Muret

Muret (French pronunciation: ​[my.ʁɛ]; in Gascon Occitan Murèth) is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department, of which it is a subprefecture, in the Occitanie region of southwestern France. Its inhabitants are called Muretains.

Muret
Subprefecture and commune
The centre of Muret with Saint Jacques Church and its octagonal medieval tower
Coat of arms
Location of Muret
Muret
Muret
Coordinates: 43°27′40″N 1°19′36″E
CountryFrance
RegionOccitanie
DepartmentHaute-Garonne
ArrondissementMuret
CantonMuret
IntercommunalityMuretain
Government
 • Mayor (2020–2026) André Mandement
Area
1
57.84 km2 (22.33 sq mi)
Population
 (2017-01-01)[1]
24,945
 • Density430/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
31395 /31600
Elevation152–305 m (499–1,001 ft)
(avg. 169 m or 554 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

It is an outer suburb of the city of Toulouse, even though it does not belong to Toulouse Métropole, which it has declined to join. It lies southwest of Toulouse and is the largest component of the intercommunality of Muretain.

Muret is generally known for the Battle of Muret (1213) and as the birthplace of Clément Ader (1841-1925), inventor and aviation pioneer. It is also the birthplace of the Niel family from which Adolphe Niel, Marshal of France and Minister of War, was derived.

Geography

A floral town (two flowers) located in the urban area of Toulouse and the Toulouse urban unit, 22 kilometres (14 mi) south of Toulouse. It is equidistant from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, on the Garonne Toulouse plain.

Localities and hamlets

Ox, Estantens, Cupidou.

Communal borders

Geology and relief

The commune is established on the first terrace of the Garonne on its left bank. Its right bank is overhung by a steep slope which deeply cut the molasse of the Tertiary era. It has an area of 5,784 hectares (14,290 acres) and an altitude ranging from 152 to 305 metres (499 to 1,001 ft).[2]

Transport
  • By road: By the Route Nationale 117 and the A64 autoroute (old Route Nationale 125), exits  35 ,  34 ,  33 .
  • By rail: By the SNCF, Gare de Muret TER Midi-Pyrénées on the Toulouse - Bayonne line (Line D of the Toulouse transit network).
  • By bus: By the Arc-en-ciel de Haute-Garonne network, Toulouse transit network Tisséo and the TAMtam network.
  • Several Tisséo bus routes connect the commune to the Toulouse Metro, including:
  • 58 bus route from Basso Cambo to the lycée Pierre-d'Aragon passing through the centre of the commune.
  • 117 bus route from Potier-Oncopole to Muret railway station.

Hydrography

Muret is located on the Garonne river at its confluence with the Louge, which flows northeast through the commune. The Garonne flows north through the commune and forms part of its northern border. The Ousseau tributary of the Touch is also in the commune, and the Canal de Saint-Martory.

Climate

Muret has an oceanic temperate climate, with Mediterranean and continental influences, characterised by a hot, dry summer, mild winter and a spring marked by heavy rains and severe thunderstorms. The prevailing winds are, in order of importance, the west wind (usually bringing moisture from the Atlantic Ocean), the southeast wind (also called the Vent d'autan, a rather hot, dry wind) and the north, which is much less frequent and generally a cold and dry wind (bringing air from cold anticyclonic masses in Northern Europe).[3]

Comparative table of climatic data
LocationSunshineRainSnowStormFog
Nice2694 hrs/yr767 millimetres (30.2 in)/yr1 day/yr31 days/yr1 day/yr
Toulouse2047 hrs/yr655 millimetres (25.8 in)/yr7 days/yr26 days/yr44 days/yr
Paris1797 hrs/yr642 millimetres (25.3 in)/yr15 days/yr19 days/yr13 days/yr
Strasbourg1637 hrs/yr610 millimetres (24 in)/yr30 days/yr29 days/yr65 days/yr
National Average1973 hrs/yr770 millimetres (30 in)/yr14 days/yr22 days/yr40 days/yr

Muret has averaged 24 days of extreme heat and 33 days of frost per year. The rainiest months are April, May and June. The normal minimum temperatures occur in January with average 5 °C (41 °F), and the maximum normal temperatures in August with 23 °C (73 °F).

Temperatures recorded in Toulouse
Month J F M A M J J A S O N D Year
Temperatures (Under shade, normal 1961-1990) °C 5.4 6.8 8.7 11.3 14.8 18.4 21.3 20.8 18.5 14.4 8.9 5.9 12.9
Precipitation (average depth in mm, 1961-1990) 55.1 55.2 57.5 64.4 73.1 57.8 41 47.4 47.7 51.5 48.8 55.9 655.7
Source: Météo France

History

Prehistory and antiquity

Various discoveries by local archaeologists has led to the thinking that the territory of Muret was populated as early as the Neolithic period: A hut foundation dating from 4000 BC has been unearthed to the north of the town. Different objects in the Chalcolithic, around 3,000 to 2,500 BC; then the Bronze Age from 1,700 BC indicate the permanence of the population here. A series of Gallo-Roman brick kilns dating back to the 1st century AD is located along the right bank of the Garonne. A villa occupied the site of the current town centre; surrounded by protective walls it was given the name of Murellum, which became Murel, and then Muret in the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages
Main article: Battle of Muret

On 12 September 1213 the Battle of Muret took place between Simon de Montfort and a coalition force under the control of Count Raymond of Toulouse, and King Peter II of Aragon. Muret entered history. That day, the battle changed the horizons of both sides of the Pyrenean border and saw the fate of Occitania decided. In an era where feudal entities (including the Count of Toulouse and his allies) still believed that they were able to play a role in the control of the southern areas on both slopes of the Pyrenees, the lords of the north of France, who spearheaded the Albigensian Crusade, attempted to impose themselves upon the south and eliminate Catharism.

De Montfort had been fighting Albigensian heretics during the Albigensian Crusade, when he was besieged by the vastly superior coalition army. Refusing to surrender or be starved into submission, de Montfort went on the offensive. Leading his knights out of the town, he proceeded to position them in a wide arc, then fell upon the Toulouse cavalry with a noise like a whole forest going down under the axe. Next to fall before the Crusader army was the Aragonian cavalry, where King Peter himself fell to the sword. After this, all that was left was to scatter the remaining cavalry defending the coalition camp before turning on the infantry that had been besieging Muret's walls. Despite their overwhelming advantage in numbers,the coalition army numbering almost 34,000 men was destroyed by de Montfort's army of only 2,100. The siege of Muret was lifted.

7,000-20,000 coalition troops were killed compared to a handful of casualties for de Monfort's army.

So it was at Muret, on 12 September 1213, where King Peter II of Aragon who came to reinforce the local Occitan forces, lost his life. This defeat of the Occitano-Aragonese troops heralded the annexation of the Languedoc to the Crown of France and the end of Catharism.

World War II
Main article: Maquis de Rieumes

Heraldry
Arms of Muret
 The arms of Muret are blazoned :
"Quartered: On the first and fourth of argent to two crenellated fesses azure, the second and third gules to the four otelles of argent backed and posed in saltire", which is of Comminges.

Politics and administration
The modern town hall of Muret

The commune is part of the Sixth district of the Haute-Garonne.

List of mayors
List of mayors of Muret
Start End Name Party Other details
1925 1947 Vincent Auriol SFIO Deputy, President of France from 1947 to 1954
1947 1953 Henri Peyrusse SFIO
1953 1989 Jacques Douzans DVD Deputy
1989 1995 Hélène Mignon PS Deputy
1995 2008 Alain Barrès UMP Former deputy, president of the CAM
2008 In progress André Mandement PS President of the CAM

Judicial and administrative proceedings

The capable courts for the commune of Muret are the Court of Muret, the High Court of Toulouse, the Court of Appeal, the Cour d'appel de Toulouse, Toulouse juvenile court, the Industrial Tribunal of Toulouse, the Commercial Court of Toulouse, the Administrative Court of Toulouse and the Administrative Court of Appeal of Bordeaux.[4]

International relations

Muret is twinned with:

Demography

In 2012, the commune had 24,492 inhabitants. The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses carried out in the town since 1793. From the 21st century, the communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants have a census take place every year as a result of a sample survey, unlike the other communes which have a real census every five years.[note 1][note 2]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17933,000—    
18003,258+8.6%
18063,284+0.8%
18213,286+0.1%
18313,787+15.2%
18363,972+4.9%
18414,000+0.7%
18464,308+7.7%
18514,196−2.6%
18564,125−1.7%
YearPop.±%
18614,130+0.1%
18664,050−1.9%
18723,852−4.9%
18763,956+2.7%
18814,056+2.5%
18864,145+2.2%
18914,142−0.1%
18964,064−1.9%
19013,911−3.8%
19063,712−5.1%
YearPop.±%
19113,654−1.6%
19213,218−11.9%
19263,482+8.2%
19313,725+7.0%
19364,013+7.7%
19464,368+8.8%
19545,204+19.1%
19626,693+28.6%
196813,039+94.8%
197514,778+13.3%
YearPop.±%
198215,844+7.2%
199018,134+14.5%
199920,735+14.3%
200623,622+13.9%
200823,297−1.4%
201124,085+3.4%
201224,492+1.7%
From 1962 to 1999: Population without double counting; for the years following: municipal population.
Source: Ldh/EHESS/Cassini until 1999[5] then INSEE from 2004[6]

Economy

Muret is a true centrality in the area of life and activity of the Muretain, near Toulouse. Its stable economic fabric is composed primarily of small and medium-sized enterprises and industries, covering many sectors of activities. The economic development jurisdiction is exercised by the Agglomération Community of Muretain, which develops and consolidates the local economic fabric, and helps the creation of enterprises for the benefit of employment.

Muret has important reserves mainly located on the areas of activities of the territory.

Muret Gateway: 20 hectares (49 acres) located north of the town, at the junction of the A64 exit.

  • Cap Clément Ader / Les Bonnets: Adjacent to the Muret-Lherm airport, with in its centre, the international karting.
  • Joffrery: 97 hectares (240 acres) at the northern entrance of Muret.
  • Marclan: 35 hectares (86 acres) north of the town.
  • Sans Soucis: 16 hectares (40 acres) at the northern boundary of the town.

Industry

Services
  • 3rd Regiment of equipment: French Regiment of equipment
  • Muret detention centre, specialised in long sentences. Bertrand Cantat, was held in this centre from 28 September 2004[7] to 15 October 2007[7] for the killing of his girlfriend, the actress Marie Trintignant.[7]

Infrastructure

Personalities linked to the commune
  • Adolphe Niel (1802-1869), Marshal of France (1859) and Minister of War underNapoleon III
  • Léopold Niel (1846-1918), son of the Marshal, general of brigade (1897), was buried at Muret as his parents and his cousins, the Niels of Brioudes.
  • Charles Niel

Monuments and tourist sights

Historic monuments
  • The Church of Santiago de Muret, main monument of the town: It was built in the 12th century through the Counts of Comminges who made wall their principal residence. It is redesigned and enlarged in the 14th and 15th centuries. Particularly noteworthy is its octagonal steeple of Toulouse type. It is classified as early as 1928. In 1538 - 1548, a large vaulted choir was added at the end of the panelled Gothic nave. Its decor is restored after the depredations of the Revolution, under the first Empire, in a neo-classical style and side chapels were built.
  • House of 1823, 30 Rue Clément-Ader
  • Clément Ader Park
  • The Château de Cadeilhac
  • The Château de Rudelle is a 16th and 17th century castle. Privately owned, it is inscribed on the list of historic monuments, listed as an historic site by the French Ministry of Culture.[8][9]

The list of historic monuments of Haute-Garonne, organised by commune.

  • The Church of Saint-Jacques: Nave and choir
  • The Church of Saint-Jacques: Organ
  • The Church of Saint-Jacques: Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes

Other monuments and sites
  • Domain of Brioudes
  • Statue of Marshal Niel
  • Chapel of Saint-Amans of Estantens
  • Château de Montégut-Ségla where Jeanne de Montégut-Ségla lived
  • Jean Jaurès Park
  • Clement Ader Park
  • The south side of the Chapel of Saint-Amans of Estantens

Local life

Public service

Muret has a subprefecture, departmental fire and rescue service, a gendarmerie, a post office, tax office, a retirement home, a DDE centre assigned to the A64 autoroute and a tourist office.

Health

The commune has a hospital[10] (geriatrics, disabled), a versatile clinic with (MRI and medical radiology), a communal social action centre, a retirement home, a day hospital, laboratories for medical analyses, ambulance services, nurses, midwives, general practitioners, rehabilitation professionals, pedicurists-podiatrists and dentists.

Education

Education is provided at the commune of Muret's creche, passing through nursery school, elementary school and collège until the lycée high school and technical school all being complemented by the municipal library and outdoor centre. The city is also home to a branch of the National School of civil aviation.

Culture

Muret has multiple cultural facilities, including:

  • François Mitterrand Media Library[11]
  • Clément-Ader Museum[12]
  • Cinema[13]
  • The Nicolas-Daylarac municipal school of art teaching[14]

Sports

Muret offers more than 100 sport and leisure events per year. Its facilities are many and varied: Gymnasiums, tennis courts, recreation area with a fitness trail, two landscaped lakes, international karting, an aerodrome, a canoeing facility, three bowling facilities, a skate park, two shooting ranges, a velodrome, a riding club and the Aqualudia, the Muretain swimming centre with its six indoor and outdoor pools.

Muret has more than 50 sporting associations, including:[15]

Muret will also host the departure for Stage 13 of cycling's 2015 Tour de France on 17 July, with a 198.5 kilometres (123.3 mi) route to Rodez.

Worship

Catholic

The town is part of the pastoral sector of Muret, which includes the parishes of Saint-Jacques, Saint-Jean, and the parishes of the villages: Estantens, Ox, Le Fauga, Eaunes and Saint-Hilaire. Father Joseph Coltro is the senior priest of this pastoral area.[16]

Protestant

The cultural association of the Evangelical Church in Muret[17] occupies premises located at 12 Chemin de la Pyramide, inaugurated in November 2012[18] after a year of work.[19] The pastor is Bernard Gisquet.[20]

Muslim

The Association of Franco-Muslim culture and worship of Muret (AFMCCM)[21] acquired the premises of a former locksmith,[22] Rue Marclan, in an industrial area north of Muret, in 2000, for the founding of the mosque of Muret.

Ecology and recycling

Collection and treatment of household waste and assimilated waste as well as protection and the development of the environment are part of the agglomeration community of the Muretain.[23]

There is a recycling centre in the commune.

gollark: Unless it's an uninteresting thing.
gollark: Time to USELESSLY COMMENT ON A PR!
gollark: I use pastebin and ***EXTREME PROGRAMMING*** techniques.
gollark: Fricking heck, you hecking fricker.
gollark: For a long time potatOS didn't even show overlayed files in `ls`.

See also

Notes
  1. At the beginning of the 21st century, the terms of census have been amended by Act No. 2002-276 of 27 February 2002, called "grassroots democracy law" on the democracy of proximity and in particular Title V "of census operations", in order, after a power transition period from 2004 to 2008, the annual publication of the legal population of the different French administrative districts. For municipalities with populations greater than 10,000 inhabitants, a sample survey is carried out annually, the entire territory of these municipalities is included at the end of the same period of five years. The first post-legal population from 1999, and fitting in the new system which came into force on 1 January 2009, is the census of 2006.
  2. In the census table, by Wikipedia convention, the principle was retained for subsequent legal populations since 1999 not to display the census populations in the table corresponding to the year 2006, the first published legal population calculated according to the concepts defined in Decree No. 2003-485 of 5 June 2003, and the years corresponding to an exhaustive census survey for municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, and the years 2006, 2011, 2016, etc. For municipalities with more than 10,000, the latest legal population is published by INSEE for all municipalities.

References
  1. "Populations légales 2017". INSEE. Retrieved 6 January 2020.
  2. "Répertoire géographique des communes". Archived from the original on 2015-01-08. Retrieved 2015-05-14., published by the Institut national de l'information géographique et forestière
  3. "CAPITOUL, Météorologie de Toulouse". Météo France.
  4. "Liste des juridictions compétentes pour une commune". le site du ministère de la Justice et des libertés.
  5. "Muret" [Muret] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  6. "31395-Muret 2006" [31395-Muret 2006] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015., "31395-Muret 2011" [31395-Muret 2011] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015. and "31395-Muret 2012" [31395-Muret 2012] (in French). Retrieved 15 May 2015.
  7. "Chronologie de l'affaire Bertrand Cantat". Nouvel Observateur. Archived from the original on 2009-10-02.
  8. "Monuments historiques". www.culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 17 March 2008.
  9. "Patrimoine et architecture - Chiffres clés 2010" (PDF). Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication.
  10. "Centre Hospitalier de Muret".
  11. "Médiathèque François Mitterrand". Archived from the original on 2014-11-09. Retrieved 2015-05-15.
  12. "Musée Clément Ader". Archived from the original on 2015-04-28. Retrieved 2015-05-15.
  13. "Cinéma".
  14. "L'école municipale d'enseignement artistique Nicolas-Daylarac".
  15. "plus de 50 associations sportives".
  16. "Secteur pastoral de Muret sur le site officiel du diocèse de Toulouse". Archived from the original on 2010-12-18.
  17. "Site officiel de l'association". Archived from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  18. "Muret. "Happy day" au temple protestant".
  19. "Muret. Un temple de culte chemin de la Pyramide".
  20. "MEMBRES DU POLE".
  21. "AFMCCM".
  22. "La mosquée de Muret, de la serrurerie à la maison de Dieu".
  23. "Les déchetteries".
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