September 1972

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September 5–6, 1972: 11 members of Israeli Olympic team killed by terrorists at Munich

The following events occurred in September 1972:

September 1, 1972 (Friday)
Fischer
Spassky

September 2, 1972 (Saturday)
Pappas

September 3, 1972 (Sunday)
  • The elections for the Khmer Republic's 126-member National Assembly took place. Because of a presidential decree designed to give President Lon Nol's Social Republican Party an advantage, the other parties withdrew from participating. The Socio-Republicans won all 126 seats on what was claimed to be a 78% turnout.[7]

September 4, 1972 (Monday)
Spitz
Barker
  • Bob Barker began a 35-year run as host of one of America's most popular game shows, as The New Price Is Right was shown for the first time on CBS. Barker would host the show (later simply The Price Is Right) until June 15, 2007.
  • Mark Spitz became the first competitor to win seven medals at a single Olympic Games, swimming as part of the American team in the 400 meter relay.
  • Armed robbers stole 18 paintings, including a Rembrandt, along with 38 pieces of jewelry and figurines from the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts, in the largest theft of private property in Canadian history. Except for one painting returned during abortive efforts to negotiate a ransom, none of the pieces of art work have ever been recovered, nor has anyone been charged.

September 5, 1972 (Tuesday)

September 6, 1972 (Wednesday)

September 7, 1972 (Thursday)
  • Prime Minister Indira Gandhi gave scientists at the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre the go-ahead to manufacture India's first nuclear bomb. India became the world's fifth nuclear power with the successful explosion of the bomb on May 18, 1974.[10]
  • The Soviet Union's Council of Ministers issued a directive to amend Section 74 of the Soviet Regulations on Communications, providing that "The use of telephonic communications ... for aims contrary to the interest of the State and to public order is forbidden." Under the regulation, telephone service was disconnected for dissidents without formally charging them with a crime.[11]

September 8, 1972 (Friday)

September 9, 1972 (Saturday)
  • A link between Kentucky's Mammoth Cave and the adjacent Flint Ridge Cave System was discovered by explorers from the Cave Research Foundation, creating the longest-cave passageway in the world, 144.4 miles from one end to the other.[13]
  • At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, the American men's basketball team, which had 64 victories and no defeats since the sport was added in 1936, lost to the Soviet Union, 51–50, on a shot at the buzzer by Alexander Belov. The U.S. team had been ahead, 50–49, when time first ran out, but Olympic officials added three seconds to the clock.[14] The Soviets won the gold medal, and the Americans voted unanimously to refuse the silver medal.
  • The three American television networks introduced their new cartoon schedules on the same morning. Among the new series being shown for the first time was Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids.
  • Charles B. DeBellevue became the last American flying ace, registering a fifth and sixth shootdown, the most during the Vietnam War.[15]
  • Born: Natasha Kaplinsky, British news anchor, in Brighton

September 10, 1972 (Sunday)

September 11, 1972 (Monday)
  • The Bay Area Rapid Transit System, more commonly known by the acronym BART, began operation on a 28-mile run between Oakland and Fremont, and would later expand to connect San Francisco and other points in the area.[18]
  • At the request of White House aide John Ehrlichman, John Dean met with IRS Commissioner Johnnie Walters and gave him a list of 490 individuals to investigate. Walters consulted with Treasury Secretary Schultz the next day, who directed him to do nothing.[19]
  • Died: Max Fleischer, 89, American animator and founder of Fleischer Studios

September 12, 1972 (Tuesday)
  • Nearly four years after it was proposed by President Nixon, the federal revenue sharing plan, which would transfer $5.3 billion of U.S. government revenues to state and local governments, was approved by the Senate, 64–20. The measure had passed the House, 275–122, on June 22.[20]
  • The attack on two British fishing trawlers, by the Icelandic gunboat ICGV Aegir, triggered the second Cod War between the UK and Iceland.[21][22]
  • The television show Maude premiered on CBS-TV at 8:00 pm, opposite the premiere on ABC of Temperatures Rising.
  • Born: Budi Putra, Indonesian journalist, in Payakumbuh, West Sumatra

September 13, 1972 (Wednesday)
  • Fifty-four North Korean members of its Red Cross delegation crossed the border at Panmunjom at 10:00 a.m. and were welcomed by their South Korean counterparts, in the first visit by North Korean officials since the end of the Korean War.[23]
  • More than 30 people, mostly schoolchildren, drowned when a ferry across the Kerian River (in Malaysia's Perak state) capsized. Some children were able to swim to safety, but most drowned in 40-foot-deep (12 m) waters.[24]
  • Air Mauritius, the national airline of Mauritania, made its first flight, five years after the company's founding, with a six-seat Piper PA-31 Navajo airplane that flew every Wednesday from Port Louis to Rodrigues and back again. Twenty-five years later, the Air Mauritius fleet would have four Airbus A340-300s, three Boeing 767s, two Boeing 747s, two ATR 42 turboprop carriers, and two Bell 206 helicopters.[25]
  • Born: Kelly Chen (Vivian Chen Wai Man), Hong Kong singer, in Hong Kong

September 14, 1972 (Thursday)
  • Pope Paul VI issued a motu proprio, rejecting calls to allow women to have any formal ministerial role in the Roman Catholic Church. "In accordance with the venerable tradition of the Church," the Pope proclaimed, "installation in the ministries of lector and acolyte is reserved to men."[26]
  • More than 33 years after the outbreak of World War II, West Germany and Poland restored diplomatic relations. East Germany had been an ally of Poland since that nation's establishment in 1949.
Grandma Walton and John-Boy
  • The Waltons, based on producer Earl Hamner's reminiscences of his rural childhood, began a ten-season run on CBS. The setting was the fictional "Jefferson County, Virginia" in the 1930s.[27]
  • Born: Notah Begay III, American Indian golfer, in Albuquerque

September 15, 1972 (Friday)
  • A federal grand jury indicted the five Watergate burglars, along with E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy.[28] On the same day, White House staff attorney John Dean met with President Nixon for the first time. In the meeting, which lasted from 5:27 to 6:17, and discussed the covering up of the White House role in the Watergate break-in. Dean would testify about his memory of the discussion at the Watergate hearings on June 25, 1973, unaware that Oval Office conversations were all recorded at Nixon's request. Nixon, Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, and Dean, discussed plans to take revenge on the President's enemies. "They are asking for it and they are going to get it," commented Nixon, adding "We haven't used the Bureau and we haven't used the Justice Department, but things are going to change now. They're going to get it right."[29]
  • South Vietnam's army regained control of the city of Quảng Trị, more than three months after the provincial capital had been captured by North Vietnamese forces.[30]
  • Born: Jimmy Carr, British comedian, in Hounslow
  • Died: Geoffrey Fisher, 85, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1945 to 1961

September 16, 1972 (Saturday)
The Bob Newhart Show cast
W. Mark Felt, "Deep Throat"
  • The Bob Newhart Show began a successful seven season run on CBS, giving the master of the telephone monologue a situation comedy role as Chicago psychologist Dr. Robert Hartley. A variety show of the same name had appeared on NBC from 1961 to 1962.[32]
  • "Deep Throat" (later revealed to be FBI Associate Director W. Mark Felt) listened over the telephone to reporter Bob Woodward's draft of a story on Watergate and confirmed an anonymous tip that money from Maurice Stans had been used to finance the Watergate break-in.[33]

September 17, 1972 (Sunday)
The original cast of M*A*S*H
  • The television series M*A*S*H began an eleven-season run, eight years longer than the Korean War which provided its setting.[34]
  • In the first release of prisoners of war since 1969, North Vietnam released three American POWs. Navy Lieutenants. Norris Charles and Markham Gartley, and Air Force Major Edward Elias were provided civilian clothes and then allowed to stay in Hanoi with an American welcoming team. Another 539 American POWs remained in captivity, and more than 1,000 Americans listed as missing in action were unaccounted for.[35]
  • Uganda was invaded, from Tanzania, by 1,000 soldiers of the "Uganda People's Militia".[36] The Ugandan Army repelled the invasion after two weeks of fighting.

September 18, 1972 (Monday)
  • Former Japanese Foreign Minister Zentaro Kosaka publicly apologized, on behalf of Japan, at a banquet in Beijing for Japan's atrocities against China prior to and during World War II.[37]

September 19, 1972 (Tuesday)
  • A parcel bomb sent to the Israeli Embassy in London killed Ami Schachori, the agricultural attaché, who was scheduled to return home after four years abroad. Another bomb arrived at the Israeli Embassy in Paris later in the day, but was disarmed. Both packages had been sent from Amsterdam.[38] Other packages were delivered the next day in New York and Montreal, and defused.
  • The Oakland A's began a game in which they would use 30 players in a 15-inning game against the Chicago White Sox, setting a Major League Baseball record that still stands.[39] The game also broke a major league record for most players used by both teams (51) in a game. The White Sox, at second place in the American League West division, beat the first place A's, 8 to 7 when the game ended at 12:59 the next morning after 4 hours and 41 minutes of play.[40]
  • Born Ashot Nadanian, Armenian chess player, in Baku, Armenian SSR, Soviet Union
  • Died Robert Casadesus, 73, French pianist

September 20, 1972 (Wednesday)
  • Britain's ratification of the Treaty of Accession to the Common Market was completed.[41]
  • Floyd Patterson's comeback attempt came to an end with a bout against Muhammad Ali. Patterson, the world heavyweight boxing champion from 1956 to 1959, and 1961 to 1962, had been attempting to regain his crown since 1970. The fight was stopped in the seventh round after Ali opened a cut over Patterson's eye.[42]
  • Died: Richard Oakes, 30, Mohawk American Indian activist who led the Occupation of Alcatraz from 1969 to 1971, was shot and killed during an argument with Michael Morgan, the caretaker of a YMCA camp in Annapolis, California.[43] The homicide took place six days after a confrontation between Oakes and Morgan on use of the property.[44]

September 21, 1972 (Thursday)

September 22, 1972 (Friday)
  • Hexachlorophene, an anti-bacterial compound that had been a popular additive in skin cleansers, cosmetics, deodorants, toothpastes and baby powder, was banned by the Food and Drug Administration except for prescription use. FDA studies had concluded that HCP caused brain damage in infants, and ordered immediate removal of baby powder with more than 0.75% HCP, and directed that cleansers with 3% concentration could be sold only by prescription.[48]
  • Willy Brandt called for a vote of confidence in his government, one he expected to lose, as a pretext for new parliamentary elections.[49]

September 23, 1972 (Saturday)
  • At an annual meeting of the International Monetary Fund, U.S. Treasury Secretary George P. Schultz unveiled a proposal for "SDRs"—Special Drawing Rights—to replace gold reserves as the asset to which the world currencies would be tied.[50]
  • Julius Erving, remembered for playing for the Philadelphia 76ers, the New York Nets and even the Virginia Squires, played his first professional basketball game, appearing as an NBA draftee for the Atlanta Hawks, for whom he played in an exhibition against the ABA's Kentucky Colonels, in a 112–99 win in Frankfort, Kentucky. Erving would play another exhibition for the NBA Hawks before returning to the ABA.[51]
  • "Moo-la the Cow" was unveiled in Stephenville, Texas, honoring the local dairy industry.[52]
  • A 15-year-old boy in Waldport, Oregon, was killed, and two other people injured, after being struck by lightning.[53] Though he was carrying a box, containing 135 sticks of dynamite, the box did not explode, contrary to some repetitions of the story.[54]
  • Thirty-one people were killed in a fire at the Oscar restaurant on the Greek island of Rhodes, after a short circuit set fire to bamboo paneling. Most of the dead were Scandinavian tourists.[55]
  • Born: Karl Pilkington, British TV and radio personality, in Manchester

September 24, 1972 (Sunday)
  • Twelve children and 11 adults were killed when an F-86 fighter aircraft crashed into a Farrell's Ice Cream Parlour in Sacramento. The store, located across a highway from the edge of an airport runway, had at least 100 people inside at the time.[56]
  • Japan's Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka arrived in Beijing, where he was welcomed by China's Premier, Zhou Enlai.[57]

September 25, 1972 (Monday)
  • Voters in Norway decided whether to approve Norway's entry into the Common Market, voters rejected the Treaty of Accession. The final vote was 1,118,281 "Nei" and 971,687 "Ja". On November 28, 1994, voters rejected a second proposal to join the European Community.[58]
  • Died: Alejandra Pizarnik, 36, Argentine poet, killed herself with an overdose of the barbiturate Seconal

September 26, 1972 (Tuesday)
  • Following a 342–34 approval by the House of Representatives, the bill creating the WIC Program (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children) was signed into law by President Nixon.[59]
  • U.S. Patent No. 3,693,535 was granted for the first automatic drip coffee brewing machine for homes, marketed under the name "Mr. Coffee".[60] The machine went on sale as early as October 8 [61] with the suggested retail price of USD $49.95, roughly $292 in 2017 dollars.
  • North Vietnamese negotiator Le Duc Tho dropped demands that South Vietnam's President Nguyen Van Thieu be removed from office as a condition for ending the Vietnam War, a breakthrough in peace negotiations.[62]
  • The first exhibition game for the new World Hockey Association took place in Quebec City, between two of the four teams that would eventually be admitted to the National Hockey League. The New England Whalers beat the Quebec Nordiques, 4–1.[63]
  • Money, the monthly personal finance magazine published by Time Inc., was introduced on newsstands, with the first issue being dated for October 1972.[64]
  • Rebel forces crossed from North Yemen to attack South Yemen.[65]

Born: Beto O’Rourke (Robert Francis O'Rourke), United States Congressman for the 16th district in Texas (2013-2018) and presidential candidate; in El Paso

September 27, 1972 (Wednesday)
  • Canada banned the sale and use of firecrackers.[66]
  • In Fort Lauderdale, Susan Place, 17, and Georgia Jessup, 16, went with their friend, "Jerry Shepard", on a trip "to the beach to play the guitar". Their remains would be found seven months later as they became the first known victims of serial killer Gerard Schaefer. Schaefer had been dismissed from the office of the Martin County, Florida Sheriff's Department earlier in the year, and was awaiting trial after a failed kidnapping, on July 22, of two other teenage girls.[67]
  • Born: Gwyneth Paltrow, American actress, 1998 Oscar winner for Best Actress (Shakespeare in Love); in Los Angeles
  • Died:
    • S. R. Ranganathan, 81, pioneering Indian librarian
    • Rory Storm, 33, British musician, died of a combination of alcohol and sleeping pills

September 28, 1972 (Thursday)
  • With Paul Henderson scoring the winning goal past goalie Vladislav Tretiak, the Canadian national men's hockey team defeated the Soviet national ice hockey team in Game 8 of the 1972 Summit Series (La Série du Siècle), 6–5, to win the series 4–3–1.[68]
  • After 66 years, the United States Secretary of the Army cleared the records of the black soldiers involved in the Brownsville Affair. The 167 members of the 25th United States Regiment had been dishonorably discharged after being accused of complicity in the shooting of two white men in Brownsville, Texas.[69] Following the publication of John D. Weaver's book The Brownsville Raid, in 1970, the U.S. Army reopened the investigation of the incident and concluded that the men had been innocent.[70]

September 29, 1972 (Friday)
  • Vasil Mzhavanadze, the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Georgian SSR, and Soviet Georgia's de facto leader, was removed from his job by the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee. Mzhavadnadze retained his post as a full member of the Politburo, but was replaced as the Georgian leader by Eduard Shevardnadze.[71]
  • Under a Joint Communiqué of the Government of Japan and the Government of the People's Republic of China, Japan, normalized diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China after breaking official ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan). On August 12, 1978, the two nations would formally end their state of war with a peace treaty.
  • In a story headlined "Mitchell Controlled Secret GOP Fund", Washington Post investigative reporters Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward broke the story that "while serving as U.S. Attorney General, Mitchell personally controlled a secret Republican fund that was used to gather information about the Democrats, according to sources involved in the Watergate investigation."[72]
  • The eight member nations of the European Space Research Organization (ESRO) officially adopted the METEOSAT programme, providing for European launched meteorological satellites.[73]

September 30, 1972 (Saturday)
  • Roberto Clemente made his 3,000th hit, which would also prove to be his very last. Clemente would be killed in a plane crash at the end of the year.[74]
  • Dr. Irving Selikoff of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine addressed the annual National Cancer Conference in Los Angeles, and announced the increase in cases of mesothelioma among men who had been exposed to asbestos 30 years earlier during World War II.[75]
  • Malaysia-Singapore Airlines was cease operation, that spilit into Malaysia Airline System (now Malaysia Airlines) and Singapore Airlines on following day.
  • Born: Shaan (Shantanu Mukherjee), Indian singer, in Khandwa
gollark: I mean, for a CC Urn project, what are you meant to do? The stupid NPM approach, where your compiled code is in the repo? The Github Pages bodge approach, with your compiled stuff in a different branch? CI? Manually making release zips or something and publishing them somehow?
gollark: The compilation process doesn't exactly work.
gollark: It appears to be in another language.
gollark: >just want a thing which is not lua mostly
gollark: >a mod for that probably exists

References
  1. "Bobby Fischer Wins World Chess Crown", Oakland Tribune, September 1, 1972, p1
  2. Erik W. Austin and Jerome M. Clubb, Political Facts of the United States Since 1789 (Columbia University Press, 1986), p79
  3. William C. Davis, Warnings From the Far South: Democracy versus Dictatorship in Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile (Praeger 1995), p46
  4. "Club Fire Toll Now 36", Oakland Tribune, September 4, 1972, p1
  5. Bruce Weber, As They See 'em: A Fan's Travels in the Land of Umpires (Simon & Schuster, 2009), p31; "Close, But No Cigar For Pappas", San Antonio Express/News, September 3, 1972, pC-3
  6. Amos J. Peaslee and Dorothy Peaslee, International Governmental Organizations: Constitutional Documents (Nijhoff, 1974), p302
  7. Sorpong Peou, Intervention & Change in Cambodia: Towards Democracy? (St. Martin's Press, 2000), p53
  8. "Terror Grips the Olympic Games", Oakland Tribune, September 5, 1972, p1
  9. "Olympic Resume Under Pall Caused By 17 Deaths", Oakland Tribune, September 6, 1972, p1
  10. George Perkovich, India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on Global Proliferation (University of California Press, 1999), pp171–172
  11. "The Case of Ida Nudel", by Jerome E. Singer and Isaac Elkind, in Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 1979 (Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1979), p307
  12. "Syria, Lebanon Hit By Israeli Bombers", Oakland Tribune, September 8, 1972, p1
  13. James D. Borden and Roger W. Brucker, Beyond Mammoth Cave: A Tale of Obesession in the World's Longest Cave (Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), p4)
  14. "Foul claimed after U.S. hoop loss", Syracuse Herald-American, September 10, 1972, p71
  15. R. Frank Futrell, United States Air Force in Southeast Asia 1965–1973: Aces and Aerial Victories (Air University, Headquarters USAF), pp. 93–105
  16. "Shorter Gives U.S. Marathon Gold", Star-News (Pasadena, CA), September 11, 1972, p24
  17. "U.S. Veto Kills Slap At Israel", Oakland Tribune, September 11, 1972, p1
  18. "BART Trains Roll; 'Off to a Good Start'", Oakland Tribune, September 11, 1972, p1
  19. The Senate Watergate Report (1974), p214
  20. A. James Reichley, Conservatives in an Age of Change: The Nixon and Ford Administrations (Brookings Institution, 1981), p163
  21. "First cod war incident", Windsor (ON) Star, September 6, 1972, p52
  22. Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  23. Don Oberdorfer, The Two Koreas: A Contemporary History (Basic Books, 2001), p27
  24. "Ferry Capsizes, Children Perish", Salt Lake Tribune, September 14, 1972, pA-13
  25. "Mauritius", in Encyclopedia of African Airlines, by Ben R. Guttery (McFarland, 1998) pp124-125
  26. "Pope Bars Women in Ministry", Oakland Tribune, September 14, 1972, p1
  27. James E. Person, Jr., Earl Hamner: From Walton's Mountain to Tomorrow: A Biography (Cumberland House Publishing, 2005), p75
  28. Louis Liebovich, Richard Nixon, Watergate, and the Press: A Historical Retrospective (Praeger, 2003), p66
  29. Michael A. Genovese, The Watergate Crisis (Greenwood Press, 1999), p24; transcript
  30. "South Viets Recapture Quang Tri", Oakland Tribune, September 15, 1972, p1
  31. "More than 100 die in bridge collapse", Tucson Daily Citizen, September 18, 1972, p2
  32. James S. Olson, Historical Dictionary of the 1970s (Greenwood Press, 1999), p55
  33. Leonard Garment, In Search of Deep Throat: The Greatest Political Mystery of Our Time (Basic Books, 2001), p122
  34. David Scott Diffrient, M*A*S*H (Wayne State University Press, 2008), p43
  35. "3 Released POWs Await Trip Home", Oakland Tribune, September 18, 1972, p1
  36. "Invasion by Tanzania Claimed by Uganda", Salt Lake Tribune, September 18, 1972, p1
  37. Caroline Rose, Sino-Japanese Relations: Facing the Past, Looking to the Future? (Routledge, 2005), p49
  38. "Bombs Sent To Israelis' Envoy Killed", Oakland Tribune, September 19, 1972, p1
  39. "A's Use 30 Players but Sox Win in 15th", Decatur (IL) Herald, September 21, 1972, p23
  40. Boxscore of game, baseball-reference.com
  41. J.A.S. Grenville and Bernard Wasserstein, The Major International Treaties of the Twentieth Century: A History and Guide With Texts, Volume 2 (Taylor & Francis, 2001)
  42. Peter Heller, "In this corner ...!": Forty-two World Champions Tell Their Stories (Da Capo Press, 1994), p338
  43. "Richard Oakes Slain In Coast Shooting", Santa Rosa (CA) Press Democrat, September 21, 1972, p1
  44. "Indian Leader Oakes, YMCA Man in Dispute", Santa Rosa (CA) Press Democrat, September 15, 1972, p6
  45. Full Text – Proclamation 1081
  46. Strike Out wins Little Brown Jug
  47. A.B.K. Kasozi, The Social Origins of Violence in Uganda, 1964–1985 (McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994), p114
  48. "FDA Bans Danger Drug HCP", Oakland Tribune, September 22, 1972, p1
  49. Donald P. Kommers, The Constitutional Jurisprudence of the Federal Republic of Germany (Duke University Press, 1997) p118
  50. "U.S. Asks 'Paper Gold' for World", Oakland Tribune, September 26, 1972, p1
  51. Vincent M. Mallozzi, Doc: The Rise and Rise of Julius Erving (Wiley, 2009) pp80–81
  52. Jerome Pohlen, Oddball Texas: A Guide to Some Really Strange Places (Chicago Review Press, 2006), p. 56
  53. "Youth is Hit By Lightning", The Spokesman Review (Spokane, WA), September 25, 1972, p1
  54. For example, The Gardner's Almanac (High Tide Press, 1997), which says that a man "was blown to smithereens"
  55. "Fire Rips Restaurant; 31 Killed" Nevada State Journal (Reno, NV), September 25, 1972, p1
  56. "22 Die as Jet Crashes Into Ice Cream Parlor", Star-News (Pasadena, CA), September 25, 1972, p1; "Crash at Farrell's". Retrieved 2008-03-16.
  57. "Japan, China OK Peace Pact", Oakland Tribune, September 28, 1972, p1
  58. Alyson J.K. Bailes, et al., eds., The Nordic Countries and the European Security and Defence Policy (Oxford University Press, 2006), p101
  59. Steven G. Livingston, Student's Guide to Landmark Congressional Laws on Social Security and Welfare (Greenwood Press, 2002), p183
  60. "When Mr. Coffee Was the Must Have Christmas Gift for Java Snobs", by Jeff Koehler, NPR's The Salt: What's on Your Plate, December 16, 2016
  61. advertisement, Daily Press (Newport News VA), October 8, 1972, p5
  62. Timothy J. Lomperis, From People's War to People's Rule: Insurgency, Intervention, and the Lessons of Vietnam (University of North Carolina Press, 1996), p107
  63. "Quebec Wins", Winnipeg Free Press, September 27, 1972, p63
  64. "Time Inc. to Print 'Money'" Bryan (Texas) Times, September 27, 1972, p3
  65. F. Gregory Gause, Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence (Columbia University Press, 1990), p98
  66. Mark Kearney and Randy Ray, The Great Canadian Book of Lists: Greatest, Sexiest, Strangest, Best, Worst, Highest, Lowest, Largest (Hounslow Press, 1999), p107
  67. Yvonne Mason, Silent Scream (Lulu.com, 2008), pp42–45
  68. Michael Nolan, CTV: The Network That Means Business (University of Alberta Press, 2001), p183
  69. Jeffrey B. Perry, Hubert Harrison: The Voice of Harlem Radicalism, 1883–1918 (Columbia University Press, 2009), p101
  70. "A Step Back For Blacks", TIME Magazine, July 3, 2006
  71. Ronald Grigor Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation, 2d. Ed. (Indiana University Press, 1994), p306
  72. Washington Post website
  73. EUMETSAT Archived 2009-10-09 at the Wayback Machine
  74. mlb.com biography
  75. "Shipworkers Hit By 30-Year-Old Health 'Bomb'", Oakland Tribune, September 30, 1972, p1
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