35th United States Congress

The 35th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1857, to March 4, 1859, during the first two years of James Buchanan's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.

35th United States Congress
34th ←
→ 36th
March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1859
Senate PresidentJohn C. Breckinridge (D)
Senate President pro temJames M. Mason (D)
Thomas J. Rusk (D)
Benjamin Fitzpatrick (D)
House SpeakerJames L. Orr (D)
Members66 senators
237 members of the House
7 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityDemocratic
House MajorityDemocratic
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1857 – March 14, 1857
1st: December 7, 1857 – June 14, 1858
Special: June 15, 1858 – June 16, 1858
2nd: December 6, 1858 – March 3, 1859

Major events
See also: 1857 in the United States, 1858 in the United States, and 1859 in the United States

Major legislation
Main article: Major legislation: 35th United States Congress

Treaties
Main article: List of United States treaties
  • March 12, 1858: Treaty with the Ponca signed[1]
  • April 19, 1858: Treaty with the Yankton Sioux signed
  • July 29, 1858: Harris Treaty signed with Japan

States admitted
  • May 11, 1858: Minnesota admitted as the 32nd state
  • February 14, 1859: Oregon admitted as the 33rd state

Party summary

Senate
Group photo of the U.S. Senate, in 1859, during this Congress.

During this congress, two Senate seats were added for each of the new states of Minnesota and Oregon.

Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Know
Nothing
(A)		 Democratic
(D)		Republican
(R)
End of previous congress 2 40 20[lower-alpha 1] 62 0
Begin 4 37 20 61 1
End 42 660
Final voting share 6.1% 63.6% 30.3%
Beginning of next congress 2 38 26 66 0

House of Representatives

During this congress, two House seats were added for the new state of Minnesota and one House seat was added for the new state of Oregon.

Party
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Know
Nothing
(A)		 Democratic
(D)		Independent
Democratic
(ID)		Republican
(R)		Other
End of previous congress 52 81 0 97[lower-alpha 2] 0 230 4
Begin 14 127 0 92 0 233 1
End 130 1 2370
Final voting share 5.9% 54.9% 0.4% 38.8% 0.0%
Beginning of next congress 6 84 7 113 25 235 2

Leadership

Senate
President of the Senate
John C. Breckinridge

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began with this Congress, facing re-election in 1862; Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1858; and Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1860.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate
See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
State
(class)		 Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 3]
Tennessee
(1)		 Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.
Successor elected October 8, 1857.		 Andrew Johnson (D) October 8, 1857
South Carolina
(3)		 Andrew Butler (D) Died May 25, 1857.
Successor elected December 7, 1857.		 James H. Hammond (D) December 7, 1857
New Hampshire
(3)		 James Bell (R) Died May 26, 1857.
Successor elected June 27, 1857.		 Daniel Clark (R) June 27, 1857
Texas
(1)		 Thomas J. Rusk (D) Died July 29, 1857.
Successor appointed November 9, 1857.		 J. Pinckney Henderson (D) November 9, 1857
North Carolina
(3)		 Asa Biggs (D) Resigned May 5, 1858, to become judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of North Carolina.
Successor appointed May 7, 1858.
Appointee elected November 23, 1858.		 Thomas L. Clingman (D) May 7, 1858
South Carolina
(2)		 Josiah J. Evans (D) Died May 6, 1858.
Successor appointed May 11, 1858.		 Arthur P. Hayne (D) May 11, 1858
Minnesota
(1)		 New seat Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day. Henry M. Rice (D) May 11, 1858
Minnesota
(2)		 New seat Minnesota admitted to the Union May 11, 1858, and its first Senators were elected that day. James Shields (D) May 11, 1858
Texas
(1)		 J. Pinckney Henderson (D) Died June 4, 1858.
Successor appointed September 27, 1858.		 Matthias Ward (D) September 27, 1858
South Carolina
(2)		 Arthur P. Hayne (D) Interim appointee retired.
Successor elected December 2, 1858.		 James Chesnut, Jr. (D) December 3, 1858
Oregon
(2)		 New seat Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day. Delazon Smith (D) February 14, 1859
Oregon
(3)		 New seat Oregon admitted to the Union February 14, 1859, and its first Senators were elected that day. Joseph Lane (D) February 14, 1859

House of Representatives
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 3]
Missouri 3rd Vacant Rep. James S. Green was elected to this term but resigned after being elected in turn to the US Senate John B. Clark (D) Seated December 7, 1857
Indiana 10th Samuel Brenton (R) Died March 29, 1857 Charles Case (R) Seated December 7, 1857
Pennsylvania 12th John G. Montgomery (D) Died April 24, 1857 Paul Leidy (D) Seated December 7, 1857
Indiana 1st James Lockhart (D) Died September 7, 1857 William E. Niblack (D) Seated December 7, 1857
Massachusetts 7th Nathaniel P. Banks (R) Resigned December 24, 1857, after being elected Governor of Massachusetts Daniel W. Gooch (R) Seated January 31, 1858
North Carolina 8th Thomas L. Clingman (D) Resigned May 7, 1858, after being appointed to the US Senate Zebulon B. Vance (D) Seated December 7, 1858
Minnesota At-Large New seat Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 James M. Cavanaugh (D) Seated May 11, 1858
Minnesota Territory At-Large William W. Kingsbury (D) Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 Seat eliminated
Minnesota At-Large New seat Minnesota was admitted to the Union May 11, 1858 William W. Phelps (D) Seated May 11, 1858
Ohio 3rd Lewis D. Campbell (R) Lost contested election May 25, 1858 Clement Vallandigham (D) Seated May 25, 1858
Mississippi 5th John A. Quitman (D) Died July 17, 1858 John J. McRae (D) Seated December 7, 1858
Pennsylvania 8th J. Glancy Jones (D) Resigned October 30, 1858 William H. Keim (R) Seated December 7, 1858
Illinois 6th Thomas L. Harris (D) Died November 24, 1858 Charles D. Hodges (D) Seated January 4, 1859
New York 4th John Kelly (D) Resigned December 25, 1858 Thomas J. Barr (D) Seated January 7, 1859
Oregon Territory At-Large Joseph Lane (D) Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 Seat eliminated
Oregon At-Large New seat Oregon was admitted to the Union February 14, 1859 La Fayette Grover (D) Seated February 14, 1859

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Caucuses

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives
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See also

Notes
  1. United States Representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.
  1. Opposition
  2. Opposition
  3. This is the date the member was seated or an oath administered, not necessarily the same date her/his service began.

References
Specific citations
  1. Charles J. Kappler, ed. (1904). "Treaty with the Ponca, 1858". Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties. Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2013-11-09. The Ponca tribe of Indians hereby cede and relinquish to the United States all the lands now owned or claimed by them, wherever situate, except the tract bounded as follows, viz: Beginning at a point on the Neobrara River and running due north, so as to intersect the Ponca River 25 miles from its mouth; thence from said point of intersection, up and along the Ponca River, twenty — miles; thence due south to the Neobrara River; and thence down and along said river to the place of beginning...
General references
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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