Dolgans

Dolgans
Total population
	7,911
Regions with significant populations
Russia	7,885[1]
Languages
	Dolgan, Russian
Religion
	Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Shamanism
Related ethnic groups
	Yakuts

Dolgans (Russian: долганы; self-designation: долган, тыа-киһи, батва (саха)) are an ethnic group who mostly inhabit Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia. They are descended from several groups, particularly Evenks,[2] one of the indigenous peoples of the Russian North. They adopted a Turkic language sometime after the 18th century.[2] The 2010 Census counted 7,885 Dolgans. This number includes 5,517 in former Taymyr Autonomous Okrug. There are 26 Dolgans in Ukraine, four of whom speak Dolgan (2001 Ukrainian Census).

A Dolgan man

Dolgans speak the Dolgan language,[3] which is closely related to the Yakut language.[2]

A Dolgan woman in Dudinka

History

The Dolgans are considered a Turkicized Tungusic people. In the 17th century, the Dolgans lived in the basins of the Olenyok River and Lena River. They moved to their current location, Taymyr, in the 18th century.[4] The Dolgan identity began to emerge during the 19th and early 20th centuries, under the influence of three groups who migrated to the Krasnoyarsk area from the Lena River and Olenyok River region: Evenks, Yakuts, Enets, and so-called tundra peasants (зату́ндренные крестья́не zatúndrennye krest’jáne, literally "tundranized peasants").

Culture and livelihood

Originally, the Dolgans were nomadic hunters and reindeer herders. However, they were prevented from following a nomadic lifestyle during the Soviet era and required to form kolkhozy (rural collectives) that – in addition to their traditional activities – engaged in reindeer breeding, fishing, dairy farming and market gardening. In 1983, the anthropologist Shirin Akiner claimed: "Dolgans enjoy full Soviet citizenship. They are found in all occupations, though the majority are peasants and collective farm workers. Their standard of housing is comparable to that of other national groups in the Soviet Union."[4]

Religion

Most Dolgans practise old shamanistic beliefs; however, most are influenced by Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

Notable Dolgans

Ogdo Aksyonova - poet, founder of Dolgan literature

gollark: That was misscheduled, you bee.

gollark: Hmm, I somehow failed to notice, but my laptop's WiFi card somehow ceased to exist.

gollark: It's not like collections of bee neurons emulating human minds aren't "real people".

gollark: This seems like something I might make ironically.

gollark: ++search winimage 10

References

Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity (in Russian)
"Dolgan people". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-07-03.
Hickey, Raymond (14 May 2012). The Handbook of Language Contact. John Wiley & Sons. p. 728. ISBN 978-1-4443-1816-6. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union (with an Appendix on the Non-Muslim Turkic Peoples of the Soviet Union). London: Kegan Paul International. pp. 420–423. ISBN 0-7103-0188-X.

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[1] Russian Census 2010: Population by ethnicity (in Russian)

[Britannica-2] "Dolgan people". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-07-03.

[Hickey2012-3] Hickey, Raymond (14 May 2012). The Handbook of Language Contact. John Wiley & Sons. p. 728. ISBN 978-1-4443-1816-6. Retrieved 26 August 2012.

[Akiner1983-4] Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic Peoples of the Soviet Union (with an Appendix on the Non-Muslim Turkic Peoples of the Soviet Union). London: Kegan Paul International. pp. 420–423. ISBN 0-7103-0188-X.