Mato Grosso do Sul

Mato Grosso do Sul (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈmatu ˈɡɾosu du ˈsuw][3]) is one of the Midwestern states of Brazil. Its total area of 357,125 square kilometers, or 137,891 square miles, is roughly the same size as Germany. The state, which has 1.3% of the Brazilian population, is responsible for 1.5% of the Brazilian GDP.

State of Mato Grosso do Sul
"The Natural State"
State
Flag
Coat of arms
Anthem: Hino de Mato Grosso do Sul
Location of State of Mato Grosso do Sul in Brazil
Country Brazil
FoundedOctober 11, 1977
Capital and Largest CityCampo Grande
Government
 • GovernorReinaldo Azambuja (PSDB)
 • Vice GovernorMurilo Zauith (DEM)
 • SenatorsNelsinho Trad (PSD)
Simone Tebet (MDB)
Soraya Thronicke (PSL)
Area
 • Total357,124.962 km2 (137,886.719 sq mi)
Area rank6th
Population
 (2010)[1]
 • Total2,449,024
 • Estimate 
(2019)
2,778,986
 • Rank21st
 • Density6.9/km2 (18/sq mi)
 • Density rank20th
Demonym(s)Sul-mato-grossense or Mato-grossense-do-sul
GDP
 • Year2010 estimate
 • TotalR$ 38.484,74 (17th)
 • Per capitaR$ 10,599 (11th)
HDI
 • Year2017
 • Category0.766[2] – high (11th)
Time zoneUTC-4 (BRT-1)
Postal Code
79000-000 to 79990-000
ISO 3166 codeBR-MS
Websitems.gov.br

Neighboring Brazilian states are (from north clockwise) Mato Grosso, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná. It also borders the countries of Paraguay, to the southwest, and Bolivia, to the west. The economy of the state is largely based on agriculture and cattle-raising. Crossed in the south by the Tropic of Capricorn, Mato Grosso do Sul generally has a warm, sometimes hot, and humid climate, and is crossed by numerous tributaries of the Paraná River.

The state is also known for its natural environment, and is a destination for domestic and international tourism. The Pantanal lowlands cover 12 municipalities and presents a variety of flora and fauna, with forests, natural sand banks, savannahs, open pasture, fields and bushes. The city Bonito, in the mountain of Bodoquena, has prehistoric caves, natural rivers, waterfalls, swimming pools and the Blue Lake cave.

The name Mato Grosso do Sul is Portuguese for "Thick Bushes of the South"; the name is inherited from its northern neighbour state of Mato Grosso, of which it was part until the 1970s. It is not uncommon for people to mistakenly refer to Mato Grosso do Sul as simply "Mato Grosso". Other names that were proposed, at the time of the split and afterwards, include "Pantanal" (a reference to its best known geographical feature) and "Maracaju" (a reference to the Maracaju Mountain Range that crosses the state from north to south).

Geography
Pantanal
Paraguay River in Mato Grosso do Sul

Climate
Map of Köppen climate types of Mato Grosso do Sul.

Mato Grosso do Sul has humid subtropical and tropical climates. The average annual rainfall is 1471.1 mm. January is the warmest month, with mean maximum of 34 °C (93.2 °F) and minimum of 24 °C (75.2 °F) and more rain; July experiences the coldest temperatures, with mean maximum of 25 °C (77 °F) and minimum of -2,0 °C (28 °F) and sun.

Vegetation

The "cerrado" landscape is characterized by extensive savanna formations crossed by gallery forests and stream valleys. Cerrado includes various types of vegetation. Humid fields and "buriti" palm paths are found where the water table is near the surface. Alpine pastures occur at higher altitudes and mesophytic forests on more fertile soils. The "cerrado" trees have characteristic twisted trunks covered by a thick bark, and leaves which are usually broad and rigid. Many herbaceous plants have extensive roots to store water and nutrients. The plant's thick bark and roots serve as adaptations for the periodic fires which sweep the cerrado landscape. The adaptations protect the plants from destruction and make them capable of sprouting again after the fire.

The state is located in western Brazil, in a region mostly occupied by the inland marshes of the Pantanal. The highest elevation is the 1,065 m high Morro Grande.

Campo Grande, 1974.

History

The first peoples or indigenous peoples of Mato Grosso do Sul, particularly occupying the Nhande Ru Marangatu tropical rainforested area, are the Guarani-Kaiowá, first contacted by non-indigenous peoples in the 1800s.

In October 11, 1977, the state was created by dividing the state of Mato Grosso. Its status as a state went into full effect two years later on January 1, 1979. The new state also incorporated the former territory of Ponta Porã and the northern part of the former territory of Iguaçu.

Demographics
Campo Grande, the capital.

According to the IBGE of 2008, there were 2,372,000 people residing in the state. The population density was 6.4 inhabitants/km2.

Urbanization: 84.7% (2006); Population growth: 1.7% (1991–2000); Houses: 689,000 (2006)[4]

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 1,157,000 White people (51.78%), 1,056,000 Brown (Multiracial) people (44.51%), 122,000 Black people (5.15%), 20,000 Amerindian people (0.84%), 15,000 Asian people (0.64%).[5]

In the Cerrado areas, mostly in the south, central and east, there is a predominance of Southern Brazilian farmers of Spanish, German, Portuguese, Italian and Slavic descent.

According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral composition of Mato Grosso do Sul is 73,60% European, 13,90% African and 12,40% Native American.[6] Additionally, according to a different 2013 DNA study, the ancestral composition of Mato Grosso do Sul is: 58.8% European, 25.9% Amerindian and 15.3% African ancestries, respectively.[7]

Largest cities

Economy

The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 46.1%, followed by the industrial sector at 22.7%. Agriculture represents 31.2%, of GDP (2004). Mato Grosso do Sul exports: soybean 34.9%, pork and chicken 20.9%, beef 13.7%, ores 8%, leather 7.4%, timber 5.1% (2002).

Share of the Brazilian economy: 1% (2005).

Corn in Dourados

According to data from 2020, if Mato Grosso do Sul were a country, it would be the world's fifth largest producer of oilseeds.[9] In 2020, Mato Grosso do Sul was the 5th biggest grain producer in the country, with 7.9%.[10] In soy, produced 10.5 million tons in 2020, one of the largest producing states in Brazil, around 5th place.[11] It's the 4th largest producer of sugarcane, with around 49 million tons harvested in the 2019/20 harvest.[12][10] In 2019, Mato Grosso do Sul was also one of the largest producer of corn in the country with 10,1 million tons.[13] In cassava production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. Mato Grosso do Sul was the 6th largest producer in the country, with 721 thousand tons.[14]

The state has the 4th largest cattle herd in Brazil, with a total of 21.4 million head of cattle.[15] The state is a major exporter of beef, but also poultry and pork. In poultry farming, the state had, in 2017, a flock of 22 million birds.[16] In pork, in 2019, Mato Grosso do Sul slaughtered more than 2 million animals. The state occupies the 7th Brazilian position in pig farming, moving towards becoming the 4th largest Brazilian producer in the coming years.[17]

In 2017, Mato Grosso do Sul had 0.71% of the national mineral participation (6th place in the country). Mato Grosso do Sul had production of iron (3.1 million tons at a value of R$ 324 million) and manganese (648 thousand tons at a value of R$ 299 million).[18]

Mato Grosso do Sul had an industrial GDP of R $ 19.1 billion in 2017, equivalent to 1.6% of the national industry. It employs 122,162 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Public Utility Industrial Services, such as Electricity and Water (23.2%), Construction (20.8%), Food (15.8%), Pulp and Paper (15.1%) and Petroleum Derivatives and Biofuels (12.5%). These 5 sectors concentrate 87.4% of the state's industry.[19]

In the city of Três Lagoas, the production of paper and cellulose is considerable. Mato Grosso do Sul recorded growth above the national average in the production of cellulose, reached the mark of 1 million hectares of planted eucalyptus, expanded its industrial park in the sector and consolidated itself as the largest exporter of the product in the country in the first quarter of 2020. Between 2010 and 2018, production in the south of Mato Grosso increased by 308%, reaching 17 million cubic meters of round wood for paper and cellulose in 2018. In 2019, Mato Grosso do Sul reached the leadership of exports in the product in the country, with 9.7 million tons traded: 22.20% of the total Brazilian pulp exports that year.[20]

Interesting facts

Vehicles: 835,259 (June 2009); Mobile phones: 2.407 million (July/2009); Telephones: 471,000 (April 2007); Cities: 78 (2007)[21]

Education
Campo Grande is the most important educational centre of the state.

There are more than 44 universities in whole state of Mato Grosso do Sul.[22]

Educational institutions

Culture
Radio Club in Campo Grande.

Campo Grande Film Festival

It's a film festival held annually in the months of January and February and has been arranged since 2004. It focuses on the independent cinema presenting Brazilian films and foreign films as well. It also presents regional films and short films. As of 2011 the festival is suspended.

Bonito's Winter Festival

"Festival de Inverno de Bonito" (Bonito Winter Festival) is held every year for a week during July or August, with music performances and ecological videos, theatre, folklore and fine arts exhibitions.

Pantanal Micareta

Aquidauana's biggest event is the Pantanal Micareta, which attracts thousands of tourists to Dr. Sabino Avenue, annually.

Tourism and recreation
Rio da Prata (River of Silver) in Jardim.
Waterfall in Bonito.
Capybara in Pantanal.

Bonito

Concentrations of lime in the soil around the area where Bonito is located is responsible for the transparency of the waters and for the existence of a wide variety of geological formations. Local activities include diving in caverns, observing the underwater fauna and walking along trails in the forest. Places like Gruta Lago Azul (Blue Lake Cave) and the Fazenda Estancia Mimosa, Aquario Natural (Natural Aquarium), and the rivers Sucuri, Prata, and Formoso, are popular.

South Pantanal

The Pantanal is an ecological destination in the heart of Brazil. It is the largest flooded lowland on the planet and the third largest environmental reserve in the world. It is home to one of the richest ecosystems ever found to date, with periodically flooded seasonal forests. It displays the largest concentration of neo-tropical fauna, including several endangered species – mammals, reptiles and fish – and it also serves as habitat for a variety of native birds, as well as those migrating from other areas in the Americas. The Pantanal is one of the best places in Brazil for flora and fauna observation and for fishing – permitted only between March and October – due to its abundance of animals. It has a total area of 230,000 square kilometres, covering 12 townships in the States of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul. To the North, there are the Paracis, Azul and Roncador mountains. To the East, the Maracaju Mountain Range. To the South, the Dodoquena Mountain Range. And, to the West, the Paraguayan and Bolivian swamps. The Pantanal is so diverse that researchers subdivided it in sub-regions. Each "Pantanal" – North and South – has its own natural features, activities and ideal period for visitation.

Infrastructure

International Airports
Campo Grande International Airport.
  • Campo Grande - The operation of Campo Grande International Airport is shared with the Campo Grande Air Base. The airport has two runways. Construction of the main runway, made of concrete, began in 1950 and was finished in 1953. The passenger terminal was concluded in 1964, and in 1967 concrete aprons were built for both military and civilian aircraft. As commercial aviation demand grew, it became necessary to widen the civil aircraft apron, which was completed 12 years after its construction. The airport has been administered by Infraero since 1975.
  • Corumbá - Corumbá International Airport, located just 3 km (1.86 mi) from the city center, was opened on September 21, 1960, the city's anniversary. Built on a land plot of 290 hectares and at an elevation of 140 meters above sea, it has an asphalt runway measuring 1660 x 30 meters, with one of its thresholds reinforced with concrete for an additional 60 meters. Corumbá International Airport has been administered by Infraero since February 1975.
  • Ponta Porã - Ponta Porã International Airport is also administered by Infraero.

Other airports
  • Dourados Regional Airport
  • Bonito Airport

Highways
BR-267 in Mato Grosso do Sul.

Flag

Mato Grosso do Sul's flag was designed by Mauro Michael Munhoz. A white stripe divides an upper left green corner from a bottom right blue space with a yellow star. White symbolizes hope, green is an allusion to the state's rich flora, blue represents its vast sky, while the yellow star adds balance, force and serenity. The star on the flag is Alphard, the brightest star in the constellation Hydra.

gollark: JUST UNINSTALL ANYTHING BEGINNING WITH "HP".
gollark: You do know that I'm gollark disguised as ale, right?
gollark: Oh well.
gollark: I said VM, not emulator.
gollark: GPU passthrough exists. I have no idea how reliable it is, though.

See also

References
  1. "IBGE". Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  2. "Radar IDHM: evolução do IDHM e de seus índices componentes no período de 2012 a 2017" (PDF) (in Portuguese). PNUD Brasil. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  3. In Brazilian Portuguese. The European Portuguese pronunciation is [ˈmatu ˈɣɾosu ðu ˈsuɫ].
  4. Source: PNAD.
  5. Tabela 262 - População residente, por cor ou raça, situação e sexo (PDF) (in Portuguese). Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil: IBGE. 2008. ISBN 85-240-3919-1. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
  6. "Untitled Document" (PDF). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2015.
  7. Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels
  8. "Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011" [Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011] (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 30 August 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  9. MS deve registrar maior safra de soja da história e produção pode chegar a mais de 11 milhões de toneladas
  10. IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020
  11. Produção de 10 milhões de toneladas confirma safra recorde de soja em Mato Grosso do Sul
  12. Goiás é o segundo maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar do País
  13. Produção de milho em MS pode chegar a mais de 10 milhões de toneladas
  14. Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018
  15. Com quarto maior rebanho bovino do país, MS recebe evento para debater todos os elos da cadeia produtiva
  16. Com um rebanho de 22 milhões de aves, setor avícola gera 8,8 mil empregos diretos em MS
  17. MS caminha para se tornar o 4º maior produtor de suínos do país
  18. Algumas Gemas Clássicas
  19. Industry Profile of Mato Grosso do Sul
  20. MS se consolida como maior exportador de celulose do país
  21. Source: IBGE.
  22. OnLine - Hospedagens e Desenvolvimento de Web Sites. "Faculdades reconhecidas pelo MEC, Vestibular, Apostilas, Universitário, Profissão, Professor". Ser Universitário. Retrieved 23 May 2015.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.