19th United States Congress

19th United States Congress
	18th ← → 20th
	United States Capitol (1827)
March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1827
Senate President	John C. Calhoun (DR)
Senate President pro tem	John Gaillard (DR); Nathaniel Macon (DR)
House Speaker	John W. Taylor (DR)
Members	48 senators; 213 members of the House; 3 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority	Jackson Men
House Majority	Anti-Jackson
Sessions
	Special: March 4, 1825 – March 9, 1825; 1st: December 5, 1825 – May 22, 1826; 2nd: December 4, 1826 – March 3, 1827

The 19th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.

Major events

March 4, 1825: John Quincy Adams inaugurated as President of the United States
October 26, 1825: The Erie Canal opened, providing passage from Albany, New York, to Buffalo and Lake Erie.
July 4, 1826: Both Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on the 50th Anniversary of America's Independence

Major legislation

[data unknown/missing]

Treaties signed

November 7, 1825: Treaty of St. Louis: 1,400 Missouri Shawnees were forcibly relocated from Missouri to Kansas
January 24, 1826: Treaty of Washington between the United States government and the Creek National Council, in which they ceded much of their land in Georgia

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant

	Anti- Jacksonian (A)	Jacksonian (J)	Other
End of previous congress	16[lower-alpha 1]	12[lower-alpha 2]	20[lower-alpha 3]	48	0

Begin	20	25	0	45	3
End	22	26	0	48	0
Final voting share	45.8%	54.2%	0.0%

Beginning of next congress	20	27	1	48	0

House of Representatives

	Party (shading shows control)			Total	Vacant

	Anti- Jacksonian (A)	Jacksonian (J)	Other
End of previous congress	87[lower-alpha 4]	71[lower-alpha 5]	55[lower-alpha 6]	213	0

Begin	107	106	0	213	0
End	109	104	0	213	0
Final voting share	51.2%	48.8%	0.0%

Beginning of next congress	102	110	0	212	1

Leadership

President of the Senate
John C. Calhoun

Senate

President: John C. Calhoun (J)
President pro tempore: John Gaillard (J), until December 4, 1825
- Nathaniel Macon (J), from May 20, 1826

House of Representatives

Present of the House
John W. Taylor

Speaker: John W. Taylor (A)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by Class and Representatives are listed by district.

Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 1826/1827; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 1828/1829; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 1830/1831.

Alabama

2. William R. D. King (J)
3. Henry H. Chambers (J), until January 24, 1826
- Israel Pickens (J), February 17, 1826 – November 27, 1826
- John McKinley (J), from November 27, 1826

Connecticut

1. Henry W. Edwards (J)
3. Calvin Willey (A), from May 4, 1825

Delaware

1. Thomas Clayton (A)
2. Nicholas Van Dyke (A), until May 21, 1826
- Daniel Rodney (A), November 8, 1826 – January 12, 1827
- Henry M. Ridgely (J), from January 23, 1827

Kentucky

2. Richard M. Johnson (J)
3. John Rowan (J)

Louisiana

2. Dominique J. Bouligny (A)
3. Josiah S. Johnston (A)

Maine

1. John Holmes (A)
2. John Chandler (J)

Maryland

1. Samuel Smith (J)
3. Edward Lloyd (J), until January 14, 1826
- Ezekiel F. Chambers (A), from January 24, 1826

Massachusetts

1. Elijah H. Mills (A)
2. James Lloyd (A), died May 23, 1826
- Nathaniel Silsbee (A), from May 31, 1826

Mississippi

1. David Holmes (J), until September 25, 1825
- Powhatan Ellis (J), September 28, 1825 – January 28, 1826
- Thomas B. Reed (J), from January 28, 1826
2. Thomas H. Williams (J)

Missouri

1. Thomas H. Benton (J)
3. David Barton (A)

New Hampshire

2. Samuel Bell (A)
3. Levi Woodbury (J), from March 16, 1825

New Jersey

1. Joseph McIlvaine (A), until August 19, 1826
- Ephraim Bateman (A), from November 10, 1826
2. Mahlon Dickerson (J)

New York

1. Martin Van Buren (J)
3. Nathan Sanford (A), from January 14, 1826

North Carolina

2. John Branch (J)
3. Nathaniel Macon (J)

Ohio

1. Benjamin Ruggles (A)
3. William Henry Harrison (A)

Pennsylvania

1. William Findlay (J)
3. William Marks (A)

Rhode Island

1. James De Wolf (A), until October 31, 1825
- Asher Robbins (A), from October 31, 1825
2. Nehemiah R. Knight (A)

South Carolina

2. Robert Y. Hayne (J)
3. John Gaillard (J), until February 26, 1826
- William Harper (J), March 8, 1826 – November 29, 1826
- William Smith (J), from November 29, 1826

Tennessee

1. John H. Eaton (J)
2. Andrew Jackson (J), until October 14, 1825
- Hugh Lawson White (J), from October 28, 1825

Vermont

1. Horatio Seymour (A)
3. Dudley Chase (A)

Virginia

1. James Barbour (J), until March 7, 1825
- John Randolph (J), from December 26, 1825
2. Littleton W. Tazewell (J)

House of Representatives

Alabama

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Delaware

At-large. Louis McLane (J)

Georgia

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

Illinois

At-large. Daniel P. Cook (A)

Indiana

Kentucky

1. David Trimble (A)
2. Thomas Metcalfe (A)
3. Henry Clay (A), until March 6, 1825
- James Clark (A), from August 1, 1825
4. Robert P. Letcher (A)
5. James Johnson (J), until August 13, 1826
- Robert L. McHatton (J), from December 7, 1826
6. Joseph Lecompte (J)
7. Thomas P. Moore (J)
8. Richard A. Buckner (A)
9. Charles A. Wickliffe (J)
10. Francis Johnson (A)
11. William S. Young (A)
12. Robert P. Henry (J), until August 25, 1826
- John F. Henry (A), from December 11, 1826

Louisiana

Maine

1. William Burleigh (A)
2. John Anderson (J)
3. Ebenezer Herrick (A)
4. Peleg Sprague (A)
5. Enoch Lincoln (A), until 1826 (before September 11, 1826, [data unknown/missing])
- James W. Ripley (J), from September 11, 1826
6. Jeremiah O'Brien (A)
7. David Kidder (A)

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.

1. Clement Dorsey (A)
2. Joseph Kent (A), until January 6, 1826
- John C. Weems (J), from February 1, 1826
3. George Peter (J)
4. Thomas C. Worthington (A)
5. John Barney (A)
5. Peter Little (A)
6. George E. Mitchell (J)
7. John L. Kerr (A)
8. Robert N. Martin (A)

Massachusetts

1. Daniel Webster (A)
2. Benjamin W. Crowninshield (A)
3. John Varnum (A)
4. Edward Everett (A)
5. John Davis (A)
6. John Locke (A)
7. Samuel C. Allen (A)
8. Samuel Lathrop (A)
9. Henry W. Dwight (A)
10. John Bailey (A)
11. Aaron Hobart (A)
12. Francis Baylies (J)
13. John Reed, Jr. (A)

Mississippi

At-large. Christopher Rankin (J), until March 14, 1826
- William Haile (J), from July 10, 1826

Missouri

At-large. John Scott (A)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

New York

There were three plural districts, the 20th & 26th had two representatives each, the 3rd had three representatives.

1. Silas Wood (A)
2. Joshua Sands (A)
3. Churchill C. Cambreleng (J)
3. Jeromus Johnson (J)
3. Gulian C. Verplanck (J)
4. Aaron Ward (A)
5. Bartow White (A)
6. John Hallock, Jr. (J)
7. Abraham B. Hasbrouck (A)
8. James Strong (A)
9. William McManus (A)
10. Stephen Van Rensselaer (A)
11. Henry Ashley (J)
12. William Dietz (J)
13. William G. Angel (J)
14. Henry R. Storrs (A)
15. Michael Hoffman (J)
16. Henry Markell (A)
17. John W. Taylor (A)
18. Henry C. Martindale (A)
19. Henry H. Ross (A)
20. Nicoll Fosdick (A)
20. Egbert Ten Eyck (J), until December 15, 1825
- Daniel Hugunin, Jr. (A), from December 15, 1825
21. Elias Whitmore (A)
22. John Miller (A)
23. Luther Badger (A)
24. Charles Kellogg (A)
25. Charles Humphrey (A)
26. Dudley Marvin (A)
26. Robert S. Rose (A)
27. Moses Hayden (A)
28. Timothy H. Porter (A)
29. Parmenio Adams (A)
30. Daniel G. Garnsey (J)

North Carolina

1. Lemuel Sawyer (J)
2. Willis Alston (J)
3. Richard Hines (J)
4. John H. Bryan (J)
5. Gabriel Holmes (J)
6. Weldon N. Edwards (J)
7. Archibald McNeill (J)
8. Willie P. Mangum (J), until March 18, 1826
- Daniel L. Barringer (J), from December 4, 1826
9. Romulus M. Saunders (J)
10. John Long (A)
11. Henry W. Connor (J)
12. Samuel P. Carson (J)
13. Lewis Williams (A)

Ohio

1. James Findlay (J)
2. John Woods (A)
3. William McLean (A)
4. Joseph Vance (A)
5. John W. Campbell (A)
6. John Thomson (J)
7. Samuel F. Vinton (A)
8. William Wilson (A)
9. Philemon Beecher (A)
10. David Jennings (A), until May 25, 1826
- Thomas Shannon (A), from December 4, 1826
11. John C. Wright (A)
12. John Sloane (A)
13. Elisha Whittlesey (A)
14. Mordecai Bartley (A)

Pennsylvania

There were six plural districts, the 7th, 8th, 11th & 16th had two representatives each, the 4th & 9th had three representatives each.

1. John Wurts (J)
2. Joseph Hemphill (J), until 1826 (before October 10, 1826 — [data unknown/missing])
- Thomas Kittera (A), from October 10, 1826
3. Daniel H. Miller (J)
4. James Buchanan (J)
4. Samuel Edwards (J)
4. Charles Miner (A)
5. Philip S. Markley (A)
6. Robert Harris (J)
7. William Addams (J)
7. Henry Wilson (J), until August 14, 1826
- Jacob Krebs (J), from December 4, 1826
8. Samuel D. Ingham (J)
8. George Wolf (J)
9. George Kremer (J)
9. Samuel McKean (J)
9. Espy Van Horne (J)
10. James S. Mitchell (J)
11. John Findlay (J)
11. James Wilson (A)
12. John Mitchell (J)
13. Alexander Thomson (J), until May 1, 1826
- Chauncey Forward (J), from December 4, 1826
14. Andrew Stewart (J)
15. Joseph Lawrence (A)
16. James Allison, Jr. (J), until August 26, 1825 (before the assembling of Congress)
- Robert Orr, Jr. (J), from October 11, 1825
16. James S. Stevenson (J)
17. George Plumer (J)
18. Patrick Farrelly (J), until January 12, 1826
- Thomas H. Sill (A), from March 14, 1826

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.

At-large. Tristam Burges (A)
At-large. Dutee J. Pearce (A)

South Carolina

1. Joel R. Poinsett (J), until March 7, 1825
- William Drayton (J), from May 17, 1825
2. James Hamilton, Jr. (J)
3. Thomas R. Mitchell (J)
4. Andrew R. Govan (J)
5. George McDuffie (J)
6. John Wilson (J)
7. Joseph Gist (J)
8. John Carter (J)
9. Starling Tucker (J)

Tennessee

Vermont

1. William C. Bradley (A)
2. Rollin C. Mallary (A)
3. George E. Wales (A)
4. Ezra Meech (J)
5. John Mattocks (A)

Virginia

1. Thomas Newton, Jr. (A)
2. James Trezvant (J)
3. William S. Archer (J)
4. Mark Alexander (J)
5. John Randolph (J), until December 26, 1825
- George W. Crump (J), from January 21, 1826
6. Thomas Davenport (J)
7. Nathaniel H. Claiborne (J)
8. Burwell Bassett (J)
9. Andrew Stevenson (J)
10. William C. Rives (J)
11. Robert Taylor (A)
12. Robert S. Garnett (J)
13. John Taliaferro (A)
14. Charles F. Mercer (A)
15. John S. Barbour (J)
16. William Armstrong (A)
17. Alfred H. Powell (A)
18. Joseph Johnson (J)
19. William McCoy (J)
20. John Floyd (J)
21. William Smith (J)
22. Benjamin Estil (A)

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

This count reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

replacements: 7
- Anti-Jacksonian (A): 3-seat net gain
- Jacksonian (J): no net change
deaths: 4
resignations: 6
interim appointments: 4
Total seats with changes: 13

State (class)	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 7]
New Hampshire (3)	Vacant	Seat remained vacant	Levi Woodbury (J)	Installed March 16, 1825
Connecticut (3)	Vacant	Seat remained vacant	Calvin Willey (A)	Installed May 4, 1825
New York (3)	Vacant	Seat remained vacant	Nathan Sanford (A)	Installed January 14, 1826, after resigning as Chancellor of New York
Virginia (1)	James Barbour (J)	Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of War	John Randolph (J)	Appointed December 26, 1825
Mississippi (1)	David Holmes (J)	Resigned September 25, 1825, after being elected Governor of Mississippi	Powhatan Ellis (J)	Appointed September 28, 1825
Tennessee (2)	Andrew Jackson (J)	Resigned October 14, 1825	Hugh Lawson White (J)	Installed October 28, 1825
Rhode Island (1)	James De Wolf (A)	Resigned October 31, 1825	Asher Robbins (A)	Appointed October 31, 1825
Maryland (3)	Edward Lloyd (J)	Resigned January 14, 1826, after being elected to the Maryland State Senate	Ezekiel F. Chambers (A)	Elected January 24, 1826
Alabama (3)	Henry H. Chambers (J)	Died January 24, 1826	Israel Pickens (J)	Appointed February 17, 1826
Mississippi (1)	Powhatan Ellis (J)	Successor elected January 28, 1826	Thomas B. Reed (J)	Installed January 28, 1826
South Carolina (3)	John Gaillard (J)	Died February 26, 1826	William Harper (J)	Appointed March 8, 1826
Delaware (2)	Nicholas Van Dyke (A)	Died May 21, 1826	Daniel Rodney (A)	Appointed November 8, 1826
Massachusetts (2)	James Lloyd (A)	Resigned May 23, 1826	Nathaniel Silsbee (A)	Installed May 31, 1826
New Jersey (1)	Joseph McIlvaine (A)	Died August 19, 1826	Ephraim Bateman(A)	Installed November 10, 1826
Alabama (3)	Israel Pickens (J)	Successor elected November 27, 1826	John McKinley (J)	Installed November 27, 1826
South Carolina (3)	William Harper (J)	Successor elected November 29, 1826	William Smith (J)	Installed November 29, 1826
Delaware (2)	Daniel Rodney (A)	Resigned January 12, 1827, after successor was elected	Henry M. Ridgely (J)	Installed January 23, 1827

House of Representatives

replacements: 11
- Anti-Jackson: 1 seat net gain
- Jackson: 1 seat net loss
deaths: 5
resignations: 10
contested election: 1
Total seats with changes: 16

District	Vacator	Reason for change	Successor	Date of successor's formal installation[lower-alpha 7]
Kentucky 3rd	Henry Clay (A)	Resigned March 6, 1825, after being appointed US Secretary of State	James Clark (A)	Seated August 1, 1825
South Carolina 1st	Joel R. Poinsett (J)	Resigned March 7, 1825, after being appointed Minister to Mexico	William Drayton (J)	Seated May 17, 1825
Pennsylvania 16th	James Allison, Jr. (J)	Resigned August 26, 1825 before the assembling of Congress	Robert Orr, Jr. (J)	Seated October 11, 1825
New York 20th	Egbert Ten Eyck (J)	Lost contested election December 15, 1825	Daniel Hugunin, Jr. (A)	Seated December 15, 1825
Virginia 5th	John Randolph (J)	Resigned December 26, 1825, after being appointed to the US Senate	George W. Crump (J)	Seated January 21, 1826
Maryland 2nd	Joseph Kent (A)	Resigned January 6, 1826, after being elected Governor of Maryland	John C. Weems (J)	Seated February 1, 1826
Pennsylvania 18th	Patrick Farrelly (J)	Died January 12, 1826	Thomas H. Sill (A)	Seated March 14, 1826
Mississippi At-large	Christopher Rankin (J)	Died March 14, 1826	William Haile (J)	Seated July 10, 1826
North Carolina 8th	Willie P. Mangum (J)	Resigned March 18, 1826	Daniel L. Barringer (J)	Seated December 4, 1826
Pennsylvania 13th	Alexander Thomson (J)	Resigned May 1, 1826	Chauncey Forward (J)	Seated December 4, 1826
Ohio 10th	David Jennings (A)	Resigned May 25, 1826	Thomas Shannon (A)	Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky 5th	James Johnson (J)	Died August 13, 1826	Robert L. McHatton (J)	Seated December 7, 1826
Pennsylvania 7th	Henry Wilson (J)	Died August 14, 1826	Jacob Krebs (J)	Seated December 4, 1826
Kentucky 12th	Robert P. Henry (J)	Died August 25, 1826	John F. Henry (A)	Seated December 11, 1826
Maine 5th	Enoch Lincoln (A)	Resigned before September 11, 1826	James W. Ripley (J)	Seated September 11, 1826
Pennsylvania 2nd	Joseph Hemphill (J)	Resigned before October 10, 1826	Thomas Kittera (A)	Seated October 10, 1826

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

Agriculture (Chairman: William Findlay then Calvin Willey)
Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: Horatio Seymour then Elias Kane)
Bankruptcy (Select)
Claims (Chairman: Benjamin Ruggles)
Commerce (Chairman: James Lloyd then Josiah S. Johnston)
Debt Imprisonment Abolition (Select)
Distributing Public Revenue Among the States (Select)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Edward Lloyd then Ezekiel F. Chambers)
Engrossed Bills (Chairman: William Marks)
Finance (Chairman: Samuel Smith)
Foreign Relations (Chairman: Nathaniel Macon then Littleton Tazewell)
French Spoilations (Select)
Georgia and the Creek Indians (Select)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: Thomas Hart Benton)
Judiciary (Chairman: Martin Van Buren)
Manufactures (Chairman: Mahlon Dickerson)
Military Affairs (Chairman: William Henry Harrison)
Militia (Chairman: John Chandler)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Robert Y. Hayne)
Pensions (Chairman: James Noble)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Richard M. Johnson
Private Land Claims (Chairman: William South)
Public Lands (Chairman: David Barton)
Roads and Canals (Select) (Chairman: William Hendricks)
Tariff Regulation (Select)
Whole

House of Representatives

Accounts (Chairman: Samuel C. Allen)
Agriculture (Chairman: Stephen Van Rensselaer)
American Colonization Society (Select)
Apportionment of Representatives (Select)
Bills of Exchange (Select)
Claims (Chairman: Lewis Williams)
Commerce (Chairman: Thomas Newton, Jr. then Gideon Tomlinson)
District of Columbia (Chairman: Mark Alexander)
Elections (Chairman: John Sloane)
Expenditures in the Navy Department (Chairman: Jeremiah O'Brien)
Expenditures in the Post Office Department (Chairman: William Wilson)
Expenditures in the State Department (Chairman: John Bailey)
Expenditures in the Treasury Department (Chairman: William Burleigh)
Expenditures in the War Department (Chairman: John Mattocks)
Expenditures on Public Buildings (Chairman: Joseph Johnson)
Foreign Affairs (Chairman: John Forsyth)
Indian Affairs (Chairman: John Cocke)
Judiciary (Chairman: Daniel Webster)
Manufactures (Chairman: Rollin C. Mallary)
Military Affairs (Chairman: James Hamilton, Jr.)
Military Pensions (Chairman: Tristram Burges)
Naval Affairs (Chairman: Henry R. Storrs)
Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: Samuel D. Ingham)
Public Expenditures (Chairman: Weldon N. Edwards)
Public Lands (Chairman: Christopher Rankin then John Scott)
Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: Thomas P. Moore)
Revolutionary Claims (Chairman: Robert Allen)
Rules (Select)
Standards of Official Conduct
Territories (Chairman: James Strong)
Ways and Means (Chairman: Louis McLane)
Whole

Joint committees

Enrolled Bills
The Library
Police and Preservation of the Capital

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

Chaplain: Charles P. McIlvaine (Episcopal), until December 12, 1825
- William Staughton (Baptist), elected December 12, 1825
- William Ryland (Methodist), elected December 8, 1826
Secretary: Charles Cutts, until December 12, 1825
- Walter Lowrie, elected December 12, 1825
Sergeant at Arms: Mountjoy Bayly

House of Representatives

Chaplain: Reuben Post (Presbyterian)
Clerk: Matthew St. Clair Clarke
Doorkeeper: Benjamin Birch
Reading Clerks: [data unknown/missing]
Sergeant at Arms: John O. Dunn

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gollark: That would distance people in esolangs substantially from APIONET, as nobody actually uses #b.

gollark: I see.

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Notes

Adams & Clay factions
Jackson faction
Crawford faction
Adams & Clay factions
Jackson faction
Crawford faction
This is the date the member was seated or an oath administered, not necessarily the same date her/his service began.

References

Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Adams & Clay factions

[2] Jackson faction

[3] Crawford faction

[4] Adams & Clay factions

[5] Jackson faction

[6] Crawford faction

[SuccessorInstallation-7] This is the date the member was seated or an oath administered, not necessarily the same date her/his service began.

19th United States Congress

Major events

Major legislation

Treaties signed

Party summary

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

House of Representatives

Members

Senate

Alabama

Connecticut

Delaware

Georgia

Illinois

Indiana

Kentucky

Louisiana

Maine

Maryland

Massachusetts

Mississippi

Missouri

New Hampshire

New Jersey

New York

North Carolina

Ohio

Pennsylvania

Rhode Island

South Carolina

Tennessee

Vermont

Virginia

House of Representatives

Non-voting members

Changes in membership

Senate

House of Representatives

Committees

Senate

House of Representatives

Joint committees

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

Senate

House of Representatives

See also

Notes

References

External links