ALCAM

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene.[4][5] It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD,[6] SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

ALCAM
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 5A2F
Identifiers
Aliases	ALCAM, CD166, MEMD, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 601662 MGI: 1313266 HomoloGene: 1229 GeneCards: ALCAM
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 3 (human)[1] Band 3q13.11 Start 105,366,909 bp[1] End 105,576,900 bp[1]
Gene ontology Molecular function • GO:0001948 protein binding • receptor binding • identical protein binding Cellular component • integral component of membrane • cell projection • membrane • focal adhesion • intrinsic component of plasma membrane • cell membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • T cell receptor complex • extracellular region • axon • neuronal cell body • dendrite • immunological synapse • extracellular exosome • external side of plasma membrane Biological process • heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules • adaptive immune response • immune system process • neuron projection extension • cell adhesion • motor neuron axon guidance • axon extension involved in axon guidance • signal transduction • retinal ganglion cell axon guidance • axon guidance Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	214	11658
Ensembl	ENSG00000170017	n/a
UniProt	Q13740	Q61490
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_001627 NM_001243280 NM_001243281 NM_001243283	NM_009655 NM_001331110
RefSeq (protein)	NP_001230209 NP_001230210 NP_001230212 NP_001618	NP_001318039 NP_033785
Location (UCSC)	Chr 3: 105.37 – 105.58 Mb	n/a
PubMed search	[2]	[3]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands. CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanoma.[6] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.

References

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170017 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC 2192054. PMID 7760007.
5. "Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".
6. Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.

Further reading

• Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA, et al. (1995). "The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (31): 18187–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18187. PMID 7543097.
• Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A (1996). "Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Protein Sci. 4 (8): 1644–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040822. PMC 2143187. PMID 8520490.
• Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J, et al. (1996). "Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Biochemistry. 35 (38): 12287–91. doi:10.1021/bi961038k. PMID 8823162.
• Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, et al. (1998). "CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes". Immunol. Lett. 58 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7. PMID 9436462.
• Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.
• Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, et al. (1999). "HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues". Blood. 93 (3): 826–37. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.3.826. PMID 9920831.
• Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, et al. (2000). "Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 870–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040. PMID 10673383.
• van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, et al. (2001). "Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25783–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011272200. PMID 11306570.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, et al. (2003). "ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions". Prostate. 54 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1002/pros.10161. PMID 12481253.
• Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519.
• Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, et al. (2003). "Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166)". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (7): 3437–43. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021888. PMID 12843199.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, et al. (2004). "Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (5): 1293–301. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x. PMID 15140234.
• Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, et al. (2005). "Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases". J. Cell Sci. 117 (Pt 13): 2841–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.01139. PMID 15169840.
• Ikeda K, Quertermous T (2005). "Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55315–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407776200. PMID 15496415.
• Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, et al. (2005). "MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology. 68 (4–6): 462–70. doi:10.1159/000086989. PMID 16024937.
• Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, et al. (2005). "Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity". Cancer Res. 65 (19): 8801–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378. PMID 16204050.
• Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.

External links

• ALCAM at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Human ALCAM genome location and ALCAM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.