Monroe County, Florida

Monroe County is a county in the state of Florida. As of the 2010 census, the population was 73,090.[1] Its county seat is Key West.[2] Monroe County includes the islands of the Florida Keys and comprises the Key West Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Monroe County
County
County of Monroe
The Monroe County Courthouse in Key West
Flag
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Florida
Florida's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 25°07′N 81°09′W
Country United States
State Florida
FoundedJuly 3, 1823
Named forJames Monroe
SeatKey West
Largest cityKey West
Area
 • Total3,738 sq mi (9,680 km2)
 • Land983 sq mi (2,550 km2)
 • Water2,754 sq mi (7,130 km2)  73.7%%
Population
 • Estimate 
(2019)
74,228
 • Density74/sq mi (29/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district26th
Websitewww.monroecounty-fl.gov

Although 87% of the county's land area is on the mainland, that region is part of the Everglades and is virtually uninhabited, with only 17 people in total.[3] Over 99% of the county's population lives on the Florida Keys.

History

Monroe County was created in 1823. It was named for James Monroe, the fifth President of the United States, who served from 1817 to 1825.[4]

The Monroe County Public Library was South Florida's first public library.[5][6][7] By September 1892, the new library was established.[5][6][7][7] The original Key West library had 1,200 volumes, and it was funded by the dues and fees of its members.[7]

The Key West Library Association rescinded its charge of the library in 1896, and the library was run by various civic groups for the next nineteen years.[6] In 1915, the Key West Women's Association took charge of the library. This club ran the library for 44 years. Through fundraising activities, this group was able save enough money to build a new library that opened in November 1959.[6] The new library was the official Monroe County Public Library, and it serves as the Key West branch of the Monroe County Public Library.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,738 square miles (9,680 km2), of which 983 square miles (2,550 km2) (26.3%) is land and 2,754 square miles (7,130 km2) (73.7%) is water.[8] It is the largest county in Florida by total area.

More than 99 percent of the Monroe County population lives in the island chain known as the Florida Keys.

Two thirds of the large area in what local residents call "mainland Monroe" is uninhabited by virtue of being part of the Everglades National Park, and the remainder by the Big Cypress National Preserve in the northeastern interior. The area, officially named Cape Sable Census County Division, is virtually uninhabited. As of the Census of 2000, this area had 86.9 percent of the county's land area (2243.58 out of 2,582.00 km2 (997 sq mi)), but only 0.075 percent of its population (60 out of 79,589). The Census Bureau defines this area as Census Tract 9701 of Monroe County, Florida. With a population density of only 0.0267/km2 (0.0693/sq mi), if it were a separate county or county-equivalent, only the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area of central Alaska would have a lower population density out of all U.S. counties.[9]

The only three populated places appearing on detailed maps and in the USGS geographic name database are Flamingo, Pinecrest, (not to be confused with much larger Pinecrest of neighboring Miami-Dade County), and Trail City. Flamingo, on the south coast and at the end of State Road 9336 (Flamingo Lodge Highway), is the location of the Flamingo Lodge and the Flamingo Ranger Station (with Visitor Center & Marina). 11 km (7 mi) northeast on the highway is the West Lake Trail (station). Pinecrest, located in the northern interior of the county (in the Big Cypress National Preserve) on Loop Road (given that name since it forms a loop with U.S. Highway 41 further north), hosts the Loop Road Education Center. Trail City is 6 km (4 mi) west of Pinecrest on Loop Road. Loop Road can be found on most maps as CR 94, although the roadway no longer has a numbered designation and is now managed by the National Park Service.

Between the south coast of Florida's mainland and the Florida Keys is Florida Bay, which is encompassed by the Everglades National Park and contains numerous islets or keys.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1830517—
184068833.1%
18502,645284.4%
18602,91310.1%
18705,65794.2%
188010,94093.4%
189018,78671.7%
190018,006−4.2%
191021,56319.8%
192019,550−9.3%
193013,624−30.3%
194014,0783.3%
195029,957112.8%
196047,92160.0%
197052,5869.7%
198063,18820.2%
199078,02423.5%
200079,5892.0%
201073,090−8.2%
Est. 201974,228[10]1.6%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]
1790-1960[12] 1900-1990[13]
1990-2000[14] 2010-2019[1]

[15]

As of the census[16] of 2010, there were 73,090 people, 32,629 households, and 18,219 families living in the county. The racial makeup of the county was 89.5% White (71.3% Non-Hispanic White), 5.7% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. 20.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census[16] of 2000, there were 79,589 people, 35,086 households, and 20,384 families living in the county. The population density was 80 people per square mile (31/km2). There were 51,617 housing units at an average density of 52 per square mile (20/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 90.65% White, 4.77% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.83% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 1.55% from other races, and 1.78% from two or more races. 15.77% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

In 2005 Monroe County had a population that was 75.1% non-Hispanic white, 17.7% Latino, 5.4% African-American and 1.1% Asian.[17]

In 2000 there were 35,086 households, out of which 20.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.80% were married couples living together, 7.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.90% were non-families. 28.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 17.10% under the age of 18, 6.30% from 18 to 24, 31.10% from 25 to 44, 30.90% from 45 to 64, and 14.60% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females there were 113.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $42,283, and the median income for a family was $50,734. Males had a median income of $31,266 versus $25,709 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,102. About 6.80% of families and 10.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.80% of those under age 18 and 8.80% of those age 65 or over.

Languages

As of 2010, 77.57% spoke English as a first language, while 17.56% spoke Spanish, 0.96% spoke French Creole (mainly Haitian Creole), 0.74% spoke French, and 0.50% spoke Russian as their primary language. In total, 22.43% of the population spoke a main language other than English.[18]

Transportation

Airports

Major highways

Culture

Monroe County is the home of conch culture. Conch is the name locals use to refer to themselves, and it comes from the sea snail that is native to the area and has been economically important to Monroe County. Conch culture's hallmarks include intimate familiarity with the sea and especially local waters, quirkiness by most mainland standards and an acceptance of alternative lifestyles, anti-authoritarian stances in general, and local knowledge of the geography and weather of the area.

Fishing, as an economic activity, and making a living from the sea, are important to conch culture. Sponge-diving, conch diving, crabbing, lobstering and other commercial fishing have been important parts of conch culture. Commercial fishing is now less important to conch culture than it has been in the past, and recreational fishing is more important, as some conchs now make their livings from charter fishing and other tourism-related businesses.

Regarding government-sponsored organizations, the Florida Keys Council for the Arts is the primary cultural umbrella for the Florida Keys, and serves the population from Key Largo to Key West. A non-profit local arts agency, it makes grants, operates the Monroe County Art in Public Places program, sponsors seminars, and manages the on-line cultural calendar for the region. It also manages the County's Tourism Development Council arts marketing grants and serves as a leading advocate for cultural tourism in lower Florida. In 1998, the Florida Keys Council of the Arts was designated by the Board of Monroe County Commissioners as the area's Local Arts Agency as provided by Florida Statute 286.011. Established in 1997 as the Monroe Council of the Arts Corporation. The name was changed to the Florida Keys Council of the Arts in 2001. Today the organization is the liaison among cultural organizations, all levels of government and the private sector in encouraging and promoting the arts throughout Monroe County. The council endeavors to make the arts a part of the fabric of daily life. From its inception through fiscal year end 2006, FKCA has awarded $433,916 in privately raised funds and grants to literary, visual and performing artists and cultural organizations. Add to that sum the Cultural Umbrella event funding, the South Florida Cultural Consortium Visual & Media Artists Fellowships and The Art in Public Places commissions, and the total distributed in the Keys cultural community through FKCA's efforts come to $2.5 million to date. The annual economic impact of the non-profit cultural community in the Keys is estimated at over $22 million. The Florida Keys Council of the Arts, a non-profit,501(c) (3) corporation in a public-private partnership with local county government since 1997 serves 76,329 local residents and three million visitors annually. A ten-member board of directors guides the council, assisted by three alternate directors, two directors Emeritus and twenty-five advisory board members.

Other notable Monroe County cultural organizations are the Key West Literary Seminar, The Studios of Key West, the Red Barn Theatre, Key West Symphony, Sculpture Key West, Fantasy Fest, the San Carlos Institute, Hemingway House and Museum, Customs House Museum, and Key West Art and Historical Society.

Education

The Monroe County School District serves the county, as well as several private schools for primary and secondary education.

Florida Keys Community College is the primary college education provider with main campus in Key West, Florida. FKCC also operates two additional campuses in the Florida Keys; one in Marathon and another in Key Largo.

Government

Elections

Although Monroe County has voted mostly for the Democratic candidate since 1992, it is a competitive county in presidential elections; it was won by the Democratic Party by margins of 5% in 2008 and 0.5% in 2004 and 2012. Barack Obama was the first candidate for president to win a majority, 51.7%, of the vote since George H. W. Bush's Electoral College-landslide victory in 1988. In 2016 Donald Trump was the first Republican to carry the county in almost three decades winning 51% of its vote in the 2016 Election, by an even bigger margin than the 2008 election, which was a very notable shift.

Presidential elections results
Monroe County vote
by party in presidential elections[19]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 50.97% 21,904 44.14% 18,971 4.89% 2,102
2012 49.12% 19,234 49.56% 19,404 1.32% 516
2008 46.86% 18,933 51.75% 20,907 1.39% 563
2004 49.24% 19,467 49.71% 19,654 1.05% 414
2000 47.39% 16,063 48.64% 16,487 3.97% 1,345
1996 37.11% 12,076 46.86% 15,251 16.03% 5,217
1992 34.38% 9,898 36.30% 10,450 29.32% 8,441
1988 60.32% 15,928 38.47% 10,157 1.21% 320
1984 67.73% 16,332 32.24% 7,774 0.04% 9
1980 53.40% 11,644 36.32% 7,920 10.28% 2,242
1976 41.67% 8,232 56.08% 11,079 2.26% 446
1972 72.18% 11,688 27.60% 4,469 0.22% 36
1968 34.19% 5,094 37.14% 5,534 28.67% 4,271
1964 35.14% 4,842 64.86% 8,936
1960 32.88% 3,416 67.12% 6,972
1956 43.54% 3,337 56.46% 4,327
1952 37.33% 2,943 62.67% 4,941
1948 12.17% 548 83.48% 3,759 4.35% 196
1944 12.72% 566 87.28% 3,882
1940 10.14% 463 89.86% 4,102
1936 9.77% 282 90.23% 2,605
1932 10.59% 336 89.41% 2,838
1928 36.93% 1,142 61.42% 1,899 1.65% 51
1924 21.27% 262 67.78% 835 10.96% 135
1920 29.19% 510 56.04% 979 14.77% 258
1916 24.11% 345 51.01% 730 24.88% 356
1912 22.55% 414 55.72% 1,023 21.73% 399
1908 19.47% 227 54.03% 630 26.50% 309
1904 25.83% 287 61.21% 680 12.96% 144

Politics

On July 17, 2014, a County Court judge ruled the state's ban on same sex marriage unconstitutional, ordering the county Clerk of Court to issue marriage licenses on July 22, 2014.

Libraries

The Monroe County Public Library system serves residents of the Florida Keys in five locations: Key West, Big Pine, Marathon, Key Largo, and Islamorada.[20]

The Monroe County Public Library provides various programs and services to the Monroe County community, including job finding tools. There is a program that preserves the history of the Keys for use by customers. In 2010 the library worked to digitize historical photographs of the Keys.[20][21]

Annual visitors cards can be purchased for $30. The library provides access to PCs with internet and word processing capabilities. The library also provides free Wi-Fi for all.[20]

The Monroe County Public Library is served by the Miami-Dade County subregional library of Florida Bureau of Braille and Talking Books Library.

Economy

54% of the people in the county work in the tourist industry. In 2016, tourism brought $2.7 billion to the county.[22]

Communities

Cities

Village

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated areas
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See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. "Census Reporter Profile page for Census Tract 9800, Monroe, FL". U.S. Census Bureau. American Community Survey 5-year estimates. 2018. Retrieved 30 March 2020.
  4. Publications of the Florida Historical Society. Florida Historical Society. 1908. p. 33.
  5. Burke, J. W. (2004). The streets of Key West: A history through street names. Sarasota, FL: Pineapple Press, Inc.
  6. Florida Department of State Division of Historical Resources, , 2013
  7. KeysNews.com, Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine, 2013, April 13
  8. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  9. Bureau, U.S. Census. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  10. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  11. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  12. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  13. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  14. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 15, 2014.
  15. "U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Monroe County, Florida". www.census.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  17. Monroe County QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau Archived 2011-06-07 at the Wayback Machine
  18. Modern Language Association for Monroe County, Florida, Census 2010
  19. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  20. Monroe County Public Library, , 2010
  21. Florida Keys Public Library Photostream, , 2013
  22. Gomez, Alan (September 16, 2017). "Keys boat captains fear loss of income". USA Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B. Retrieved September 16, 2017.

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