Vice President of Brazil

The Vice President of Brazil (Portuguese: Vice-Presidente do Brasil), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil), or simply the Vice President of the Republic (Vice-Presidente da República) is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The Vice President's primary role is to replace the president on the event of his or her death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the President is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out his or her duties. The Vice President is elected jointly with the president as his or her running mate.

Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil Vice Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil
Coat of arms of Brazil
Vice Presidential Standard
Incumbent Hamilton Mourão since 1 January 2019
Federal government of Brazil
Style	Mr. Vice President (Informal) His Excellency (Formal)
Status	2nd highest in executive branch
Member of	Cabinet National Defense Council
Residence	Palácio do Jaburu
Seat	Brasilia
Nominator	President of Brazil, Political party
Appointer	National Congress of Brazil
Term length	Four years, renewable once
Constituting instrument	Constitution of Brazil
Inaugural holder	Marshal Floriano Peixoto
Formation	February 26, 1891
Succession	First
Website	Vice Presidency

The office has existed since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, although it was only officially instituted as of the 1891 Constitution. It has been in place throughout all of Brazil's republican history, save for the fifteen years of the Vargas Era, when it was abolished.

Requirements

The requirements to run for the office of Vice President are exactly those of the Presidency itself. In addition to the ordinary requirements to run for political office in Brazil, under the terms of article 14 of the Constitution, a candidate for the Vice Presidency must be a natural born citizen of Brazil (which under certain circumstances may include the offspring of one or two Brazilian parents living abroad) and be at least 35 years of age.

Election and tenure

The President and Vice President are elected on a single ticket for a four-year term and are inaugurated on 1 January of the year following that of the election. Both may be re-elected for a subsequent term.

If the Vice President succeeds a sitting President, he or she may be reelected for an additional term. However, he or she is not eligible to run for a second full term, as under Brazilian law any partial term counts toward the limit of two consecutive terms. This limit applies whenever the Vice President serves as Acting President when the President is either abroad or suspended from office as a result of impeachment.

Workplace and official residence

The Vice President works in an annex building of the Palácio do Planalto. The official residence of the Vice President is the Palácio do Jaburu, inaugurated in 1977.

Ascension to the Presidency

Since the Proclamation of the Republic in 1889, eight Vice Presidents have been called upon to replace former Presidents: four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction[lower-alpha 1] (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer).

List of Vice Presidents

     Vice Presidents elect directly
     Vice Presidents elect indirectly

#	Vice President		Period of the term (duration of the term)	Party	President	Notes	Election
First Republic First Republic (Old Republic)}}
1	Floriano Peixoto		26 February 1891 – 23 November 1891 (8 months and 28 days)	None (military)	Deodoro da Fonseca	Ascended to the Presidency due to resignation of the holder.	1891
Vacant (2 years, 11 months and 23 days)					Floriano Peixoto
2	Manuel Vitorino		15 November 1894 – 14 November 1898 (4 years)	Federal Republican Party PR Federal	Prudente de Morais		1894
3	Francisco Rosa e Silva		15 November 1898 – 14 November 1902 (4 years)	Federal Republican Party PR Federal	Campos Sales		1898
–	Silviano Brandão		Died before taking office	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Rodrigues Alves		1902
Vacant (7 months and 2 days)
4	Afonso Pena		17 June 1903 – 14 November 1906 (3 years, 4 months and 29 days)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM		Elected for Vice President in 1903 after the death of predecessor.	1903
5	Nilo Peçanha		15 November 1906 – 14 June 1909 (2 years, 6 months and 30 days)	Fluminense Republican Party PRF	Afonso Pena	Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder.	1906
Vacant (1 year, 5 months and 1 day)					Nilo Peçanha
6	Venceslau Brás		15 November 1910 – 14 November 1914 (4 years)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Hermes da Fonseca		1910
7	Urbano Santos		15 November 1914 – 14 November 1918 (4 years)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Venceslau Brás		1914
8	Delfim Moreira		15 November 1918 – 16 January 1919 (2 months and 1 day)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Rodrigues Alves	Assumed as Acting President, in the condition of Vice President, due to illness of President-elect Rodrigues Alves. After Alves' death on 16 January 1919, Moreira assumed as Acting President, leaving the Vice Presidency temporarily vacant.	1918
Vacant (6 months and 12 days)					Delfim Moreira
8	Delfim Moreira		28 July 1919 – 1 July 1920 (11 months and 3 days)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Epitácio Pessoa	Died while in office.	1918
Vacant (4 months and 9 days)
9	Bueno de Paiva		10 November 1920 – 14 November 1922 (2 years and 5 days)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM		Elected to substitute his predecessor.	1920
-	Urbano Santos		Died before taking office	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Artur Bernardes		1922
10	Estácio Coimbra		15 November 1922 – 14 November 1926 (4 years)	Barreiros Republican Party PR Barreiros			1922
11	Fernando de Melo Viana		15 November 1926 – 24 October 1930 (3 years, 11 months and 9 days)	Mineiro Republican Party PRM	Washington Luís	In the end of his term, Melo was removed from office by the Revolution of 1930.	1926
-	Vital Soares		Didn't take office due to the Revolution of 1930	Baiano Republican Party PRB	Júlio Prestes	Vital Soares and Júlio Prestes, elected on 1 March 1930, didn't took office due to the coup d'état that removed Washington Luís and Fernando de Melo Viana.	1930
Vargas Era (Second and Third Republics) Vargas Era (Second and Third Republics)
The office of Vice President was extinct by the Constitution of 1934, but was later restored by the Constitution of 1946
Fourth Republic (Populist Republic) Fourth Republic (Populist Republic)
12	Nereu Ramos		19 September 1946 – 30 January 1951 (4 years, 4 months and 12 days)	Social Democratic Party PSD	Eurico Gaspar Dutra		1945
13	Café Filho		31 January 1951 – 24 August 1954 (3 years, 6 months and 24 days)	Social Progressive Party PSP	Getúlio Vargas	Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder.	1950
Vacant (1 year, 5 months and 7 days)					Café Filho
					Carlos Luz
					Nereu Ramos
14	João Goulart		31 January 1956 – 25 August 1961 (5 years, 6 months and 25 days)	Brazilian Labour Party PTB	Juscelino Kubitschek	Ascended to the Presidency due to the resignation of the holder.	1955
					Jânio Quadros		1960
Vacant (2 years, 7 months and 8 days)					Ranieri Mazzilli
					João Goulart
Fifth Republic (Military Dictatorship) Fifth Republic (Military Dictatorship)
Vacant (13 days)					Ranieri Mazzilli
15	José Maria Alkmin		15 April 1964 – 14 March 1967 (2 years and 11 months)	Social Democratic Party PSD	Humberto Castelo Branco		1964
				None (civilian)
				National Renewal Alliance ARENA
16	Pedro Aleixo		15 March 1967 – 31 August 1969 2 years, 5 months and 16 days)	National Renewal Alliance ARENA	Artur da Costa e Silva	Prevented from assuming the Presidency due to the holder's vacancy by the Provisory Governative Junta of 1969.	1966
Vacant (1 month and 30 days)					Provisory Governative Junta of 1969
17	Augusto Rademaker		30 October 1969 – 14 March 1974 (4 years, 4 months and 15 days)	National Renewal Alliance ARENA	Emílio Garrastazu Médici		1969
18	Adalberto Pereira dos Santos		15 March 1974 – 14 March 1979 (5 years)	National Renewal Alliance ARENA	Ernesto Geisel		1974
19	Aureliano Chaves		15 March 1979 – 14 March 1985 (6 years)	National Renewal Alliance ARENA	João Figueiredo		1978
				Democratic Social Party PDS
				Liberal Front Party PFL
Sixth Republic (New Republic) Sixth Republic (New Republic)
20	José Sarney		15 March 1985 – 21 April 1985 (1 month and 6 days)	Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB	Tancredo Neves	Ascended to the Presidency due to death of the holder.	1985
Vacant (4 years, 10 months and 22 days)					José Sarney
21	Itamar Franco		15 March 1990 – 29 December 1992 (2 years, 9 months and 14 days)	National Reconstruction Party PRN	Fernando Collor	Ascended to the Presidency due to resignation of the holder.	1989
				Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB
Vacant (2 years and 3 days)					Itamar Franco
22	Marco Maciel		1 January 1995 – 31 December 2002 (8 years)	Liberal Front Party PFL	Fernando Henrique Cardoso		1994
							1998
23	José Alencar		1 January 2003 – 31 December 2010 (8 years)	Liberal Party PL	Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva		2002
				Brazilian Republican Party PRB			2006
24	Michel Temer		1 January 2011 – 31 August 2016 (5 years, 7 months and 30 days)	Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB	Dilma Rousseff	Ascended to the Presidency due to impeachment of the holder.	2010
				Brazilian Democratic Movement MDB			2014
Vacant (2 years, 4 months and 1 day)					Michel Temer
25	Hamilton Mourão		1 January 2019 (1 year, 7 months and 13 days)	Brazilian Labour Renewal Party PRTB	Jair Bolsonaro		2018

See also

• List of current vice presidents

Notes

1. President Fernando Collor de Mello was impeached by the Chamber of Deputies, but resigned before being convicted in the Senate, resulting in Itamar Franco becoming President while the trial of Collor continued (eventually resulting in a conviction and his disqualification from public office for eight years).

References

External links

• Vice-Presidency of Brazil Official Website
• Official vice presidential portrait