List of new religious movements

A new religious movement (NRM) is a religious, ethical, or spiritual group or community with practices of relatively modern origins. NRMs may be novel in origin or they may exist on the fringes of a wider religion, in which case they will be distinct from pre-existing denominations. Academics identify a variety of characteristics which they employ in categorizing groups as new religious movements. The term is broad and inclusive, rather than sharply defined. New religious movements are generally seen as syncretic, employing human and material assets to disseminate their ideas and worldviews, deviating in some degree from a society's traditional forms or doctrines, focused especially upon the self, and having a peripheral relationship that exists in a state of tension with established societal conventions.[1]^:29[2][3]

An NRM may be one of a wide range of movements ranging from those with loose affiliations based on novel approaches to spirituality or religion to communitarian enterprises that demand a considerable amount of group conformity and a social identity that separates their adherents from mainstream society. Use of the term NRM is not universally accepted among the groups to which it is applied.[4] Scholars have estimated that NRMs now number in the tens of thousands worldwide, with most in Asia and Africa. Most have only a few members, some have thousands, and very few have more than a million.[5]^:17 Academics occasionally propose amendments to technical definitions and continue to add new groups.[1]^:vii–xv

List

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List of new religious movements

Name	Founder	Year founded	Type
3HO[6]^:131	Harbhajan Singh Khalsa[7]^:162	1969[7]^:162	Sikh[7]^:162
Adidam, previously Free Daist Communion, Dawn Horse Fellowship, etc.[7]^:146[8]^:25–28[9]^:2–3	Adi Da[7]^:146	1972[7]^:146	Neo-Hindu-inspired[7]^:146
Adonai-Shomo[8]^:28	Frederick T. Howland[10]^:707	1861[10]^:707	Adventist Communal[10]^:707
Adonism[11]	Franz Sättler[11]	1925[11]	Neo-pagan[11]
Adventures in Enlightenment, A Foundation[8]^:28–29	Terry Cole-Whittaker	1985	Religious Science
Aetherius Society[7]^:3[8]^:29–31[12]^:25–26	George King[7]^:3	1954[7]^:3	UFO-Christian[7]^:3
The African Church[12]^:26	Jacob Kehinde Coker[13]	1901[13]	Anglican
African initiated churches[12]^:26–27	Multiple		Syncretistic Christian-Indigenous
African Theological Archministry, previously Order of Damballah Hwedo Ancestor Priests, Shango Temple, and Yoruba Temple[8]^:31	Walter Eugene King[10]^:934	1973[10]^:934	Voodoo[10]^:934
Agasha Temple of Wisdom[8]^:32	Richard Zenor[10]^:764	1943[10]^:764	Spiritualism[10]^:764
Agni Yoga (Roerichism)[6]^:6[8]^:32	Helena Roerich, Nicholas Roerich[10]^:876	mid-1920s[10]^:876	Neo-Theosophical[10]^:876
Ahmadiyya[6]^:6[8]^:32–33[12]^:27–28	Mirza Ghulam Ahmad[10]^:985	1889[10]^:985	Indian Islam[10]^:985
Aladura[6]^:7[12]^:28–29	Josiah Ositelu[10]	1930[10]^:517	Pentecostal[10]^:517
Alamo Christian Foundation, also known as Alamo Christian Church, Consecrated, Alamo Christian Ministries, and Music Square Church[6]^:7[8]^:33–34[12]^:29	Tony Alamo; Susan Alamo[7]^:13	1969[7]^:13	Fundamentalist Communal[7]^:13
Altruria[8]^:34–35	Edward Biron Payne[10]^:707	1894[10]^:707	Christian Communal[10]^:707
American Buddhist Movement[8]^:35–36		1980[10]^:1116	Western Buddhism[10]^:1116
American Buddhist Society and Fellowship, Inc.[8]^:36	Robert Ernest Dickhoff[10]^:1102	1945[10]^:1102	Tibetan Buddhism[10]^:1102
American World Patriarchs[8]^:37–38	Uladyslau Ryzy-Ryski[10]^:309	1972[10]^:309	Eastern Orthodox[10]^:309
Amica Temple of Radiance[8]^:38	Ivah Berg Whitten[10]^:876	1932[10]^:876	Neo-Theosophical[10]^:876
Ananda Marga[6]^:11[8]^:41[12]^:30–31[14]^:370	Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar[10]^:1001	1955[10]^:1001	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1001 Tantric
Ancient British Church in North America[8]^:43	Jonathan V. Zotique[10]^:1142		Homosexually Oriented[10]^:1142
Ancient Mystical Order Rosae Crucis[6]^:11[8]^:42–43[12]^:31	H. Spencer Lewis[10]^:841	1915[10]^:841	neo-Rosicrucianism[10]^:841
Ancient Teachings of the Masters, also known as ATOM[8]^:43	Darwin Gross[10]^:1054	1983[10]^:1054	Sant Mat[10]^:1054
Anglo-Saxon Federation of America[6]^:13[8]^:43–44	Howard B. Rand[10]^:651	1928[10]^:651	British Israelism[10]^:651
Ansaaru Allah Community[8]^:44	As Siddid Al Imaan Al Haahi Al Mahdi[10]^:986–987	late 1960s[10]^:986–987"	Black Islam[10]^:986–987
Anthroposophy (Anthroposophical Society)[8]^:44–47[12]^:33–34	Rudolf Steiner[7]^:20	1912[7]^:20	Western esotericism[15]^:41
Antiochian Catholic Church in America[8]^:47	Gordon Mar Peter[10]^:241	1980s[10]^:241	Independent Catholic Monophysite[10]^:241
Antoinism[6]	Louis-Joseph Antoine[6]	1910[6]	Christian Healing[6]
Apostolic Christian Church (Nazarean)[8]^:47–48	Samuel Heinrich Froehlich[10]^:548	1906[10]^:548	European Free-Church[10]^:548
Apostolic Christian Church of America[8]^:47–48	Samuel Heinrich Froehlich[10]^:548	1830[10]^:548	European Free-Church[10]^:548
Apostolic Church[6]^:15	Daniel Powell Williams[7]^:23	1916[7]^:23	Pentecostal[7]^:23
Apostolic Church of Christ (Pentecostal)[8]^:48	Johnnie Draft; Wallace Snow[10]^:464	1969[10]^:464	Apostolic Pentecostal[10]^:464
Apostolic Overcoming Holy Church of God[6]^:16	William Thomas Phillips[10]^:465	1920[10]^:465	Apostolic Pentecostal[10]^:465
Arcane School[12]^:38	Alice and Foster Bailey[10]^:857	1937[10]^:857	Neo-Theosophical[10]^:857
Arica School[6]^:17[12]^:38–39	Oscar Ichazo[10]^:971	1968[10]^:971	Sufism[10]^:971
Arkeon[16]	Vito Carlo Moccia[17]	1999[17]	Reiki Roman Catholicism[16]
Art of Living Foundation, also known as Association for Inner Growth and Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Preeth[10]^:1004	Ravi Shankar[10]^:1004	1981[10]^:1004	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1004
Arya Samaj[6]^:18[12]^:40–41	Mul Shankara[10]^:1004	1875[10]^:1004	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1004
Aryan Nations, also known as Church of Jesus Christ Christian, Aryan Nations[12]^:91	Wesley Swift[10]^:654	late 1940s[10]^:654	British Israelism[10]^:654
Ásatrú[18]	Stephen McNallen[18]	1970s[18]	Neo-pagan[18] Polytheistic reconstructionism
Assemblies of God[12]^:41–42	merger[19]^:106	1914[19]^:106	Pentecostal[19]^:106
Assemblies of the Lord Jesus Christ[6]^:18	merger[10]^:466	1952[10]^:466	Apostolic Pentecostal[10]^:466
Assembly of Christian Soldiers[6]^:21	Jessie L. Thrift[10]^:1131	1971[10]^:1131	Ku Klux Klan[10]^:1131
Association for Research and Enlightenment[6]^:21[12]^:42–43	Edgar Cayce[7]^:31	1931[7]^:31	Occult[7]^:31
Association of Vineyard Churches[6]^:316	John Wimber[10]^:446	1982[10]^:446	Trinitarian Pentecostal[10]^:446
Aum Shinrikyo, also known as Aleph[6]^:23[12]^:44–45[20][21]	Shoko Asahara[10]^:1073	1987[10]^:1073	Japanese Buddhism[10]^:1073
Ausar Auset Society[6]^:24	R.A. Straughn[10]^:842	mid-1970s[10]^:842	neo-Rosicrucianism[10]^:842
Azali or Azali Babi[22]^:246	Subh-i-Azal	1863	Babism
Bábism[23]^:180[24][8]^:58	Báb (Ali Muhammad Shirazi)[24]	1844[24]	Shia Islam-Millenarian[24]
Bahá'í Faith[6]^:25–26[25]^:243–248[12]^:48–49[9]^:58–56	Bahá'u'lláh (Mírzá Ḥusayn-'Alí Nuri)[10]^:992	1863[10]^:992	Bábism[26]
Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship[12]^:50–51	Bawa Muhaiyaddeen[10]^:972	1971[10]^:972	Sufism[10]^:972
Bethel Ministerial Association[6]^:32	Albert Franklin Varnell[10]^:466	1934[10]^:466	Apostolic Pentecostal[10]^:466
Bible Presbyterian Church[6]^:33	Carl McIntire[10]^:370	1938[10]^:370	Reformed Presbyterian[10]^:370
Bible Way Church of Our Lord Jesus Christ[6]^:34[8]^:77	schism[10]^:466	1957[10]^:466	Apostolic Pentecostal[10]^:466
The Blackburn Cult, also known as the Divine Order of the Royal Arms of the Great Eleven[27]^:35	May Otis Blackburn[27]^:1	1922[27]^:1	Neo-pagan New Thought[27]^:1
Brahma Kumaris[6]^:37[12]^:56–57[28]	Dada Lekhraj[10]^:1006	1936[10]^:1006	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1006
Brahmo Samaj, also known as the religion Adi Dharm[29][30]^:1028–1030	Ram Mohan Roy	1828	Neo-Hindu
Brahmoism (Brahmo Dharma)[29]^:43–57	Debendranath Tagore	1848/1850	Neo-Hindu
Branch Davidians[6]^:38[12]^:59	Benjamin Roden[10]^:617	1930[10]^:617	Seventh Day Adventist[10]^:617
Branhamism[31]^:37–40	William M. Branham[31]^:37–40	1951[31]^:37–40	Pentecostal[31]^:37–40
Breatharians also known as Inedia[12]^:60–61	Wiley Brooks[32]^:30	1970s[32]^:30	Hinduism-influenced[32]^:30
The Brethren (Jim Roberts group), also known as The Body of Christ and The Garbage Eaters[10]^:1131–1132	Jimmie T. Roberts[10]^:1131–1132	c. 1970[10]^:1131–1132	Unclassified Christian Churches[10]^:1131–1132
British Israelism, also called Anglo-Israelism[6]^:39–40[12]^:61–62
Bruderhof, also known as the Hutterian Brethren and Hutterian Society of Brothers[12]^:63–64	Eberhard Arnold[33]^:709	c. 1920[10]^:709	Communal[10]^:709
Brunstad Christian Church[6]^:269–270	Johan Oscar Smith[34]	1905[34]	evangelical non-denominational Christian
Builders of the Adytum[6]^:41–42[12]^:67–68	Paul Foster Case[10]^:891	1922[10]^:891	Ritual magic[10]^:891
Candomblé[6]^:43–44[12]^:68–69		19th century[7]^:61	Syncretistic Neo-African Divination[7]^:61
Cao Dai, also known as Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do[6]^:44[12]^:69–70	Ngô Văn Chiêu Lê Văn Trung[7]^:61	1919[7]^:61	Syncretistic Vietnamese Millenarian[7]^:61
Cargo cults[6]^:45[12]^:70			Syncretistic Nativist[7]^:62
CAUSA International[12]^:72	Sun Myung Moon[10]^:837–838	1970[10]^:837–838	Unification Church[10]^:837–838
Celestial Church of Christ[12]^:73	Samuel Oshoffa[7]^:64	1947[7]^:64	Nativist Pentecostal[7]^:64
The Centers Network[12]^:73–74
Chabad-Lubavitch[6]^:206,368[12]^:70	Shneur Zalman of Liadi.	late 18th century	Chasidic
Charismatic Movement[12]^:78		1950s[31]^:70	Pentecostal
Chen Tao, also called God's Salvation Church and God Saves the Earth Flying Saucer Foundation[12]^:78–79	Hon-Ming Chen[35]	1955	UFO religion
Cheondoism, also called Chendogyo[12]^:80–81	Choe Je-u
Cherubim and Seraphim, also known as Sacred Cherubim and Seraphim Society and Eternal Sacred Order of Cherubim and Seraphim[12]^:79	Moses Orimolade Tunolase[7]^:65	c. 1925[7]^:65	African Pentecostal[7]^:65
Christ Apostolic Church[12]^:82–83	Joseph Ayo Babalola[10]^:479	1941[10]^:479	Pentecostal[10]^:479
Christadelphians, also called Thomasites[6]^:50[12]^:81–82	John Thomas[31]^:48	1844[10]^:107	Baptist family[10]^:107 Restorationism
The Christian Community, also known as the Christian Community Church and Christengemeinschaft[12]^:83	Rudolf Steiner Friedrich Rittelmeyer[7]^:70	1922[7]^:70	Anthroposophy[7]^:70
Christian Identity[6]^:138[12]^:84		1940s[36]^:48	British Israelism[10]^:652
Christian Reformed Church in North America[12]^:86	Gijsbert Haan[10]^:365	1857[10]^:365	Reformed Presbyterian[10]^:365
Christian Science[10]^:741[12]^:86–87.	Mary Baker Eddy[10]^:741	1876[10]^:741	Christian Faith healing New Thought[37]
Christian World Liberation Front, also known as the Spiritual Counterfeits Project[12]^:87–88	Jack Sparks Fred Dyson Pat Matrisciana[7]^:76	1969[7]^:76	Christian Fundamentalist-Millenarian[7]^:76
Church of All Worlds[6]^:58[12]^:88–89	Tim Zell Lance Christie[10]^:909	1962[10]^:909	Witchcraft Neo-pagan[10]^:909
Church of Aphrodite[6]^:58	Gleb Botkin[10]^:911	1939[10]^:911	Witchcraft Neo-Pagan[10]^:911
Church of Bible Understanding[6]^:59[12]^:89–90	Stewart Traill[7]^:79	1971[7]^:79	Adventist Fundamentalist[7]^:79
Church of Daniel's Band[6]^:61		1893[10]^:395	Non-Episcopal Methodism[10]^:395
Church of Divine Science[25]^:326	Malinda Cramer	1888	New Thought Faith healing
Church of God in Christ[6]^:62	Charles H. Mason[7]^:85	1908[7]^:85	Pentecostal[7]^:85
The Church of God (Jerusalem Acres)[6]^:62	Grady R. Kent[10]^:437	1957[10]^:437	White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[10]^:437
Church of God Mountain Assembly[6]^:63, 65	J.H. Parks, Steve N. Bryant, Tom Moses, and William O. Douglas	1906[10]^:437	White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[10]^:437
Church of God of Prophecy[6]^:62–63	Ambrose Tomlinson[10]^:438	1903[10]^:438	White Trinitarian Holiness Pentecostal[10]^:438
Church of God with Signs Following[38]^:300–301	George Went Hensley[10]^:489	1920s[10]^:489	Holiness Pentecostal[10]^:489
Church of Israel[6]^:65	Dan Gayman[10]^:653	1974[10]^:653	British Israelism[10]^:653
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints	Joseph Smith	1830	Latter-day Saint Movement-Millenarian
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite)[39]	Joseph Smith James Strang[39]	1844[39]	Latter Day Saint movement
The Church of Light[8]^:210–211[40]^:105–106	C.C. Zain[8]^:210–211[40]^:105–106	1932[8]^:210–211[40]^:105–106	neo-Hermetism[8]^:210–211[40]^:105–106
Church of Satan[25]^:401–410[12]^:91–92	Anton LaVey[9]^:508–509	1966[9]^:508–509	Satanism[9]^:508–509
Church of the SubGenius	J.R. "Bob" Dobbs	1979	UFO religion Apocalypticism
Church of the Creator[10]^:668	Rev. Dr. Grace Marama URI	1969	Liberal family[10]^:668
Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster[41][42] or Pastafarianism	Bobby Henderson	2005	Parody
Church of the Living Word, also known as The Walk[12]^:92–93	John Robert Stevens[7]^:386	1954[7]^:386	Fundamentalist Occult[7]^:386
Church of the Lord (Aladura)[12]^:93	Josiah Ositelu[10]^:517	1930[10]^:517	Pentecostal Family[10]^:517
Church of World Messianity[6]^:94, 371[12]^:94	Mokichi Okada[10]^:1120	1934[10]^:1120	Shinto[10]^:1120 Health healing
Church Universal and Triumphant[6]^:281[12]^:94–95	Mark Prophet Elizabeth Clare (Wolf) Prophet[7]^:97	1958[7]^:97	Theosophical Occult[7]^:97
Collegiate Association for the Research of Principles, also known as CARP[12]^:71	Sun Myung Moon[43][44]	1955[44]	Unification Church[44]
Commandment Keepers: Holy Church of the Living God[6]^:74[8]^:180	Arnold Josiah Ford[10]^:951	1924[10]^:951	Black Judaism[10]^:951
Community Chapel and Bible Training Center[6]^:75	Donald Lee Barnett[10]^:496	1967[10]^:496	Latter Rain Pentecostal[10]^:496
Concerned Christians[12]^:96	Monte Kim Miller[45]
Conservative Judaism[6]^:76[12]^:97	Sabato Morais Marcus Jastrow H. Pereira Mendes[10]^:943	1887[10]^:943	Mainline Judaism[10]^:943
Core Shamanism, The Foundation for Shamanic Studies[9]^:580[46]	Michael Harner	1980	Neoshamanism
Covenant of the Goddess[6]^:98[12]^:48–49	merger[10]^:915	1975[10]^:915	Goddess Witchcraft Neo-pagan[10]^:915
Covenant of Unitarian Universalist Pagans[6]^:99[12]^:99	Margot Adler[10]^:915	1987[10]^:915	Witchcraft Neo-pagan[10]^:915
The Covenant, the Sword, and the Arm of the Lord[6]^:78[12]^:99–100	James D. Ellison[10]^:654	mid-1970s[10]^:654	British Israelism[10]^:654
Creativity[47]	Ben Klassen[47]	early-1970's	Pantheism Agnostic Atheism White Racialism.[47]
Crossroads Movement[12]^:100		1970s[38]^:100
Cyberchurches[12]^:103			non-denominational Christian
Dalit Buddhist Movement, also known as the Neo-Buddhist movement or Navayana Buddhist movement	B. R. Ambedkar	1956	Neo-Buddhism (Navayana)
Dances of Universal Peace[48]	Samuel L. Lewis
Dianic Wicca[6]^:84	merger[10]^:916	1971[10]^:916	Witchcraft Neo-pagan[10]^:916
Discordianism	Greg Hill, Kerry Wendell Thornley[49]	1963	Absurdism, Greek Mythology
Eckankar[6]^:91	Paul Twitchell[10]^:1056	1971[10]^:1056	Derived from Sant Mat but denies connection[10]^:1056
Elan Vital (formerly Divine Light Mission)[6]^:85–86[28]^:126[50]^:156	Shri Hans Ji Maharaj[10]^:1055	1920s[10]^:1055	Sant Mat[10]^:1055
Emin	Raymond Armin	1971	New Age
End Time Survivors Jesus Christians[51]	David McKay[52]		Fundamentalist Millennialism
Esoteric Nazism[53]^:17			Occult Western esotericism[15]
Est (Erhard Seminars Training)[1]^:44[28]^:126–127[54]	Werner Erhard[55]^:193	1971[31]^:108[56]^:167,171–172	Human Potential Movement[5]^:35[31]^:107–108[57] Self religions[58]
Evangelical Methodist Church[6]^:97	J.H. Hamblen[10]^:396	1946[10]^:396	Non-Episcopal Methodist[10]^:396
Family Federation for World Peace and Unification[59]	Sun Myung Moon[59]	1994[59]	Unification Church[59]
Falun Gong[60]	Li Hongzhi[10]^:1126	1992[10]^:1126	Qigong movement
Family International, previously known as the Children of God, the Family of Love and the Family[7]^:133[28]^:126[61]	David Berg[7]^:133	1968[7]^:133	Fundamentalist,[7]^:133 Jesus movement[61] countercultural evangelical[9]^:185
Fellowship of Isis[6]^:103	Olivia Robertson[10]^:888	1976[10]^:888	Neo-pagan Goddess[10]^:888
Feraferia[62]	Frederick Adams[62]	1967[62]	Neo-pagan Goddess[62]
Findhorn Foundation[6]^:104	Eileen Caddy Peter Caddy Alexis Edwards Roger Benson[7]^:138	1963[7]^:138	Christian-Anthroposophistical-neo-Rosicrucian[7]^:138
Fire Baptized Holiness Church of God of the Americas[6]^:104	W.E. Fuller[10]^:482	1898[10]^:482	Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[10]^:482
First Satanic Church[63]^:701	Karla LaVey	1997	Satanism
Followers of Christ[10]^:1137	Marion Reece (or Riess)[10]^:1137[64]	late 19th century[10]^:1137	Unclassified[10]^:1137 Pentecostal[64]
Fourth Way[25]^:259–266[15]^:42	George Gurdjieff	c. 1913	Esoteric Sufism Western esotericism[15]^:42
Fraternitas Rosae Crucis[6]^:108	Paschal Beverly Randolph[10]^:843	1858[10]^:843	neo-Rosicrucianism[10]^:843
Fraternity of the Inner Light[9]^:217–219	Dion Fortune	1924	neo-Hermeticism Esoteric Christianity[9]^:217–219
Freedomites[6]^:272
Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)[65] now known as Triratna Buddhist Community	Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood)	1967[65]	Neo-Buddhism
Fundamentalist Christianity[6]^:113–114			Christian
General Church of the New Jerusalem[6]^:117	schism[10]^:763	1890[10]^:763	Swedenborgianism[10]^:763
The Genesis II Church of Health and Healing	Jim Humble	2009 or 2010[66]	UFO-New Age inspired Pseudoscience[67][68][69]
Gentle Wind Project[70]	John "Tubby" Miller and Mary "Moe" Miller	1980	Spiritualism
Ghost Dance[6]^:119			Neo-pagan Native American religion
Global Peace Foundation[71]	Hyun Jin Moon[72]	2007[71]	Unification Church[71]
Grail Movement[6]^:122–123	Oskar Ernst Bernhardt[10]^:786	1924[10]^:786	Syncretistic Christian New Age Channeling[10]^:786
Hanuman Foundation[6]^:129	Richard Alpert (Ram Dass)[31]^:51	1980[10]^:1013	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1013
Heaven's Gate[73]	Marshall Herff Applewhite Bonnie Lu Nettles[73]	1973[73]	New Age UFO religion[73]
Himalayan Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy[6]^:133	Swami Rama[10]^:1014	1971[10]^:1014	Hindu[10]^:1014
Huna[8]^:406–407	Max Freedom Long	1936	New Thought Hawaiian religion
I AM Activity[6]^:138	Guy Ballard, Edna Anne Wheeler Ballard[10]^:873	early 1930s	Neo-Theosophical[10]^:873
Iglesia Ni Cristo[74]	Felix Y. Manalo[75]	1914[75]	Restorationism Unitarianism
Isha Foundation[76]	Jaggi Vasudev	1992	Hindu
Independent Fundamental Churches of America[6]^:142	R. Lee Kirkland[7]^:179	1922[7]^:179	Unaffiliated Fundamentalist[7]^:179
Insight Meditation Society[6]^:143	Jack Kornfield Sharon Salzberg Joseph Goldstein[10]^:1067	1976[10]^:1067	Theravada Buddhism[10]^:1067
International House of Prayer also known as (IHOP or IHOPKC)	Mike Bickle	1999	Charismatic Movement Post-tribulational Historic premillennialism
International Church of the Foursquare Gospel[6]^:108	Aimee Semple McPherson[10]^:451	1923[10]^:451	White Trinitarian Pentecostal[10]^:451
International Community of Christ also known as Church of the Second Advent (CSA) and Jamilians[31]^:139	Eugene Douglas Savoy[31]^:139	1972[31]^:139	New Age[31]^:139
Ivanovism (the Ivanovites)[77]^:128–145	Porfiry Ivanov	1933	Neo-pagan Slavic Native Faith
Jediism[78]^:62		2000s[78]^:62	Star Wars-inspired New Age[78]^:62
Jehovah's Witnesses[6]^:150, 152–153	Charles Taze Russell[10]^:637	1870[10]^:637	Adventist Bible Students[10]^:637
Jesus Army, also known as "Jesus Fellowship Church" and "Bugbrooke Jesus Fellowship"[6]^:153	Noel Stanton[14]^:149–163	1977[14]^:149–163	Fundamentalist Communal[14]^:149–163
Jesus Movement[6]^:153[79]		late 1960s[7]^:196	Fundamentalist[7]^:196
Jews for Jesus[6]^:155	Moishe Rosen[7]^:197	1970[7]^:197	Fundamentalist[7]^:197
John Frum[6]^:155		1936[7]^:197	Syncretistic Millenarian[7]^:197
Kabbalah Centre[9]^:292–293	Philip Berg[9]^:292–293	1970s[9]^:292–293	New Age[9]^:292–293
Karma Triyana Dharmachakra[6]^:157–158.	the 16th Gyalwa Karmapa[10]^:1108	1976[10]^:1108	Tibetan Buddhism[10]^:1108
Kemetic Orthodoxy[80]	Tamara Siuda[80]	1988[80]	Kemetic[80]
Kerista[6]^:158	John Presmont[10]^:730	1956[10]^:730	Communal—After 1960[10]^:730
Kofuku-no-Kagaku (The Institute for Research in Human Happiness)[81]	Ryuho Okawa	1986	Japanese
Kopimism	Isak Gerson	2012	Internet religion
Konkokyo[6]^:161	Bunjiro Kawate[10]^:1122	1859[10]^:1122	Shinto[10]^:1122
Krishnamurti Foundations[82]	Jiddu Krishnamurti	1928	Neo-Theosophical Universalism
Kripalu Center (Kirpalu)[6]^:161	Amrit Desai[10]^:1019	1966[10]^:1019	Hindu[10]^:1019
Lama Foundation[6]^:164	Steve Durkee[10]^:731	1967[10]^:731	Communal[10]^:731
Latter Day Saint movement (Mormonism)[6]^:190, 192	Joseph Smith[31]^:187	1830[31]^:187	Christian restorationism
Latter Rain Movement[6]^:165	George Hawtin Percy Hunt[7]^:209	1946[7]^:209	Millenarian Pentecostal[7]^:209
Laymen's Home Missionary Movement[6]^:165	Paul S. L. Johnson[10]^:639	c. 1920[10]^:639	Adventist Bible Students[10]^:639
Lectorium Rosicrucianum[6]^:165–166	Jan van Rijckenborgh; Zwier Willem Leene; Catharose de Petri[9]^:338–339	1924[10]^:844	neo-Rosicrucianism[10]^:844
The Living Word Fellowship[83]	John Robert Stevens[10]^:506	1951[10]^:506	Latter Rain Pentecostal[10]^:506
Local Church movement[6]^:169, 171	Ni Shu-tsu (Watchman Nee)[10]^:609–610	1920s[10]^:609–610	Independent Fundamentalist Other Bible Students[10]^:609–610
Love Family, also known as the Church of Jesus Christ at Armageddon and Love Israel[12]^:90–91	Paul Erdman[7]^:216	1969[7]^:216	Communalism[7]^:216
Lucis Trust[6]^:172–173	Alice A. Bailey[7]^:217	1923[7]^:217	Neo-Theosophical[7]^:217
Madkhalism[84][85]	Rabee Al-Madkhali[86][87]	early 1990s[88][89][90]	Islam[91][92]
Mahikari[6]^:176	Kotama Okada[10]^:1123	1959[10]^:1123	Shinto[10]^:1123
Maranatha Campus Ministries[6]^:178	Bob Weiner[7]^:223	1972[7]^:223	Pentecosrtal[7]^:223
Mazdaznan[6]^:181	Otoman Zar-Adusht Ha'nish[10]^:991	1902[10]^:991	Zoroastrianism[10]^:991
Meher Baba followers[50]	Merwan Sheriar Irani[10]^:991	1921[10]^:991	Hindu-inspired[10]^:991
Messianic Judaism[6]^:184			Christianity
Million Man March[93]	Louis Farrakhan[93]	1995[93]	Nation of Islam[93]
Mita Congregation[6]^:186	Juanita García Peraza[10]^:462	1940[10]^:462	Deliverance Pentecostal[10]^:462
Modekngei (Ngara Modekngei)[94]	Tamadad from Chol	c. 1915	Syncretistic Christian-Indigenous
Monastic Order of Avallon[95]	Henri Hillion de Coatmoc'han[95]	1972[95]	Neo-pagan[95]
Moody Church[6]^:186	Dwight L. Moody[10]^:602	1864[10]^:602	Fundamentalist Evangelical[10]^:602
Moorish Science Temple of America[6]^:186, 188	Timothy Drew[10]^:988	1925[10]^:988	Black Islam[10]^:988
Moral Re-Armament[6]^:188, 190	Frank N. D. Buchman[7]^:233	1921[7]^:233
Movement of Spiritual Inner Awareness[6]^:194	John-Roger Hinkins[10]^:1054	1971[10]^:1054	Sant Mat[10]^:1054
Namdhari[6]^:196	Balak Singh[7]^:243	mid-19th century[7]^:243	Sikh[7]^:243
Nation of Islam[96]	Elijah Muhammad[7]^:245	mid-1930s[7]^:245	Black Islam[7]^:245 UFO religion
Nation of Yahweh[97]^:217[6]^:200	Hulon Mitchell, Jr.[10]^:952–953	1970s[10]^:952–953	Black Judaism[10]^:952–953
National Spiritualist Association of Churches[6]^:197	Harrison D Barrett, James M. Peebles, Cora L. Richmond[10]^:772	1893[10]^:772	Spiritualism[10]^:772
Native American Church, also known as Peyotism[6]^:202		1906[10]^:809	Native American religion Entheogen Groups[10]^:809
Native Ukrainian National Faith, also known as RUNVira or Sylenkoism[77]^:130	Lev Sylenko	mid-1960s	Neo-pagan Slavic Native Faith
New Acropolis (Nouvelle Acropole)[9]^:441–442[98]^:217	Jorge Ángel Livraga Rizzi	1957	Neo-Theosophical Western esotericism
New Apostolic Church[6]^:205	Heinrich Geyer[10]^:1139	1863[10]^:1139	Catholic Apostolic Church Unclassified Christian Churches[10]^:1139
New Kadampa Tradition[99]^:310–311	Geshe Kelsang Gyatso[10]^:1112	mid-1970s[10]^:1112	Tibetan Buddhism[10]^:1112
The New Message from God[100]	Marshall Vian Summers	1992[101]	UFO religion
New Reformed Orthodox Order of the Golden Dawn[6]^:207		1969[10]^:923	Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn Witchcraft Neo-pagan[10]^:923
New Thought[6]^:208[25]^:325–330	Phineas Parkhurst Quimby[7]^:258	mid-19th century[7]^:258	Metaphysical[7]^:258 Faith healing
Oahspe Faithists[102]	John Ballou Newbrough	1882	UFO religion
Odinism[103]	Orestes Brownson[103]	1848[103]	Neo-pagan[103]
Oomoto[6]^:216	Mrs. Nao Deguchi[7]^:266	1899[7]^:266	Shinto-Millenarian[7]^:266
Open Bible Standard Churches[6]^:217	merger[10]^:454	1935[10]^:454	White Trinitarian Pentecostal[10]^:454
Opus Dei[28]^:126[9]^:427–428[104][105]^:3, 122–123[106][107][108]^:251	Saint Josemaría Escrivá de Balaguer[9]^:427–428	1928[9]^:427–428	Roman Catholic[9]^:427–428
Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.)[7]^:270	Carl Kellner;[7]^:270[9]^:430Theodor Reuss[9]^:430	1895;[7]^:270 1906[9]^:430	Western esotericism Neo-Hermetism Thelema[9]^:430
Pentecostal Church of God[6]^:225		1919[19]^:109	Pentecostal[19]^:109
Pentecostalism[6]^:224–225			Holiness movement
Peoples Temple[6]^:226[109]	Jim Jones[10]^:832	1955[10]^:832	Psychic-New Age[10]^:832
Philosophical Research Society[6]^:228	Manly Palmer Hall[10]^:849	1934[10]^:849	Occult[10]^:849
Pilgrims of Arès[110]	Michel Potay[110]	1974[110]
Plymouth Brethren[6]^:228–229[12]^:61	John Nelson Darby[7]^:281	1830[7]^:281	evangelical Millenarian[7]^:281
Potter's House also known as Christian Fellowship Ministries (CFM), The Door, Victory Chapel, Christian Center, Crossroads Chapel, etc.[31]^:51–52	Wayman Mitchell[31]^:51–52	1970[31]^:51–52	Pentecostal[31]^:51–52
Radha Soami Satsang Beas[6]^:234	Seth Shiv Dayal Singh[10]^:1059	1861[10]^:1059	Sant Mat[10]^:1059
Raëlism[6]^:234	Claude Vorilhon (Rael)[10]^:806	1973[10]^:806	UFO religion[10]^:806
Rainbow Family[6]^:234, 236	Barry Adams[10]^:732	late-1960s[10]^:732	Communal[10]^:732
Rajneesh movement, also Osho movement[6]^:236, 238	Rajneesh Chandra Mohan[10]^:1051	1966[10]^:1051	Indian religions[10]^:1051
Ramakrishna Mission, also known as Ramakrishna movement or Vedanta Society[111]^:57–58[6]^:314	Swami Vivekananda	1897	Neo-Hindu Neo-Vedanta[7]^:382
Ramtha[112]	J. Z. Knight[113]	1977[114]	New Age[112]
Rastafari[6]^:241,243[115]	Leonard Howell, Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, Robert Hinds[10]^:954	1935[10]^:954	Jewish and Christian-influenced Afro-centric new religious movement[10]^:954
Reformed Druids of North America[6]^:244		1960s[7]^:299	Neo-pagan[7]^:299
Reiki, also Usui Shiko Ryoho System of Healing[9]^:528–529	Mikao Usui	1922	Energy medicine Japanese Buddhism
Religious Science[6]^:245–246	Ernest Holmes[7]^:301	1948[7]^:301	New Thought[7]^:301
Ringing Cedars' Anastasianism[116]^:442	Vladimir Megre	1997	Neo-pagan Slavic Native Faith
Risshō Kōsei Kai[6]^:248	Nikkyo Niwano Myoko Naganuma[117]	1938[117]	Nichiren Buddhist[117]
The Rosicrucian Fellowship[6]^:249	Carl Louis von Grasshof[10]^:845	1909[10]^:845	neo-Rosicrucianism[10]^:845
Sacred Name Movement[6]^:251	Clarence Orvil Dodd	1930s	Adventist Church of God (Seventh-Day)
Sadharan Brahmo Samaj[29]^:43–57	Anandamohan Bose, en:Sivanath Sastri, Umesh Chandra Dutta	1878	Brahmoism
Sahaja Yoga[118]	Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi[10]^:1029	1970[10]^:1029	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1029
Saiva Siddhanta Church[6]^:251	Subramuniy[10]^:1029	1957[10]^:1029	Hindu[10]^:1029
The Salvation Army[6]^:252, 254	William Booth[10]^:419	1865[10]^:419	Holiness movement[10]^:419
Saminism Movement, Samin movement[119]^:207–240	Samin Surosentiko	1889	Abrahamic religions Nativist
Sant Nirankari Mission[6]^:210	Baba Buta Singh Ji	1929	Sikh
Santa Muerte Cult[120]		2000s	Syncretic Folk Catholic
Scientology[25]^:385–392[28]^:126[121][122][123]	L. Ron Hubbard[10]^:816	1955[10]^:816	UFO-Psychic New Age[10]^:816
Sekta Niebo[124]	Bogdana Kacmajora	1990	Christian
Seicho-no-Ie[9]^:568–569[81]	Masaharu Taniguchi, Fenwicke Holmes	1930	Religious Science-Shinto
Self-Realization Fellowship[6]^:261	Paramahansa Yogananda[10]^:1031	1935[10]^:1031	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1031
Semitic Neopaganism[125]	Raphael Patai[125]	1960s[125]	Neo-pagan Feminism[125]
Seventh-day Adventist Church[6]^:262	Ellen G. White[10]^:621	1860[10]^:621	Adventist[10]^:621
Seventh-day Adventist Reform Movement[6]^:262–263	schism[10]^:622–623	1925[10]^:622–623	Seventh Day Adventists[10]^:622–623
Shakers[6]^:263, 265	Ann Lee[10]^:724	1750s[10]^:724	Communal—Before 1960[10]^:724
Shengdao, also Tongshanshe[126]	Peng Tairong (Ruzun)	early 20th century	Chinese salvationist
Shepherd's Rod, also known as the Davidians, officially, the Davidian Seventh-day Adventist Association[8]^:189	Victor T. Houteff[10]^:619	1935[10]^:619	Seventh Day Adventists[10]^:619
Shiloh Youth Revival Centers[6]^:266	John J. Higgins, Jr.[10]^:734	1969[10]^:734	Communal—After 1960[10]^:734
Shinji Shumeikai, also Shumei[81]	Mihoko Koyama	1970	Church of World Messianity Faith healing
Shinnyo-en[6]^:266–267	Shinjo Ito Tomoji Ito[10]^:1081	1936[10]^:1081	Japanese Buddhism[10]^:1081
Shinreikyo[6]^:266	Kanichi Otsuka[10]^:1123	post–World War II[10]^:1123	Shinto[10]^:1123 Syncretistic
Shri Ram Chandra Mission[127]	Shri Ram Chandraji Maharaj[127]	1945[127]	Hindu[127]
Sivananda Yoga Vedanta Centres[6]^:268–269	Kuppuswami Iyer[10]^:1035	1935[10]^:1035	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1035
Slavic Native Faith, also known as Rodnovery[77]^:112–127	Władysław Kołodziej, Jan Stachniuk	1920–30s	Neo-pagan Polytheistic reconstructionism
Soka Gakkai International[6]^:271[128]	Tsunesaburo Makiguchi[10]^:1082	1930[10]^:1082	Nichiren Buddhism[10]^:1082
Spiritualism, Spiritism[25]^:331–338[129]^:248	Kate and Margaret Fox	1848	Psychic-Mediumship Metaphysical
Subud (Susila Budhi Dharma)[6]^:279[25]^:267–274[9]^:607–608	Muhammed Subuh[10]^:981	1933[10]^:981	Kejawèn Sufism[10]^:981
Sufi Ruhaniat International[6]^:279	Samuel L. Lewis[7]^:342	1968[7]^:342	neo-Sufism[7]^:342
Sukyo Mahikari[6]^:281	Sekiguchi Sakae[7]^:344	1978[7]^:344	Mahikari Syncretistic[7]^:344
Summum[6]^:281	Claude Rex Nowell[10]^:1141	1975[10]^:1141	Unclassified Christian Churches[10]^:1141
Syntheism[130]	Alexander Bard[130]	2012[130]	Pantheist Humanist Netocratic
The Satanic Temple[131][132][133]	Lucien Greaves Malcolm Jarry[134]	2012[135]	Satanism Nontheistic[132]
Tenrikyo[6]^:287–288	Miki Nakayama[10]^:1124	1838[10]^:1124	Shinto[10]^:1124
Tensegrity[9]^:581[46]	Carlos Castaneda	1995	Neoshamanism[9]^:581 New Age
Terasem[136]	Martine Rothblatt	2004	Transhumanism
Thelema, also known as the A∴A∴ order[15]^:41–42	Aleister Crowley	early 1900s	Occult neo-Hermetism Western esotericism[15]^:41–42
Theosophical Society, also known since 1882 as Theosophical Society Adyar[25]^:315–324[9]^:624–625[137]	Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge[137]	1875	Occult Eastern and Western esotericism[9]^:624–625[15]^:40–41
Theosophical Society Pasadena[25]^:315–324[137]^:blz. 427	William Quan Judge	1895	Theosophical
Tolstoyan primitivism[138]^:672	Leo Tolstoy[138]^:672	1901[138]^:672	Christian anarchism Pacifism[138]^:672
Toronto Blessing[139]	Randy Clark[14]^:122–123	1994[14]^:122–123	Pentecostal[14]^:122–123
Transcendental Meditation (TM)[6]^:292–293, 295–296	Maharishi Mahesh Yogi[10]^:1045	1958[10]^:1045	Neo-Hindu[10]^:1045
Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly FWBO)[65]	Sangharakshita (Dennis Lingwood)	1967[65]	Neo-Buddhism
True Buddha School[140]	Lu Sheng-yen[140]	Late 1980s	Tibetan Buddhism Taoism[140]
True Gnostic Church[141]	Azrael Ondi-Ahman (Archie D. Wood)[141]	1979[142]
Twelve Tribes[6]^:212, 334–335	Gene and Marsha Spriggs[10]^:737	1972[10]^:737	Messianic Jewish Communal—After 1960[10]^:737
Two by Twos, also known as Cooneyites, Christian Conventions, the Workers and Friends, the Truth, etc.[6]^:298	William Irvine[12]^:330	1897[143]	Independent fundamentalist family[10]^:611
Umbanda[6]^:299	Zélio Fernandino de Moraes[144]	1920[144]	Spiritism[144]
Unarius Academy of Science[6]^:300, 302–303	Ernest Norman, Ruth Norman	1954	UFO Religion
Unification Church, also known as the Moonies[6]^:300, 302–303	Sun Myung Moon[7]^:365	1954[7]^:365	Syncretistic Christian[7]^:365
Unitarian Universalism[38]^:335	consolidation[31]^:308–310	1961[31]^:308–310	Unitarian Universalism[31]^:308–310
United Holy Church of America[6]^:304	Isaac Cheshier[10]^:487	1900[10]^:487	Black Trinitarian Pentecostal[10]^:487
United House of Prayer for All People[6]^:304–305	Marcelino Manoel de Graca[7]^:371	1925[7]^:371	African American Pentecostal[7]^:371
United Israel World Union[6]^:305	David Horowitz[10]^:959	1944[10]^:959	Other Jewish Groups[10]^:959
United Lodge of Theosophists[6]^:305	Robert Crosbie[10]^:855	1909[10]^:855	Theosophical[10]^:855
United Pentecostal Church International[6]^:287–306	merger[10]^:476	1945[10]^:476	Apostolic Pentecostals[10]^:476
Unity Church[6]^:306–307	Charles Fillmore and Myrtle Fillmore[7]^:373	1889/1903[7]^:373	New Thought-Christian[7]^:373
Universal Great Brotherhood[6]^:310	Serge Raynaud de la Ferriere[10]^:883	late 1940s[10]^:883	Other Theosophical Groups[10]^:883
Universal Life Church[6]^:311	Kirby Hensley[10]^:680	1962[10]^:680	Liberal Family[10]^:680
Universal White Brotherhood[145]	Peter Deunov[10]^:880	1900[10]^:880	Other Theosophical Groups[10]^:880 Esoteric Christianity
Urantia Foundation[31]^:319–322	William S. Sadler[31]^:319–322	1934[31]^:319–322	UFO religion[31]^:319–322 Psychic New Age[10]^:839 Christian occultist[7]^:380
Vajradhatu[6]^:313	Chögyam Trungpa[10]^:1115	1973[10]^:1115	Tibetan Buddhism[10]^:1115
Vale do Amanhecer[146]	Tia Neiva[146]	1959[146]	Spiritualism[146]
Volunteers of America[6]^:316	Ballington Booth Maud Booth[10]^:420	1896[10]^:420	Holiness movement[10]^:420
Varankar[147]	Sri Allen Feldman
The Way International[6]^:318	Victor Paul Wierwille[10]^:608	1942[10]^:608	Independent fundamentalist family[10]^:608
The Way of the Livingness (Universal Medicine)[148]	Serge Benhayon[148]	1999[148]	Neo-Theosophical[149] and/or "Socially harmful cult".[150]
White Eagle Lodge[6]^:319	Lady Elizabeth Carey[10]^:884	1943[10]^:884	Other Theosophical Groups[10]^:884
Wicca[25]^:339–346[15]^:55	Gerald Gardner[31]^:338	c. 1949[31]^:338	Neo-pagan Witchcraft[25]^:339–346 Occult[31]^:338
Women's Federation for World Peace[151]^:203–205	Hak Ja Han[151]^:203–205	1992[151]^:203–205	Unification Church[151]^:203–205
Wotansvolk[152]	David Lane	1990s	neo-völkisch paganism
The Word Foundation[6]^:320	Harold W. Percival[10]^:856	c. 1904[10]^:856	Theosophical[10]^:856
World Peace and Unification Sanctuary Church[153][154]	Hyung Jin Moon Yeon Ah Lee Moon	2015	Unification Church-based ultra-Orthodox/Fundamentalism
Yiguandao[9][126]^:702–703	Wang Jueyi; Chang Thien Ran	late 19th century	Chinese salvationist-Millenarian

See also

• Governmental lists of cults and sects
• Hinduism-oriented new religious movements
• List of Christian denominations
• List of New Thought denominations and independent centers
• List of Neopagan movements
• List of religions and spiritual traditions
• List of sects in the Latter Day Saint movement

References

1. Beckford, James A., ed. (1 January 1987). New religious movements and rapid social change. London: Sage Publications. ISBN 978-0-8039-8003-7.
2. Nelson 1987, p. 107.
3. Swenson 2009, p. 206.
4. Coney, Judith (June 1998). "A Response to: Religious Liberty in Western Europe by Massimo Introvigne, Vol. 5, No. 2". ISKCON Communications Journal. 6 (1).
5. Wilson, Bryan R.; Cresswell, Jamie, eds. (5 May 1999). New religious movements : challenge and response. London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-20049-3.
6. Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (28 December 1992). Rosen, Roger (ed.). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (1st ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-1505-7.
7. Beit-Hallahmi, Benjamin (1 June 1997). The illustrated encyclopedia of active new religions, sects, and cults (Rev. ed.). New York: Rosen Pub. Group. ISBN 978-0-8239-2586-5.
8. Lewis, James R. (July 1998). The encyclopedia of cults, sects, and new religions ([Nachdr.] ed.). Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-57392-222-7.
9. Clarke, Peter B., ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of New Religious Movements. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9-78-0-415-26707-6.
10. Melton, J. Gordon (2003). Encyclopedia of American religions (7th ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. ISBN 978-0-7876-6384-1.
11. Hakl, Hans Thomas (2010). "Franz Sättler (Dr. Musallam) and the Twentieth-Century Cult of Adonism". The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies. 12 (1). doi:10.1558/pome.v12i1.4. ISSN 1528-0268.
12. Chryssides, George D. (15 November 2001). Historical dictionary of new religious movements. Lanham, Md. [u.a.]: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-4095-9.
13. Omoyajowo 1995, pp. xv, 113.
14. Chryssides, George D. (1999). Exploring new religions. London: Continuum. ISBN 978-0-8264-3890-4.
15. Hanegraaff, Wouter (2013). Western Esotericism: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1-4411-3646-6.
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18. Strmiska and Sigurvinsson 2005, pp. 127–180.
19. Clark, Elmer T. (June 1940). The Small Sects in America (1st ed.). New York: Abingdon Press. ISBN 978-0-687-38703-8.
20. Partridge, 2004, p. 261.
21. Saliba, 2003, p. 171.
22. Barrett, David (2001). The New Believers. London: Cassell & Co. ISBN 0-304-35592-5.
23.  Garnett, Richard (1878), "Bábi" , in Baynes, T. S. (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons
24. Encyclopædia Iranica 1989, "Babism".
25. Miller, Timothy, ed. (1995). America's Alternative Religions. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2397-4.
26. "History of the Baha'i Faith". ReligionFacts. Retrieved 2019-05-28.
27. Fort, Samuel (9 October 2014). Cult of the Great Eleven. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-5027-8258-8.
28. Bhugra, Dinesh, ed. (1996). Psychiatry and religion : context, consensus and controversies. London [u.a.]: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-08955-5.
29. Kopf, David (1979). The Brahmo Samaj and the Shaping of the Modern Indian Mind. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
30. Jones, Lindsay, ed. (2005). Encyclopedia of Religion. 15-volume Set (2nd ed.). Detroit, MI: MacMillan Reference USA. ISBN 0-02-865733-0.
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32. Bergman, Gregory (30 May 2006). Isms. Avon, MA: Adams Media. ISBN 978-1-59337-483-9.
33. "Eberhard Arnold: Founder of the Bruderhof". www.eberhardarnold.com. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
34. "The Way Of The Cross". 2007-04-02. Archived from the original on 2007-04-02. Retrieved 2019-05-26.
35. "The Religious Movements Homepage: Chen Tao". 2005-10-29. Archived from the original on 2005-10-29. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
36. Barkun, Michael (2014). Religion and the Racist Right: The Origins of the Christian Identity Movement. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9781469611112.
37. See:
    • Saliba, John A. Understanding New Religious Movements. Rowman Altamira, 2003, p. 26: "The Christian Science-Metaphysical Family. This family, known also as "New Thought" in academic literature, stresses the need to understand the functioning of the human mind in order to achieve the healing of all human ailments."
    • Lewis, James R. Legitimating New Religions. Rutgers University Press, 2003, p. 94: "Groups in the metaphysical (Christian Science–New Thought) tradition ... usually claim to have discovered spiritual laws which, if properly understood and applied, transform and improve the lives of ordinary individuals, much as technology has transformed society."
38. Chryssides, George D. (17 April 2006). The A to Z of new religious movements (Rev. pbk. ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-5588-5.
39. "About Us". The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (Strangite). Retrieved 2019-05-27.
40. Greer, John Michael (8 October 2003). The new encyclopedia of the occult. St. Paul, MN: Llewellyn Publications. ISBN 978-1-56718-336-8.
41. Atheist, Friendly. "Thanks to a Technicality, Pastafarianism is Now an Official Religion in Poland!". patheos.com. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
42. "Pastafarian recognized in Texas ID". nydailynews.com. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
43. "In 1955, Reverend Moon established the Collegiate Association for the Research of the Principle (CARP). CARP is now active on many campuses in the United States and has expanded to over eighty nations. This association of students promotes intercultural, interracial, and international cooperation through the Unification world view." Archived 2018-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
44. Storey, John Woodrow; Glenn H. Utter (2002). Religion and Politics. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 99. ISBN 978-1-57607-218-9.
45. "The Concerned Christians cult". eligioustolerance.org. Retrieved 2019-05-27.
46. Robert, J. Wallis (2003). Shamans/neo-Shamans: Ecstasy, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30203-X.
47. Robinson 2005.
48. Van Bruinessen 2007, p. 258.
49. "Discordianism". World Religions and Spirituality. Retrieved 2019-05-25.
50. Beckford, James A. (15 September 2003). Social theory and religion. Cambridge [u.a.]: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0-521-77336-2.
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External links

• AcademicInfo: Religious Movements Gateway – Directory of Online Resources
• Diskus The on-disk journal of international Religious Studies
• Hartford Institute of Religious Research: New religious movements
• Introvigne, Massimo (June 15, 2001). "The Future of Religion and the Future of New Religions". Retrieved 2006-12-13.
• Online texts about NRMs
• SSSR Resolution on New Religious Groups
• Law Encyclopedia
• Hadden, Jeffrey K. and Douglas Cowan The New Religious Movements Homepage @The University of Virginia
• Religious Movements in the United States: An Informal Introduction