POLRMT

DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLRMT gene.[5][6]

POLRMT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 3SPA, 4BOC
Identifiers
Aliases	POLRMT, APOLMT, MTRNAP, MTRPOL, h-mtRPOL, polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial, RNA polymerase mitochondrial
External IDs	OMIM: 601778 MGI: 1915843 HomoloGene: 37996 GeneCards: POLRMT
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 19 (human)[1] Band 19p13.3 Start 617,221 bp[1] End 633,537 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 10 (mouse)[2] Band 10|10 C1 Start 79,736,123 bp[2] End 79,746,581 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function • DNA-directed 5'-3' RNA polymerase activity • transferase activity • DNA binding • nucleotidyltransferase activity • GO:0001948 protein binding • RNA binding • GO:0070361, GO:0070364, GO:0070363, GO:0070362 mitochondrial promoter sequence-specific DNA binding • sequence-specific DNA binding Cellular component • mitochondrial matrix • mitochondrial nucleoid • mitochondrion • mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase complex • macromolecular complex Biological process • transcription from mitochondrial promoter • transcription initiation from mitochondrial promoter • mitochondrion organization • transcription, DNA-templated Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	5442	216151
Ensembl	ENSG00000099821	ENSMUSG00000020329
UniProt	O00411	Q8BKF1
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_005035	NM_172551
RefSeq (protein)	NP_005026	NP_766139
Location (UCSC)	Chr 19: 0.62 – 0.63 Mb	Chr 10: 79.74 – 79.75 Mb
PubMed search	[3]	[4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

This gene encodes a mitochondrial DNA-directed RNA polymerase. The gene product is responsible for mitochondrial gene expression as well as for providing RNA primers for initiation of replication of the mitochondrial genome. Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage (including T7 RNA polymerase), mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes as well as chloroplastic RpoT polymerases.[6]

Structure

The structure of the enzyme has been solved. It exhibits an overall structure similar to that of phage RNAP, but the initiation mechanism is different in that it requires initiation factors TFAM (only in mammals) and TFB2M.[7] Elongation requires the elongation factor TEFM.[8] The exact termination process is less understood, but MTERF1 is thought to play a role.[9]

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000099821 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020329 - Ensembl, May 2017
3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
5. Tiranti V, Savoia A, Forti F, D'Apolito MF, Centra M, Rocchi M, Zeviani M (Jul 1997). "Identification of the gene encoding the human mitochondrial RNA polymerase (h-mtRPOL) by cyberscreening of the Expressed Sequence Tags database". Hum Mol Genet. 6 (4): 615–25. doi:10.1093/hmg/6.4.615. PMID 9097968.
6. "Entrez Gene: POLRMT polymerase (RNA) mitochondrial (DNA directed)".
7. Hillen, HS; Morozov, YI; Sarfallah, A; Temiakov, D; Cramer, P (16 November 2017). "Structural Basis of Mitochondrial Transcription Initiation". Cell. 171 (5): 1072–1081.e10. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.10.036. PMC 6590061. PMID 29149603.
8. Hillen, Hauke S.; Parshin, Andrey V.; Agaronyan, Karen; Morozov, Yaroslav I.; Graber, James J.; Chernev, Aleksandar; Schwinghammer, Kathrin; Urlaub, Henning; Anikin, Michael; Cramer, Patrick; Temiakov, Dmitry (November 2017). "Mechanism of Transcription Anti-termination in Human Mitochondria". Cell. 171 (5): 1082–1093.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.035. PMC 5798601. PMID 29033127.
9. D'Souza, AR; Minczuk, M (20 July 2018). "Mitochondrial transcription and translation: overview". Essays in Biochemistry. 62 (3): 309–320. doi:10.1042/EBC20170102. PMC 6056719. PMID 30030363.

Further reading

• Maruyama K, Sugano S (1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–4. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, et al. (1997). "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene. 200 (1–2): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149.
• Falkenberg M, Gaspari M, Rantanen A, et al. (2002). "Mitochondrial transcription factors B1 and B2 activate transcription of human mtDNA". Nat. Genet. 31 (3): 289–94. doi:10.1038/ng909. PMID 12068295.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• McCulloch V, Shadel GS (2003). "Human mitochondrial transcription factor B1 interacts with the C-terminal activation region of h-mtTFA and stimulates transcription independently of its RNA methyltransferase activity". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (16): 5816–24. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.16.5816-5824.2003. PMC 166325. PMID 12897151.
• Grimwood J, Gordon LA, Olsen A, et al. (2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature. 428 (6982): 529–35. Bibcode:2004Natur.428..529G. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID 15057824.
• Graziewicz MA, Longley MJ, Bienstock RJ, et al. (2004). "Structure-function defects of human mitochondrial DNA polymerase in autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11 (8): 770–6. doi:10.1038/nsmb805. PMID 15258572.
• Gaspari M, Falkenberg M, Larsson NG, Gustafsson CM (2005). "The mitochondrial RNA polymerase contributes critically to promoter specificity in mammalian cells". EMBO J. 23 (23): 4606–14. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7600465. PMC 533051. PMID 15526033.
• Kravchenko JE, Rogozin IB, Koonin EV, Chumakov PM (2005). "Transcription of mammalian messenger RNAs by a nuclear RNA polymerase of mitochondrial origin". Nature. 436 (7051): 735–9. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..735K. doi:10.1038/nature03848. PMC 1352165. PMID 16079853.
• Wang Z, Cotney J, Shadel GS (2007). "Human mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL12 interacts directly with mitochondrial RNA polymerase to modulate mitochondrial gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 282 (17): 12610–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M700461200. PMC 2606046. PMID 17337445.

External links

• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: O00411 (Human DNA-directed RNA polymerase, mitochondrial (POLRMT)) at the PDBe-KB.