Alfonso Cuarón

Alfonso Cuarón (US: /kwɑːˈroʊn/ kwah-ROHN,[1] Spanish: [alˈfonso kwaˈɾon] (listen); born 28 November 1961) is a Mexican film director, screenwriter, producer, cinematographer, and editor. Several of his films have received critical acclaim and accolades. He has been nominated for 11 Academy Awards winning five of them, including two Best Director awards for Gravity (2013) and Roma (2018). He is the first Latin American director to receive the award for Best Director. He has also received Academy Awards for Best Film Editing for Gravity and Best Cinematography for Roma. Cuarón has been nominated for Academy Awards in six different categories, a record he shares with Walt Disney and George Clooney. His other notable films include the family drama A Little Princess (1995), the road comedy Y tu mamá también (2001), the fantasy film Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004), and the science fiction thriller[2] Children of Men (2006).

"Cuarón" redirects here. For other people with the surname, see Cuarón (surname).

This article uses Spanish naming customs: the first or paternal family name is Cuarón and the second or maternal family name is Orozco.

Alfonso Cuarón
Cuarón in July 2013
Born	Alfonso Cuarón Orozco (1961-11-28) 28 November 1961 Mexico City, Mexico
Alma mater	National Autonomous University of Mexico
Occupation	Director, screenwriter, producer, editor
Years active	1981–present
Spouse(s)	Mariana Elizondo ​ ( m. 1980; div. 1993) Annalisa Bugliani ​ ( m. 2001; div. 2008)
Children	3, including Jonás Cuarón
Relatives	Carlos Cuarón (brother)
Honours	British Academy of Film and Television Arts Directors Guild of America Award

Early life

Alfonso Cuarón Orozco was born in Mexico City on 28 November 1961, the son of Alfredo Cuarón, a doctor specializing in nuclear medicine, and Cristina Orozco, a pharmaceutical biochemist.[3] He has two brothers, Carlos, also a filmmaker,[4] and Alfredo, a conservation biologist. Cuarón studied philosophy at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) and filmmaking at CUEC (Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematográficos),[5] a school within the same university. There, he met the director Carlos Marcovich and cinematographer Emmanuel Lubezki,[5] and they made what would be his first short film, Vengeance Is Mine.

Career

Early career

Cuarón at the Festival Internacional de Cine en Guadalajara in 1998.

Cuarón began working on television in Mexico, first as a technician and then as a director. His television work led to assignments as an assistant director for several film productions including La Gran Fiesta, Gaby: A True Story and Romero, and in 1991, he landed his first big-screen directorial assignment.

Sólo con tu pareja

Sólo con tu pareja is a sex comedy about a womanizing businessman (played by Daniel Giménez Cacho) who, after having sex with an attractive nurse, is fooled into believing he's contracted AIDS. In addition to writing, producing and directing, Cuarón co-edited the film with Luis Patlán.[6]

The film, which also starred cabaret singer Astrid Hadad and model/actress Claudia Ramírez (with whom Cuarón was linked between 1989 and 1993), was a big hit in Mexico. After this success, director Sydney Pollack hired Cuarón to direct an episode of Fallen Angels, a series of neo-noir stories produced for the Showtime premium cable network in 1993; other directors who worked on the series included Steven Soderbergh, Jonathan Kaplan, Peter Bogdanovich and Tom Hanks.

American debut, Y tu mamá también and international success

Cuarón and Clive Owen, who worked together on Children of Men.

In 1995, Cuarón released his first feature film produced in the United States, A Little Princess, an adaptation of Frances Hodgson Burnett's classic novel. Cuarón's next feature was also a literary adaptation, a modernized version of Charles Dickens's Great Expectations starring Ethan Hawke, Gwyneth Paltrow and Robert De Niro.

Cuarón's next project found him returning to Mexico with a Spanish-speaking cast to film Y tu mamá también, starring Gael García Bernal, Diego Luna and Maribel Verdú. It was a provocative and controversial road comedy about two sexually obsessed teenagers who take an extended road trip with an attractive married woman who is much older than them. The film's open portrayal of sexuality and frequent rude humor, as well as the politically and socially relevant asides, made the film an international hit and a major success with critics. Cuarón shared an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay with co-writer and brother Carlos Cuarón.

In 2004, Cuarón directed the third film in the successful Harry Potter series, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Cuarón faced criticism from some Harry Potter fans for his approach to the film. At the time of the movie's release, however, author J. K. Rowling, who had seen and loved Cuarón's film Y tu mamá también, said that it was her personal favorite from the series so far.[7] Critically, the film was also better received than the first two installments, with some critics remarking its new tone and for being the first Harry Potter film to truly capture the essence of the novels.[8]

Cuarón's feature Children of Men, an adaptation of the P. D. James novel starring Clive Owen, Julianne Moore and Michael Caine, received wide critical acclaim, including three Academy Award nominations. Cuarón himself received two nominations for his work on the film in Best Film Editing (with Alex Rodríguez) and Best Adapted Screenplay (with several collaborators).

He created the production and distribution company Esperanto Filmoj ("Esperanto Films", named because of his support for the international language Esperanto[9]), which has credits in the films Duck Season, Pan's Labyrinth, and Gravity.

Cuarón also directed the controversial public service announcement "I Am Autism" for Autism Speaks that was criticized by disability rights groups for its negative portrayal of autism.[10]

Awards recognition

Cuaron at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival

Alfonso Cuarón in Morelia International Film Festival

In 2010, Cuarón began to develop the film Gravity, a drama set in space. He was joined by producer David Heyman, with whom Cuarón worked on Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. Starring Sandra Bullock and George Clooney, the film was released in the fall of 2013[11] and opened the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August. On 12 January 2014, Alfonso accepted the Golden Globe Award in the category of Best Director. The film received ten Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture and Best Director. Cuarón won for Best Directing, becoming the first Latin American to win the award,[12] while he and Mark Sanger received the award for Best Film Editing.[13]

In 2013, Cuarón created Believe, a science fiction/fantasy/adventure series that was broadcast as part of the 2013–14 United States network television schedule on NBC as a mid-season entry. The series was created by Cuarón for Bad Robot Productions and Warner Bros. Television. In 2014, TIME placed him in its list of "100 Most Influential People in the World" – Pioneers.[14]

In May 2015, Cuarón was announced as the President of the Jury for the 72nd Venice International Film Festival.[15]

Production began in fall 2016 for Cuarón's eighth film, Roma, a tale of a housekeeper for a middle class Mexican family in 1970s Mexico City, based on the life of his family's longtime maid, Liboria Rodríguez.[16] The project was produced by Cuarón, Gabriela Rodríguez and Nicolás Celis. The film debuted at 75th Venice International Film Festival, where it won the Golden Lion,[17] and was distributed to select theaters in Mexico and United States before its online release on Netflix. Roma was highly acclaimed upon release; among its accolades are two Golden Globes (Best Foreign Language Film and Best Director for Cuarón) and three Academy Awards (Best Director, Best Foreign Language Film, and Best Cinematography for Cuarón) out of a leading ten nominations.[18][19]

Style

Cuarón’s films seep with his many signature visual, thematic, and structural elements. Most notable, is the directors use of long takes, and his constantly moving camera. These tendencies create the feeling of real time and real space within the worlds Cuaron explores. Elaborating on this the director states,“For Children of Men, we wanted to take advantage of the element of real time. It’s a documentary approach. As if you were just following characters around with your own digital camera in the year 2027.” This documentary approach grounds the sometimes fantastical and otherworldly settings the director traverses in films such as Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and Gravity. In his films, camera movement acts as an extension of character emotion. Whether employing handheld, steadicam or robotic arm, Cuarón uses the tools of cinematography to create an intense, symbiotic relationship between viewer and onscreen action.[20]

Personal life

Cuarón is a vegetarian[21][22] and has been living in London since 2000.[23]

Cuarón's first marriage was to Mariana Elizondo, with whom he has a son, Jonás Cuarón, born in 1981, who is also a film director, known for Year of the Nail and Desierto.[24] His second marriage, from 2001 to 2008, was to Italian actress and freelance journalist Annalisa Bugliani, with whom he has two children.[24]

He has publicly shown his fascination for the Esperanto language and his support for the Esperanto movement.[25] He called his production company Esperanto Filmoj.

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Credited as				Notes
		Director	Writer	Producer	Editor
1991	Sólo con tu pareja	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Directorial debut
1995	A Little Princess	Yes	No	No	No
1998	Great Expectations	Yes	No	No	No
2001	Y tu mamá también	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2004	Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban	Yes	No	No	No
2006	Children of Men	Yes	Yes	No	Yes
2013	Gravity	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
2018	Roma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Also cinematographer

Producer only

Year	Title	Director	Notes
2004	Crónicas	Sebastián Cordero
	The Assassination of Richard Nixon	Niels Mueller
2005	Black Sun[26]	Gary Tarn	Documentary
2006	Pan's Labyrinth	Guillermo Del Toro
2008	Rudo y Cursi	Carlos Cuarón
2015	Desierto	Jonás Cuarón
	This Changes Everything[27]	Avi Lewis	Documentary
2020	The Disciple[28]	Chaitanya Tamhane
2021	The Witches	Robert Zemeckis	Post-production

Short films

Year	Title	Credited as				Notes
		Director	Writer	Producer	Editor
1983	Who's He Anyway	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Co-written with Mariana Elizondo
	Vengeance Is Mine	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Co-written and co-directed with Carlos Marcovich
	Cuarteto para el fin del tiempo	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Also cinematographer, alongside Emmanuel Lubezki
2006	Parc Monceau	Yes	Yes	No	No	Segment of Paris, je t'aime
2007	The Possibility of Hope	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Short Documentary
	The Shock Doctrine	No	Yes	Yes	No	Short Documentary
2009	I am Autism	Yes	Yes	No	No	Short Documentary for Autism Speaks
	The Shock Doctrine	No	Yes	Yes	No	Short Documentary
2013	Aningaaq	No	No	executive	No	Spin-off of Gravity, included as a bonus in the DVD[29]

Television

Year	Title	Credited as				Notes
		Director	Writer	Executive Producer	Editor
1988-1989	La Hora Marcada	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Writer and director (6 episodes), Editor (1 episode), Also cinematographer (5 episodes)
1993	Fallen Angels	Yes	No	No	No	Episode: "Murder, Obliquely"
2014	Believe	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Co-creator; Co-writer and director, Episode: "Pilot"
TBA	Ascension	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Miniseries; Active Development

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Alfonso Cuarón

Awards and nominations received by Cuarón's films

Year	Work	Academy Awards[13]		BAFTA Awards[30]		Golden Globe Awards[31]
		Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins	Nominations	Wins
1995	A Little Princess	2
2001	Y tu mamá también	1		2		1
2004	Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban	2		4
2006	Children of Men	3		3	2
2013	Gravity	10	7	11	6	4	1
2018	Roma	10	3	7	4	3	2
Total		28	10	27	12	8	3

See also

• Esperanto Filmoj
• Cha Cha Cha Films
• Cinema of Mexico
• List of Academy Award records

References

1. "Say How: C". National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
2. "AFI|Catalog - Children of Men". AFI. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
3. Valdes, Marcela (13 December 2018). "After 'Gravity,' Alfonso Cuarón Had His Pick of Directing Blockbusters. Instead, He Went Home to Make 'Roma.'". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
4. D’Silva, Interviews: Beverley (18 October 2009). "Relative Values: Alfonso Cuaron and his brother Carlos". The Sunday Times. ISSN 0956-1382. Retrieved 23 December 2019 – via www.thetimes.co.uk.
5. "Roma: Repatriation vs. Exploitation". 7 June 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
6. Scott, A. O. (20 September 2006). "Sólo Con Tu Pareja - Review - Movies". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 December 2019 – via NYTimes.com.
7. J.K. Rowling Archived 4 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 17 January 2007.
8. "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban".
9. Interview Archived 2 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine by Sam Green with Cuarón.
10. Asansouthwestohio (23 September 2009). "Autistic Self Advocacy Network, SW Ohio: Autistic Community Condemns Autism Speaks".
11. "Movie News: Movie Reviews, Trailers, Photos - EW.com".
12. "Who Is Roma Director Alfonso Cuarón? You've Definitely Seen His Incredible Movies". Harper's Bazaar. 23 February 2019. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
13. "Academy Awards Search". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on 23 July 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
14. "The 100 Most Influential People – Pioneers: Alfonso Cuarón". TIME.com. 23 April 2014. Retrieved 26 April 2014.
15. "Director Alfonso Cuarón President of the International Jury for the Venezia 72 Competition". Venice Biennale. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 11 May 2015.
16. Lodge, Guy (27 November 2018). "Roma: why Alfonso Cuaron's Oscar frontrunner is a triumph". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 December 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
17. Kroll, Justin (8 September 2016). "Alfonso Cuaron Sets Mexican Family Drama as Next Film". Variety.
18. "Netflix's 'Roma' wins three Oscars, including Best Director (but not Best Picture)". Retrieved 23 December 2019.
19. Pulver, Andrew (25 February 2019). "Alfonso Cuarón wins Oscar for best director for Roma". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 December 2019 – via www.theguardian.com.
20. Vasiliauskas, Matt (12 August 2019). "Alfonso Cuarón's Directing Techniques". StudioBinder. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
21. Dan P. Lee (22 September 2013). "The Camera's Cusp: Alfonso Cuarón Takes Filmmaking to a New Extreme With Gravity". New York. Retrieved 12 July 2015 – via Vulture.com.
22. "Vogue Arts – Down to Earth". Loquet London. 12 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 December 2013. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
23. Baftas 2014: Alfonso Cuarón wins best director for Gravity | Film. theguardian.com. Retrieved on 2014-05-22.
24. "Anuncia Cuarón separación matrimonial de su segunda esposa". La Crónica (in Spanish). NOTIMEX. 23 June 2008. Archived from the original on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
25. "The Universal Language | An Interview with Director Alfonso Cuarón". esperantodocumentary.com. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
26. "Black Sun". British Council. 1 June 2009. Retrieved 25 February 2019.
27. "'This Changes Everything' Trailer: Climate Change Docu Based On Naomi Klein's Bestseller Set For Toronto Premiere". Deadline Hollywood. 26 August 2015. Retrieved 30 August 2015.
28. Galuppo, Mia (31 July 2020). "Alfonso Cuaron to Exec Produce Venice Bound 'The Disciple'". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
29. JAGERNAUTH, KEVIN. "'Gravity' Companion Short Film 'Aningaaq' By Jonas Cuaron Will Be Released As A DVD Extra". indiewire.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2013.
30. "Awards Database". British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
31. "Search". Hollywood Foreign Press Association. Retrieved 26 February 2019.

External links

• Alfonso Cuarón on IMDb
• Alfonso Cuarón: A Life in Pictures, BAFTA webcast, 27 July 2007