought like a seasoned warrior. Murals that used to grace some of the city's public buildings depict her as a fierce fighter wielding a huge talibong, a short native single-edged sword. The pirates were routed, but at the cost of the princess' life. Her paramour arrived in time to see her die. In grief, the people lovingly buried her. To their surprise, a tree grew right over her grave, the first Kansilay tree, a final gift from the brave princess.

History

Spanish colonization

Silay was first settled in 1565 under the name "Carobcob", which means "to scratch" in Kinaray-a; residents of the settlement relied upon harvesting tuway clams, which involved "scratching" (or raking) the sands for the mollusks at low tide, as a means of livelihood. In early writings, the settlement was also referred to as "Calubcub", "Caracol" and "Caraco".[10] The last two variations mean "snail" or a "spiral" in Spanish. Carobcob was built near the mouth of a creek; nothing is left of the village today. Carobcob was granted as an encomienda to Cristobal Nuñez Paroja, one of the seventeen soldiers of Miguel López de Legazpi on January 25, 1571.

In the second half of the century, Moro slave raiders escalated their incursions on the large island, forcing the Corregidor of Negros to adopt the policy of flight rather than resistance. People left their homes sometime in 1760 and settled in a new location between two small rivers, Matagoy and Panaogao. A paloisades or estacada (Spanish for "palisade" or "stockade") was constructed to protect the populace from Moro raiders. The place is now known as Sitio Estaca, its name derived from the Spanish word estacada.

In 1760 Silay was recognized as a town being referred to in a letter from Governor Juan Jose de Mijares (1772–1775) mentioning Silay as a leading town in the north. In 1776, the bishop of Cebu considered Silay as the center of the parish. In 1760, it became a pueblo or town. By 1896, it had become a leading sugar-producing area because of the Horno Economico (sugar mill) built in 1846 by a Frenchman who became a permanent resident of Silay, Yves Leopold Germain Gaston.

Negros Revolution
Main article: Negros Revolution
Balay Negrense on Cinco de Noviembre Street

With the outbreak of the Revolution of 1896 came a division between the sugarcane planters of Silay and the clergy. Some planters and clergy supported the rebels while others were against the revolution. On November 5 of 1898, at about 2:00 in the afternoon, residents of Silay gathered in the street corner now known as Cinco de Noviembre Street and from there they proceeded to the Spanish garrison near the Catholic Church. The encounter was bloodless. The Spanish civil guard commander, Lt. Maximiano Correa, refused to surrender. After negotiations with the revolutionaries mediated by Juan Viaplana, a local Spaniard, the Spanish garrison did surrender. A Philippine flag was raised for the first time at the Silay plaza later that afternoon. Leandro Locsin became temporary president after the signing of the terms of surrender. Timoteo Unson and the group of Silay residents then marched south to join forces with some residents of Talisay for an attack on Bacolod, the capital.

World War II

On the slopes of Mt. Silay lies Patag, the site of Imperial Japan's last stand in Negros during World War II. In 1945, U.S. military forces landed in the island. The occupying forces of the Nagano Detachment of the Imperial Japanese Army retreated to Silay and proceeded up Mt. Silay to Patag. There, they established a defensive position. Military forces of the Philippine Commonwealth and soldiers of the U.S. 40th Infantry Division proceeded up the slopes of Mt. Silay with help from Filipino soldiers of the 7th, 72nd and 75th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and Negrense guerrilla fighters and defeated the Japanese defenders. Today, the site is marked by a monument dedicated to the efforts which led to the liberation of the island of Negros.

Cultural and political aspects
Golez Heritage House

Silay City had been known in the past as the "Paris of Negros" and the "cultural and intellectual hub of Negros" due to the residents' love for knowledge and works of art, and its collection of heritage mansions built during the height of the Philippine sugar industry's success, of which Negros was the very center. Most notable among these houses is Balay Negrense, the mansion of the son of the first Negrense sugar baron, Yves Leopold Germain Gaston and the Hofileña Ancestral House built by Manuel Severino Hofileña for his wife, former Miss Silay Gilda Ledesma Hojilla.

Silay became a chartered city on June 12, 1957 by virtue of Republic Act 1621.

On June 7, 2003, Silay City became the first local government unit in the Republic of the Philippines to hold a referendum through a People's Initiative approving the 2003 annual executive budget.

Today, Silay City is listed by the Department of Tourism as one of its 25 tourist destinations in the Philippines. It is considered the seat of arts, culture and ecotourism in the Negros Island Region.

Barangays

Silay is politically sub-divided into 16 barangays.

  • Barangay I (Poblacion) (Urban Division)
  • Barangay II (Poblacion) (Urban Division)
  • Barangay III (cinco de Noviembre) (Poblacion) (Urban Division)
  • Barangay IV (Poblacion) (Urban Division)
  • Barangay V (Poblacion) (Urban Division)
  • Barangay VI (Poblacion) (Hawaiian) (Rural Division)
  • Eustaquio Lopez (Rural Division)
  • Guimbala-on (Rural Division)
  • Guinhalaran (Urban Division)
  • Kapitan Ramon (Rural Division)
  • Lantad (Rural Division)
  • Mambulac (Urban Division)
  • Rizal (Urban Division)
  • Bagtic (Rural Division)
  • Patag (Rural Division)
  • Balaring (Rural Division)

Climate
Climate data for Silay City, Negros Occidental
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)		 29
(84)		 30
(86)		 32
(90)		 32
(90)		 31
(88)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 28
(82)		 30
(85)
Average low °C (°F) 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 25
(77)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(73)		 24
(75)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 57
(2.2)		 37
(1.5)		 41
(1.6)		 42
(1.7)		 98
(3.9)		 155
(6.1)		 187
(7.4)		 162
(6.4)		 179
(7.0)		 188
(7.4)		 114
(4.5)		 78
(3.1)		 1,338
(52.8)
Average rainy days 12.0 7.7 9.2 10.2 19.5 24.6 26.9 25.1 25.5 25.2 18.0 13.0 216.9
Source: Meteoblue [11]

Demographics
Population census of Silay
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 25,214—    
1918 23,328−0.52%
1939 39,483+2.54%
1948 35,570−1.15%
1960 60,324+4.50%
1970 69,200+1.38%
1975 104,887+8.70%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1980 111,131+1.16%
1990 101,031−0.95%
1995 122,748+3.72%
2000 107,722−2.76%
2007 120,365+1.54%
2010 120,999+0.19%
2015 126,930+0.92%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3][12][13][14]

Cultural Events
Silay City Film Festival Screening.

Silay City Film Festival: Cine Kahirup

In 2016, the city of Silay created an event called "Photowalk", which amateurs take pictures around the city with a provided theme and create their own story out of their pictures. Years after, the city changed it to a film-making contest named as "Cine Kahirup".[15] Through this, Silay City showcases the talents of young film-makers by making a short film. The said event was founded by Mr. Neil Solomon Locsin, one of the cultural advisers of the city. Film-makers make their own stories, which the committee chooses the top 15 scripts and gives financial budget to those chosen production teams. The chosen production teams have only one month to finish their films. The committee invites professional judges to critique all films.[15]

Hugyaw Kansilay Festival

Silay City's Charter Day Anniversary Celebration marks the signing of Republic Act 1621, An Act Creating the City of Silay, which was passed by the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines on May 9, 1957 and approved by President Carlos P. Garcia on June 12, 1957.[16] Every 12th day of June, the Silay City celebrate their annual festival called "Hugyaw Kansilay Festival". The theme was derived from the story of Kansilay, which is also the origin of the city's name. The festival reflects the growth of Silay; from a lowly pueblo to a city that can hold its own among the country's best. The city's festival dance depicts the setting, characters, plot, sub-plots, conflict, climax and the story of the Legend of Kansilay.[17]

Transportation

Airports
The Bacolod-Silay International Airport terminal building

The Bacolod-Silay International Airport, serves the whole Metro Bacolod area and surrounding places. The P4.37-billion airport is capable of handling all-weather and night-landing operations. Its 2,000-meter (6,600 ft.) long and 45-meter (148 ft.) wide primary runway, and 678-meter by 23-meter taxiways can accommodate Airbus A320 family-size aircraft, and the Boeing 737, while the apron can hold five aircraft at any one time. The runway runs in a direction of 03°/21°. Provisions for a 500-meter (1,600 ft) expansion of the present runway in order to accommodate even larger airplanes like the Airbus A330, Airbus A340 and Boeing 747 are now in place. The airport is expected to be the primary entrance by air to Negros Island Region.

Silay is 50 minutes by air from Manila, 30 minutes by air from Cebu, 1 hour by air from Cagayan de Oro and 37.2 minutes by air from General Santos. Commercial airlines operating in the Bacolod-Silay International Airport are Philippine Airlines, Cebu Pacific Air, PAL Express, Zest Airways and South East Asian Airlines.

Schools

In Silay City, there are 31 schools that are officially listed by the city's Department of Education.

Public schools

Elementary
  • Silay South Elementary School
  • Silay North Elementary School
  • Governor Emilio Gaston Memorial Elementary School
  • Barangay Mambulac Elementary School
  • Guinhalaran Integrated School
  • Balaring Elementary School
  • Don Estaquio Hofileña Memorial School
  • Villa Miranda Elementary School
  • Estaquio Lopez Elementary School
  • Don Homero Hilado Tanpinco Elementary School
  • Patag Elementary School
  • Silay SPED Center (Elementary)
  • Salvacion Elementary School
  • Emiliano Lizares Elementary School
  • Hinicayan Elementary School
  • Hawaiian-Philippine Company Elementary School
  • Santo Rosario Elementary School
  • La Purisima Concepcion Elementary School

High schools
  • Doña Montserrat Lopez Memorial High School
  • Barangay E Lopez National High School
  • Barangay Guimbalaon National High School
  • Don Felix T. Lacson Memorial National High School
  • Doña Montserrat Lopez Memorial High School HPCO Extension
  • Doña Montserrat Lopez Memorial High School Patag Extension
  • Doña Montserrat Lopez Memorial High School Santo Rosario Extension
  • Don Albino and Doña Dolores Jison Integrated School
  • Lantawan Integrated School
  • Don Serafin L. Golez Memorial Integrated School
  • Napilas Integrated School
  • Sibato Integrated School
  • Violeta Integrated School
  • Silay SPED Center
  • Guinhalaran Integrated School
  • Don Eustaquio Hofileña Memorial Elementary School

Private schools
  • St. Theresita's Academy
  • Silay Institute
  • Cinco De Noviembre Learning Center
  • Faith Christian Academy-Silay Incorporated
  • St. Francis of Assisi of Silay Foundation Inc.
  • San Diego Study Center
  • Silay Hope Baptist Academy
  • The renowned convenience store 7/11 is now open to public.
  • The city's first museum to open in public is Hofileña Ancestral House.
  • Dr. Jose Corteza Locsin Heritage House. It was owned by the late Sen. Jose Locsin.
  • Bernandino Jalandoni Ancestral House also known as the "Pinkhouse", is one of the museums in the city.
  • A Dr. Jose Rizal statue located at Silay City Public Plaza near the main highway.
  • The smallest doll in the world can be found in Hofileña Museum.
  • Balay Negrense, the most visited ancestral house in the city.
  • San Diego Pro-Cathedral, the only church featuring a dome in the province.

Sister cities

Silay City has been twinned with the following cities:

Local

International

Notable residents
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See also

References
  1. "City". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  2. "Province:". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. Census of Population (2015). "Region VI (Western Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. "PSA releases the 2015 Municipal and City Level Poverty Estimates". Quezon City, Philippines. Retrieved 12 October 2019.
  5. "Building Globally Competitive Metro Areas in the Philippines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 2010-06-16.
  6. "Silay City – Negros Occidental Provincial Government". Archived from the original on 2016-05-07. Retrieved 2012-01-03.
  7. National Historical Commission of the Philippines (July 1990). "Declaring a Portion of Silay City, Negros Occidental, A National Historical Landmark" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-22. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  8. National Historical Commission of the Philippines (30 October 1990). "Amending Resolution No. 2, s. 1990, Dated July 1990, Declaring a Portion of Silay City, Negros Occidental, A National Historical Landmark" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-06-22. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  9. Pacete, Severino (9 June 2015). "Silaynons who made Silay". SunStar. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
  10. Sa-onoy, Modesto (2006). Parroquia de San Diego. Today Printers and Publishers. p. 1.
  11. "Silay: Average Temperatures and Rainfall". Meteoblue. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
  12. Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VI (Western Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  13. Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VI (Western Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  14. "Province of". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  15. Silay City Film Festival (March 21, 2017). "Sunstar". SunStar. Ver F. Pacete.
  16. "REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1621 - AN ACT CREATING THE CITY OF SILAY". ChanRobles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
  17. Ver. F. Pacete (June 4, 2016). "Kansilay Festival Dance". Sunstar.
  18. "Silay City celebrates Tourism Month". Philippine Information Services. 2008-09-02. Retrieved 2008-09-04.
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