Angel, London

Angel is a locality on the northern fringes of Central London within the London Borough of Islington. It is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross on the Inner Ring Road at a busy transport intersection. The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in London. It is a significant commercial and retail centre, and a business improvement district. Angel straddles the ancient boundary of the parishes of Clerkenwell and Islington that later became the metropolitan boroughs of Finsbury and Islington. It is named from the former Angel Inn which stood on the corner of Islington High Street and Pentonville Road. Since 1965 the whole area has formed part of the London Borough of Islington in Greater London.

Angel

Angel Wings sculpture by Wolfgang and Heron with Price & Myers
Angel
Location within Greater London
OS grid referenceTQ315845
• Charing Cross2 mi (3.2 km) SSW
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLONDON
Postcode districtN1
Postcode districtEC1
Dialling code020
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
UK Parliament
London Assembly

History

Toponymy

The area is named after the Angel Inn, which existed from the 17th century.[1].

Local government

The boundary of the ancient parishes of Clerkenwell and Islington cut through the area. The southern part of Liverpool Road and the western side of Islington High Street, including the Angel Inn were in the parish of Clerkenwell.[2] Despite this, both parts were considered to form part of the town of Islington. There is a traditional story that a pauper died in Islington and had to be taken to Clerkenwell for burial, which caused the land to be forfeited.[3] The parishes were located outside the City of London. As they became populated suburbs of the city this was reflected in the addition of Clerkenwell in 1604 and Islington in 1636 to the bills of mortality weekly statistical returns.[4] The parishes were governed by vestries and were subject to the Middlesex Quarter Sessions. In 1855 the area became part of the district of the Metropolitan Board of Works and the parish vestries were incorporated as local authorities. In 1889 the parishes were transferred from the County of Middlesex to the County of London. Clerkenwell became part of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury and Islington became the Metropolitan Borough of Islington in 1900. The two boroughs were combined in 1965 as the London Borough of Islington in Greater London.

Governance

Angel is part of the United Kingdom Parliament constituency of Islington South and Finsbury.

Geography

Angel is located 2 miles (3.2 km) north-northeast of Charing Cross on the Inner Ring Road at the northern edge of Central London. The area defined by Islington London Borough Council as the Angel town centre stretches from Islington Green in the north and includes the southern parts of Liverpool Road and Upper Street. In the west it extends to include Chapel Market. South of the Angel intersection it includes the northern part of St John Street. Chapel Market creates a conservation area and the lower portion of Upper Street forms the Angel conservation area.[5] North of Angel is Islington, west is Pentonville, south is Clerkenwell and east is St Luke's.

Economy
Angel Central shopping centre

Angel is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London.[6] It is a business improvement district, categorised as 'high street and town centre', known as angel.london.[7] The main economic activity of the area is retail. Secondary to this are the evening economy, leisure and education - Angel Central is a shopping centre with a mixture of shops, leisure and entertainment facilities including a Vue cinema and the O2 Academy Islington nightclub. It was opened in 2002 as the N1 Centre,[8] and renamed Angel Central in March 2015.[9] The City and Islington College is another large example of these categories.[5]

Transport

Rail
Angel tube station () is on the Northern line, Bank Branch, between King's Cross St Pancras and Old Street stations.

Angel () is the name of a London Underground station on the Northern line.

Angel tube station gives the locality a direct link northbound to Euston and Camden Town towards Edgware and High Barnet. Southbound trains pass through Old Street, the City of London, London Bridge and Elephant & Castle towards Morden.[10]

The station is in London fare zone 1, and Oyster Cards can be used for travel to and from the station.[10] Angel saw 19.2 million passenger entries and exits in 2017.[11]

Other nearby stations include:

Bus

Several London Bus routes serve Angel, including buses 4, 19, 30, 38, 43, 56, 73, 153, 205, 214, 274, 341, 394, 476 and night buses N19, N38, N41, N73, N205, N277.[12][13]

Road

Upper Street carries the A1 from Angel northbound towards Highbury, Archway and the M1. The route's northern terminus is in Edinburgh, whilst to the south, the road passes through Clerkenwell en route to the City of London on Goswell Road.

The London Inner Ring Road passes east-west through Angel on Pentonville Road and City Road. The route is numbered the A501 and links the area directly to King's Cross and Euston eastbound, and Old Street, Shoreditch and Aldgate to the southeast.

Other key routes include St John Street (A401) to Finsbury and Holborn, and Essex Road (A104) towards Canonbury, Dalston and Harringay (via A105). Liverpool Road is also a busy route, running from Angel northbound towards Holloway.

City Road's 2017 annual average Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentration was 48 μg/m-3 (micrograms per cubic metre), which fails to meet the UK national air quality objectives.[14]

The London Borough of Islington monitors roadside pollution levels near Angel. A monitoring station for Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) on City Road recorded an annual average NO2 level of 48 μg/m3 (micrograms per cubic metres) in 2017. This fails to meet the UK national clean air quality objective of 40 μg/m3.[14]

Cycling

Cycling infrastructure is provided in the Angel area by the London Borough of Islington and Transport for London (TfL). This includes bus lanes which may be used by cyclists along Upper Street, Goswell Road, Pentonville Road and City Road.

Other cycling routes include:

Santander Cycles, a London-wide bike-sharing system operates in Angel.[18]

Canal

The Regent's Canal passes through the Islington Tunnels in Angel.

City Road Basin stands to the east of Angel, near City Road Lock, whilst the Battlebridge Basin can be found in King's Cross, to Angel's west.

The Regent's Canal and its towpath link Angel eastbound to Mile End, the Hertford Union Canal, and Limehouse. To the west of Angel, the canal passes through Camden Town and Maida Vale en route to Paddington (and the Grand Union Canal).

The Canal is maintained by the Canal & River Trust.[19]

gollark: Probably? I've never met any.
gollark: I suppose the cities might be okay.
gollark: You do NOT want to end up with less than 20Mbps.
gollark: It has bad internet connectivity.
gollark: No. I am only going to go there on holiday due to parents.

References
  1. Mills, Anthony David Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-280106-6.
  2. 'The Angel and Islington High Street', Survey of London: volume 47: Northern Clerkenwell and Pentonville
  3. "Islington".
  4. Reginald H. Adams (1971). The Parish Clerks of London. Phillimore.
  5. Angel Town Centre Strategy
  6. Mayor of London (February 2008). "London Plan (Consolidated with Alterations since 2004)" (PDF). Greater London Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2010.
  7. London's Business Improvement Districts Archived 25 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  8. http://europe-re.com/cbre-global-investors-acquires-angel-shopping-centre-in-london-uk/51021
  9. https://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/islington-shopping-centre-to-relaunch-with-new-name-and-day-of-celebrations-1-4000468
  10. "London's Tube and Rail Services" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2019.
  11. "Multi-year station entry-and-exit figures". Transport for London. January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019.
  12. "Buses from Islington Angel" (PDF). Transport for London. 17 June 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2018.
  13. "Night buses from Islington (Angel)" (PDF). Transport for London. 30 June 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2019.
  14. "Islington Air Quality Annual Status Report, 2017" (PDF). London Borough of Islington. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 May 2019.
  15. "Quietway 2 (East): Bloomsbury to Walthamstow" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2019.
  16. "Quietway 11: The City to Angel" (PDF). Transport for London. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2018.
  17. "Cycling". Canal and River Trust. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019.
  18. "Find a docking station". Transport for London. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  19. "Regent's Canal". Canal and River Trust. Archived from the original on 6 April 2019.
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