SS American Victory

SS American Victory is a Victory ship which saw brief service in the Pacific Theater of Operations during the waning months of World War II, Korean War from 1951–1954, and Vietnam War from 1967–1969. Built in June 1945, she carried ammunition and other cargo from U.S. West Coast ports to Southeast Asia, then ferried cargo, equipment and troops back to the U.S. after the war ended. She survived two typhoons and one hurricane. She sailed around the world twice.[2]

SS American Victory
SS American Victory
History
United States
Namesake: American University
Builder: California Shipbuilding Yard, Los Angeles, California
Yard number: 272
Laid down: 30 March 1945
Launched: 24 May 1945
Acquired: 20 June 1945
In service: 1945
Out of service: 1969 (Final)
Identification: IMO number: 5014680
Status: Museum Ship, Tampa, Florida
Notes: Ship radio callsign: KKUI
General characteristics
Class and type: VC2-S-AP2 Victory Ship
Tonnage: 10,750 long tons deadweight (DWT)
Length: 455 ft (139 m)
Beam: 62 ft (19 m)
Draft: 28 ft 6 in (8.69 m)
Propulsion:
Speed: 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h; 20.1 mph)
Range: 23,500 mi (20,400 nmi; 37,800 km)
Capacity: 500,000 cu ft (14,000 m3) (approximate)
Complement: 62 United States Merchant Marine and United States Navy Armed Guard
Sensors and
processing systems:		 Modern Surface Search Radar, fitted in 1980's
Armament:
Aircraft carried: none
Aviation facilities: none
Location705 Channelside Dr, Berth 271, Tampa, Florida
Coordinates27°56′38″N 82°26′39″W
Arealess than one acre
Built1945, in just 55 days
Built byCalifornia Shipbuilding Corporation, Terminal Island, Los Angeles, CA
NRHP reference No.01001533[1]
Added to NRHP4 February 2002

American Victory spent half of the period between 1946 and 1966 chartered to commercial carriers and the other half in two stints in U.S. reserve fleets. From 1966 to 1969 she delivered cargo to Southeast Asia in the Vietnam War, then three decades again in reserve.

In April 1999, she was turned over to a preservation organization to serve as a museum ship.[2] Today she is the main feature of the American Victory Ship & Museum, also known as the American Victory Mariners Memorial & Museum Ship in Tampa, Florida's, Channel District.

History

World War II era

Named after the American University in Washington, D.C., the ship was built at the California Shipbuilding Yard (Calship) in Los Angeles, California in just 55 days and was delivered to the War Shipping Administration (WSA) on 20 June 1945.[3][4] American Victory, a United States Merchant Marine ship, was operated for WSA under a general agency agreement by Hammond Shipping Company, Ltd.[4] She loaded Army cargo at Fort Mason then took on cargo at Los Angeles and other west coast ports before steaming to Manila in the Philippines. Manila had been liberated on 3 March 1945, and was in need of supplies. She took her remaining cargo to Shanghai, China.

In November 1945, American Victory sailed to Calcutta and Port Said, Egypt, and loaded military cargo to be returned to the USA. She arrived in New York in January 1946, and unloaded her cargo, having completed her around the world trip. At the end of the war she ferried more cargo, equipment and troops stateside.[2][3]

Post-World War II

From 29 June 1946 until November 1947, American Victory was bareboat chartered by American Export Lines.[4] The ship was engaged in carrying foodstuffs and machinery exported from the United States to Europe, Russia, and the Near East under the Marshall Plan, the Post-War reconstruction of the European Continent. Some of her Ports of call were: Trieste, in Italy, Constanza, in Romania, Piraeus, in Greece, and Antwerp, in Belgium. Departing Odessa, Ukraine, to Boston, in January 1947, the Black Sea had already iced up, not waiting for the Soviet icebreaker Turgenev to clear the ice, Captain, A. D. Cushman, knowing American Victory decided to use her as an icebreaker, backing up and ramming the ice so both her and other ships could depart the Black Sea. She was then laid up in the Hudson River Reserve Fleet until she was again chartered by commercial shipping lines, U.S. Navigation Company, during the Korean War, from 1951 until January 1954, when she entered the Sabine River Reserve Fleet in Texas.[5]

In 1963, plans were made to convert American Victory and 14 other ships in her class to "forward depot" vessels, to be loaded with materiel and stationed near potential flashpoints to provide American forces with pre-positioned supplies. This scheme was cancelled in February 1966, after only three conversions had been carried out. Had American Victory been converted, she would have been renamed USNS Carthage and assigned pennant AG 185.

American Victory was removed from the reserve fleet in 1966, and chartered to the Hudson Waterways Corporation who used her to ferry military equipment to American forces in South Vietnam. She was deactivated again in October 1969, and placed in the James River Reserve Fleet in Lees Hall, Virginia, where she remained until 1985. American Victory was then renovated as part of a program to determine the efforts needed to reactivate mothballed Victory ships. In June, after US$2.5 million had been spent to bring her up to fully operational condition, she sailed for just 26 hours before returning to the Naval Reserve Fleet.[5][6][7]

Today
Name plaque
SS American Victory
Engine room

One of several World War II Victory ships due to be scrapped in the late 1990s, American Victory was rescued by preservation efforts which began in October 1998. She arrived at Tampa, Florida, under tow to begin her new life as a museum ship and memorial on 16 September 1999.

Following extensive overhaul with the ship brought to Fully Operational status in 2003, she is now on display and included on the National Register of Historic Places. Guided and self-guided tours of the ship are available, though some areas are off-limits for tours, such as the lower areas of the engine room (but visible from a catwalk), and the wheelhouse of the command bridge, as well as the cargo hold next to the receptionist desk. Photos of her drydock restoration are hanging in the mess hall. Several rooms, such as the captain's quarters and galley cold storage, have been restored and are decorated in original period memorabilia.[8]

American Victory has been upgraded with modern VHF radio and radar (visible on the command deck). More modern electronics have been added to the electricians' quarters and radio room, Victory is generally in her historic form, her 3-inch (76 mm) bow mounted deck gun is still in place as well as the 5-inch (130 mm) stern gun and another 3-inch gun next to it.

American Victory is a fully operational, seaworthy vessel which usually carries out two cruises a year, however, none were scheduled for 2015 due to costs. On 10 June 2015, the U.S. Coast Guard performed a safety inspection of the ship.

Docked to starboard

In addition to her floating museum role, American Victory still sails for "Living History Day Cruises".[5]

Of the 534 Victory ships completed, only three remain working: American Victory at Tampa, SS Lane Victory at Los Angeles, and SS Red Oak Victory at Richmond, California. Until November 2012, a fourth, USNS Range Sentinel, originally USS Sherburne, was in storage, but she was sold for scrapping.[9]

The ship is also used as an operating base for a local United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps unit.

Exhibits

The ship has many notable exhibits in the No.3 cargo hold, which was converted to a museum exhibit area and receptionist desk. It includes an original submarine propeller from the German submarine U-352, sunk in May 1942, by the U.S. Coast Guard cutter USCGC Icarus, and recovered in 1979. It includes photos of the shipwreck, a mannequin of a Kriegsmarine sailor in uniform, and a diagram of German submarine U-505. She also has numerous ship models, including a Clemson-class destroyer, a Fletcher-class destroyer, a German Type XXI U-boat, and SS United States.

There are also numerous vintage Merchant Marine recruiting posters, and a collection of Victory and Liberty ship's plaques, all of them sunk or scrapped. They date from 1844 to 1956. There is also a mock-up of the ships wheelhouse, and a lifeboat and Maritime Signal Flag exhibit.

Ship awards
  • Victory Medal
  • Pacific War Zone Bar
  • Philippine Liberation Ribbon
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See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 9 July 2010.
  2. "SS American Victory". Historic Naval Ships Association. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  3. www.americanvictory.org History
  4. Maritime Administration. "American Victory". Ship History Database Vessel Status Card. U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  5. "S.S. American Victory". Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  6. Ship's Story: The History of the American Victory - 1950's
  7. Ship's Story: The History of the American Victory - 1960's
  8. "Salute to Veterans Cruise set aboard SS American Victory". Tampa Newspapers. TBNWeekly.com. 4 November 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
  9. "National Defense Reserve Fleet Inventory" (PDF). United States Maritime Administration. 30 June 2012. Retrieved 16 December 2012.
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