3rd United States Congress

The 3rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from March 4, 1793, to March 4, 1795, during the fifth and sixth years of George Washington's presidency.

3rd United States Congress
2nd ←
→ 4th
March 4, 1793 – March 4, 1795
Senate PresidentJohn Adams (P)
Senate President pro temJohn Langdon (P)
Ralph Izard (P)
Henry Tazewell (P)
House SpeakerFrederick Muhlenberg (A)
Members30 senators
105 members of the House
1 non-voting delegates
Senate MajorityPro-Administration
House MajorityAnti-Administration
Sessions
Special: March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1793
1st: December 2, 1793 – June 9, 1794
2nd: November 3, 1794 – March 3, 1795

The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was governed by the Apportionment Act of 1792 and based on the 1790 Census. The Senate had a Pro-Administration majority, and the House had an Anti-Administration majority.

House of Representatives chamber at Congress Hall

Major events
Main articles: 1793 in the United States, 1794 in the United States, and 1795 in the United States
Senate chamber at Congress Hall

Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation § 3rd United States Congress

Constitutional amendments
  • March 4, 1794: Approved an amendment to the United States Constitution clarifying judicial power over foreign nationals, and limiting the ability of citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law, and submitted it to the state legislatures for ratification 1 Stat. 402.
    • February 7, 1795: The 11th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states (then 12) to become part of the Constitution.

Treaties

Faction summary

There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[3]

Details on changes are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate
Faction
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Anti-
Administration
(A)		 Pro-
Administration
(P)
End of previous congress 13 17 30 0
Begin 14 16 30 0
End 13 17
Final voting share 43.3% 56.7%
Beginning of next congress 10[lower-alpha 1] 20[lower-alpha 2] 30 2

House of Representatives
Members of the House of Representatives as shared by each state
Faction
(shading shows control)		 Total Vacant
Anti-
Administration
(A)		 Pro-
Administration
(P)
End of previous congress 32 40 72 1
Begin 55 50 105 0
End 53 1032
Final voting share 51.5% 48.5%
Non-voting members 1 0 1 0
Beginning of next congress 58[lower-alpha 3] 47[lower-alpha 4] 105 0

Leadership

Senate
Senate President John Adams

House of Representatives

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

House of Representatives

The names of members of the House of Representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress

Senate

There were 1 death, 3 resignations, 1 late election, and 1 contested election.

See also: List of special elections to the United States Senate
State
(class)		 Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 5]
Connecticut
(3)		 Roger Sherman (P) Died July 23, 1793. Stephen M. Mitchell (P) Elected December 2, 1793
Delaware
(1)		 George Read (P) Resigned on September 18, 1793. Kensey Johns was appointed on March 19, 1794, but not permitted to qualify. Henry Latimer (P) Appointed February 7, 1795
Pennsylvania
(1)		 Albert Gallatin (A) Credentials were contested and the seat was declared vacant February 28, 1794. James Ross (P) Elected April 24, 1794
Virginia
(1)		 James Monroe (A) Resigned May 11, 1794, to become United States Minister to France. Stevens T. Mason (A) Elected November 18, 1794
Virginia
(2)		 John Taylor (A) Resigned May 11, 1794. Henry Tazewell (A) Elected November 18, 1794

House of Representatives

There were 2 deaths, 3 resignations, and 1 contested election.

Main article: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Vacator Reason for change Successor Date of successor's
formal installation[lower-alpha 5]
Delaware at-large John Patten (A) Contested election; served until February 14, 1794. Henry Latimer (P) Seated February 14, 1794
Territory South of the River Ohio Vacant Delegate seat established. James White Non-voting delegate Elected September 3, 1794
Maryland 2nd John Francis Mercer (A) Resigned April 13, 1794. Gabriel Duvall (A) Seated November 11, 1794
New York 10th Silas Talbot (P) Accepted appointment to the U.S. Navy June 5, 1794. Vacant Not filled in this Congress
New Jersey at-large Abraham Clark (P) Died September 15, 1794. Aaron Kitchell (P) Seated January 29, 1795
South Carolina 5th Alexander Gillon (A) Died October 6, 1794. Robert Goodloe Harper (P) Seated February 9, 1795
Maryland 3rd Uriah Forrest (P) Resigned November 8, 1794. Benjamin Edwards (P) Seated January 2, 1795
Delaware at-large Henry Latimer (P) Resigned February 7, 1795, having been elected U.S. Senator. Vacant Not filled in this Congress

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Senate

House of Representatives
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See also

Notes
  1. Democratic-Republican
  2. Federalist
  3. Democratic-Republican
  4. Federalist
  5. This is the date the member was seated or an oath administered, not necessarily the same date her/his service began.

References
  1. "Precedents Relating to the Privileges of the Senate of the United States". U.S. Government Printing Office. January 1, 1893 – via Google Books.
  2. "U.S. Senate: 1787: Senate Opens Its Doors -- December 9, 1795". United States Senate.
  3. Martis, Kenneth C. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
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