2005 Basque regional election

The 2005 Basque regional election was held on Sunday, 17 April 2005, to elect the 8th Parliament of the Basque Autonomous Community. All 75 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

2005 Basque regional election

17 April 2005
All 75 seats in the Basque Parliament 38 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Registered	1,799,523 0.8%
Turnout	1,223,634 (68.0%) 11.0 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Juan José Ibarretxe Patxi López María San Gil Party PNV–EA PSE–EE (PSOE) PP Leader since 31 January 1998 23 March 2002 6 November 2004 Leader's seat Álava Biscay Guipúzcoa Last election 33 seats, 42.4% 13 seats, 17.8% 19 seats, 22.9% Seats won 29 18 15 Seat change 4 5 4 Popular vote 468,117 274,546 210,614 Percentage 38.4% 22.5% 17.3% Swing 4.0 pp 4.7 pp 5.6 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Maite Aranburu Javier Madrazo Aintzane Ezenarro Party PCTV/EHAK EB–B Aralar Leader since 2005 14 May 1994 14 November 2004 Leader's seat Biscay Biscay Guipúzcoa Last election 7 seats, 10.0%[lower-alpha 1] 3 seats, 5.5%[lower-alpha 2] Did not contest Seats won 9 3 1 Seat change 2 0 1 Popular vote 150,644 65,023 28,180 Percentage 12.4% 5.3% 2.3% Swing 2.4 pp 0.2 pp New party
Constituency results map for the Basque Parliament
Lehendakari before election Juan José Ibarretxe EAJ/PNV Elected Lehendakari Juan José Ibarretxe EAJ/PNV

The electoral coalition Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNV–EA) won 29 seats, the Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE) came second with 18 seats, the People's Party (PP) came in third with 15 seats. The controversial Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK) won 9 seats, having been endorsed by the banned Batasuna party.

Overview

Electoral system

The Basque Parliament was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of the Basque Country, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution of 1978 and the regional Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a lehendakari.[1]

Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in the Basque Country and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 75 members of the Basque Parliament were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Álava, Biscay and Guipúzcoa, being allocated a fixed number of 25 seats each to provide for an equal representation of the three provinces in parliament as required under the regional statute of autonomy.[1][2] This meant that Álava was allocated the same number of seats as Biscay and Gipuzkoa, despite their populations being, as of 1 January 2005: 298,830, 1,132,163 and 684,269, respectively.[3]

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[4]

Election date

The term of the Basque Parliament expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The election decree was required to be issued no later than the twenty-fifth day prior to the date of expiry of parliament and published on the following day in the Official Gazette of the Basque Country (BOPV), with election day taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication. The previous election was held on 13 May 2001, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 13 May 2005. The election decree was required to be published in the BOPV no later than 19 April 2005, with the election taking place on the fifty-fourth day from publication, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Sunday, 12 June 2005.[1][2]

The lehendakari had the prerogative to dissolve the Basque Parliament at any given time and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a lehendakari within a sixty-day period from the Parliament re-assembly, the Parliament was to be dissolved and a fresh election called.[5]

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[2][6]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy		Parties and alliances	Leading candidate		Ideology	Previous result		Gov.	Ref.
						Votes (%)	Seats
	PNV–EA	List Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) Basque Solidarity (EA)		Juan José Ibarretxe	Basque nationalism Christian democracy Conservative liberalism	42.38%	33	Y
	PP	List People's Party (PP)		María San Gil	Conservatism Christian democracy	22.93%	19	N	[7] [8] [9]
	UA	List Alavese Unity (UA)		Enriqueta Benito	Alavese regionalism Christian democracy			N
	PSE–EE (PSOE)	List Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))		Patxi López	Social democracy	17.76%	13	N	[10] [11]
	PCTV/EHAK	List Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK)		Maite Aranburu	Basque independence Left-wing nationalism Communism	10.04%[lower-alpha 1]	7	N
	EB–B	List United Left–Greens (EB–B)		Javier Madrazo	Eco-socialism Social democracy Democratic socialism	5.53%[lower-alpha 2]	3	Y
	Aralar	List Aralar (Aralar)		Aintzane Ezenarro	Basque independence Left-wing nationalism Democratic socialism	Did not contest		N

Opinion polls

The table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 38 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Basque Parliament.

Color key:

  Exit poll

Polling firm/Commissioner	Fieldwork date	Sample size	Turnout	PNV									Lead
2005 regional election	17 Apr 2005	N/A	68.0	38.4 29	17.3 15	22.5 18	–	5.3 3	[lower-alpha 3]	0.3 0	2.3 1	12.4 9	15.9
TNS Demoscopia/Antena 3[lower-roman 1][p 1][p 2]	17 Apr 2005	?	?	? 28/30	? 14/15	? 18	–	? 3	[lower-alpha 3]	–	? 1	? 9/10	?
Ipsos–Eco/EiTB[lower-roman 1][p 3][p 4]	17 Apr 2005	65,000	?	? 29/31	? 13/14	? 18	–	? 3	[lower-alpha 3]	–	? 1	? 9/10	?
Ipsos–Eco/RTVE[p 1][p 3][p 5]	17 Apr 2005	?	?	40.3 30/33	16.2 13/15	22.5 18/19	–	6.0 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	2.3 0/1	11.0 7/8	17.8
TNS Demoscopia/Antena 3[p 1][p 3][p 5]	17 Apr 2005	?	?	39.9 31/33	18.0 14/16	18.2 15/17	–	6.1 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.1 1	11.3 7/8	21.7
Opina/Cadena SER[p 3][p 5]	17 Apr 2005	?	?	42.0 31/33	16.0 14/15	21.5 17/18	–	? 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	? 0/1	7.0 5/6	20.5
Opina/El País[p 6][p 7]	10 Apr 2005	?	?	42.7 34/35	15.1 14/15	21.6 18/19	–	7.6 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	2.3 1	4.3 2/4	21.1
Opina/Cadena SER[p 8][p 9]	10 Apr 2005	?	?	42.7 34	15.1 13/14	21.6 18/19	(3.4)	7.6 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	2.3 1	4.3 2/3	21.1
Opina/Cadena SER[p 10][p 11]	9 Apr 2005	?	?	44.3 35/36	14.5 13	23.2 18/20	(2.9)	6.6 4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	2.6 1	3.7 2/3	21.1
Opina/Cadena SER[p 12]	8 Apr 2005	?	?	45.7 38/39	14.5 13	23.5 19/20	(3.3)	6.3 4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	1.9 0	2.7 0	22.2
Opina/Cadena SER[p 12]	7 Apr 2005	?	?	43.5 37/38	15.6 13	24.5 20/21	(3.3)	6.4 4	[lower-alpha 3]	0.2 0	1.6 0	2.5 0	22.2
Sigma Dos/El Mundo[p 13][p 14]	5–7 Apr 2005	1,000	?	45.6 35/37	18.3 15/16	20.8 15/18	–	5.5 3	[lower-alpha 3]	–	1.9 0/1	6.6 4	24.8
Noxa/La Vanguardia[p 15]	4–7 Apr 2005	900	?	46.5 34/36	19.7 16	23.2 19	–	6.9 3/5	[lower-alpha 3]	? 0/1	? 0/1	–	23.3
			?	42.9 32/34	18.2 15	21.4 17/19	–	6.4 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	0.6 0/1	2.1 0/1	8.4 5	21.5
Ikertalde/GPS[p 16][p 17]	1–7 Apr 2005	2,002	72.5	42.7 34	15.8 13	21.3 18	–	6.7 3	[lower-alpha 3]	0.2 0	2.6 1	9.7 6	21.4
Opina/Cadena SER[p 18][p 19]	6 Apr 2005	?	?	45.7 37/39	15.4 13	21.4 19/20	(4.6)	6.8 5	[lower-alpha 3]	0.2 0	2.0 0	1.2 0	24.3
LKS/Diario de Noticias[p 20]	30 Mar–6 Apr 2005	1,500	75	? 33/35	? 16/17	? 15/17	–	? 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	? 0/1	? 5	?
Opina/Cadena SER[p 21]	5 Apr 2005	?	?	45.5 36/38	15.3 13	20.6 18/20	(6.4)	6.7 5	[lower-alpha 3]	0.2 0	2.3 1	0.2 0	24.9
Opina/Cadena SER[p 21]	4 Apr 2005	?	?	45.5 37/39	16.0 12	21.5 19/20	–	6.5 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.5 1	–	24.0
CIS[p 22][p 23][p 24]	29 Mar–4 Apr 2005	1,495	?	42.5 34/35	17.8 16/17	22.2 19	–	6.2 4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	2.7 1	–	20.3
Opina/Cadena SER[p 21]	3 Apr 2005	?	?	45.0 38/40	16.0 12	21.5 18/19	–	7.0 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.5 1	–	23.5
Bergareche/Vocento[p 25][p 26]	1–3 Apr 2005	3,100	?	40.4 32/35	20.8 16/19	18.3 15/17	(6.9)	7.4 4/6	[lower-alpha 3]	0.3 0	3.7 1/2	–	19.6
Opina/Cadena SER[p 21][p 27]	1 Apr 2005	?	?	44.8 38/39	16.0 12	21.0 19	–	7.0 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.5 0/1	–	23.8
Celeste-Tel/La Razón[p 28]	29 Mar–1 Apr 2005	801	?	42.9 34/37	18.9 15/18	22.9 18/21	–	6.0 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	1.6 1	–	20.0
Opina/Cadena SER[p 21][p 29]	31 Mar 2005	?	?	44.8 38/39	16.6 13/14	20.6 17/18	–	7.0 4/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.5 0/1	–	24.2
CIS[p 30][p 31][p 32]	22 Feb–16 Mar 2005	1,499	?	42.8 35/37	19.1 17	22.2 18/19	–	6.2 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	0.5 0	1.2 0	–	20.6
PSE[p 33]	1–11 Mar 2005	?	?	41.2 33/35	? 15/16	23.7 21/22	–	? 3	[lower-alpha 3]	–	? 1	–	17.5
Bergareche/Vocento[p 34]	1–8 Mar 2005	3,100	?	43.3 35/36	19.9 16/18	20.4 17/20	(5.3)	6.2 3/5	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.2 1/3	–	22.9
Opina/El País[p 35]	24–25 Feb 2005	1,500	?	45.5 36/37	19.5 17	22.0 18	–	6.5 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	–	–	–	23.5
Ikertalde/GPS[p 36]	18 Jan–2 Feb 2005	2,874	75.0	41.1 32	15.8 13	22.3 19	9.4 7	6.7 3	[lower-alpha 3]	0.3 0	2.9 1	–	18.8
CPS/EHU[p 37][p 38][p 39]	8–26 Nov 2004	1,200	76	42.4 33/35	18.1 15/16	23.6 21/22	–	5.8 3	[lower-alpha 3]	–	3.1 1	–	18.8
2004 EP election	13 Jun 2004	N/A	44.6	35.3 26	21.0 17	28.2 24	–	4.2 3	7.8 5	–	1.3 0	–	7.1
CPS/EHU[p 40][p 41][p 42]	3–28 May 2004	1,800	75	43.7 32/34	17.5 14/15	25.6 22/23	–	6.1 3	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	4.3 2	–	18.1
2004 general election	14 Mar 2004	N/A	75.0	33.7 25	18.9 16	27.2 22	–	8.2 6	6.5 5	–	3.1 1	–	6.5
CPS/EHU[p 43][p 44][p 45]	3–21 Nov 2003	1,800	70	44.3 33	24.1 21	19.0 16/17	–	6.7 3/4	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	? 1	–	20.2
2003 foral elections	25 May 2003	N/A	70.0	45.3 35	19.6 16	21.6 17	–	8.1 5	[lower-alpha 3]	0.6 1	3.2 1	–	23.7
2003 local elections	25 May 2003	N/A	69.9	43.9	18.7	22.1	0.9	8.0	[lower-alpha 3]	0.5	1.5	–	21.8
CPS/EHU[p 40][p 46]	1–20 Nov 2002	1,200	?	42.1 31	21.3 18	19.0 16	9.3 6	6.7 4	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	20.8
CIS[p 47][p 48][p 49]	9 Sep–9 Oct 2002	579	74.2	38.8	21.1	19.1	7.9	5.6	5.6	–	–	–	17.7
CPS/EHU[p 40]	15–30 May 2001	?	?	43.6 33	20.8 19	18.0 14	9.8 6	6.3 3	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	22.8
CPS/EHU[p 40]	2–21 Nov 2001	?	?	43.5 33	21.0 19	18.1 13	9.8 7	6.1 3	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	22.5
2001 regional election	13 May 2001	N/A	79.0	42.4 33	22.9 19	17.8 13	10.0 7	5.5 3	[lower-alpha 3]	[lower-alpha 4]	–	–	19.5
Quick count.

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 17 April 2005 Basque Parliament election results →

Parties and coalitions		Popular vote			Seats
		Votes	%	±pp	Total	+/−
	Basque Nationalist Party–Basque Solidarity (PNV–EA)	468,117	38.38	–4.00	29	–4
	Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE))	274,546	22.51	+4.75	18	+5
	People's Party (PP)	210,614	17.27	–5.66	15	–4
	Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (PCTV/EHAK)^1	150,644	12.35	+2.31	9	+2
	United Left–Greens (EB–B)^2	65,023	5.33	–0.20	3	±0
	Aralar (Aralar)	28,180	2.31	New	1	+1
	Alavese Unity (UA)	4,117	0.34	New	0	±0
	Greens–Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (B–PACMA)	4,049	0.33	New	0	±0
	Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI)	2,354	0.19	New	0	±0
	Humanist Party (PH)	1,514	0.12	–0.14	0	±0
	For a Fairer World (PUM+J)	1,261	0.10	New	0	±0
	Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC)	179	0.01	–0.03	0	±0
Blank ballots		9,001	0.74	–0.07
Total		1,219,599			75	±0
Valid votes		1,219,599	99.67	+0.10
Invalid votes		4,035	0.33	–0.10
Votes cast / turnout		1,223,634	68.00	–10.97
Abstentions		575,889	32.00	+10.97
Registered voters		1,799,523
Sources[12][13]

Popular vote PNV–EA   38.38% PSE–EE (PSOE)   22.51% PP   17.27% PCTV/EHAK   12.35% EB–B   5.33% Aralar   2.31% Others   1.10% Blank ballots   0.74%

Seats PNV–EA   38.67% PSE–EE (PSOE)   24.00% PP   20.00% PCTV/EHAK   12.00% EB–B   4.00% Aralar   1.33%

Distribution by constituency

Constituency	PNV–EA		PSE–EE		PP		EHAK		EB–B		Aralar
	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S	%	S
Álava	30.4	8	25.3	7	25.8	7	13.2	2	4.9	1	1.5	–
Biscay	40.7	11	23.2	6	17.5	5	10.0	2	5.5	1	1.6	–
Guipúzcoa	38.0	10	20.1	5	13.2	3	18.1	5	5.2	1	3.9	1
Total	38.4	29	22.5	18	17.3	15	12.4	9	5.3	3	2.3	1
Sources[12][13]

Aftermath

Investiture
Ballot →		22 June 2005[lower-alpha 5]		23 June 2005[lower-alpha 5]
Required majority →		38 out of 75		Simple
	Juan José Ibarretxe (PNV) • PNV (21) • EA (8) • EB–B (3) • EHAK (2)	34 / 75	N	34 / 75	Y
	Patxi López (PSE–EE) • PSE–EE (18) • PP (15)	33 / 75	N	33 / 75	N
	Blank ballots • Aralar (1)	1 / 75		1 / 75
	Absentees	0 / 75		0 / 75
Sources[12]

Notes

1. Results for Basque Citizens in the 2001 election.
2. Results for United Left in the 2001 election.
3. Within PNV.
4. Within PP.
5. 7 EHAK MPs cast invalid ballots in the 22 and 23 June votes.

References

Opinion poll sources

1. "SONDEOS Y MUESTREOS: Baja el PNV, sube ETA y el PSE se coloca como segunda fuerza". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
2. "La jornada electoral, al minuto". El Mundo (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
3. "Ibarretxe gana las elecciones pero no logra una mayoría clara para llevar adelante su plan". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
4. "El PSOE y el PP se consolidan por delante del tripartito". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 17 April 2005. Archived from the original on 18 April 2005.
5. "PNV-EA ganaría elecciones vascas sin mayoría absoluta-sondeos". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 17 April 2005.
6. "La irrupción del voto radical dificulta la mayoría absoluta del tripartito vasco". El País (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
7. "El voto a los radicales de EHAK pone en peligro la mayoría absoluta del actual Gobierno vasco". El País (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
8. "El PNV afronta la recta final de la campaña a cuatro escaños de la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 11 April 2005.
9. "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 11/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 11 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005.
10. "El Partido Comunista de las Tierras Vascas, heredero del voto de Batasuna, aleja al PNV de la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
11. "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 10/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 10 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005.
12. "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 09/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 9 April 2005. Archived from the original on 11 April 2005.
13. "El tripartito obtendrá mayoría absoluta en las elecciones vascas y el PCTV logrará cuatro escaños". El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
14. "Intención de voto en el País Vasco". El Mundo (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
15. "El PNV repite victoria pero apenas avanza". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
16. "Elecciones Autonómicas 2005. Previsiones de voto (Abril 2005)" (PDF). Eusko Jaurlaritza (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
17. "Vitoria tampoco da mayoría a PNV-EA". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 9 April 2005.
18. "Ibarretxe asegura que "el clamor de la sociedad vasca" forzará la negociación entre Euskadi y Madrid". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 7 April 2005.
19. "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 07/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 7 April 2005. Archived from the original on 7 April 2005.
20. "Dos sondeos quitan la mayoría absoluta al tripartito y otorgan entre cinco y seis escaños al PCTV". Libertad Digital (in Spanish). 9 April 2005.
21. "Intención de voto elecciones autonómicas 2005. Total País Vasco (Pulsómetro 06/04/2005)". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 6 April 2005. Archived from the original on 8 April 2005.
22. "Preelectoral del País Vasco. Elecciones autonómicas 2005 (Estudio nº 2598. Marzo-Abril 2005)" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
23. "Estudio CIS nº 2598. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
24. "PNV-EA ganaría pero necesitaría a EB para obtener la mayoría, según una encuesta del CIS". El Mundo (in Spanish). 8 April 2005.
25. "El tripartito PNV-EA-EB consolida su mayoría a la espera del "efecto EHAK"". ABC (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
26. "Intención de voto". ABC (in Spanish). 10 April 2005.
27. "Segundo Pulsómetro: PNV-EA sigue manteniendo la mayoría absoluta". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 2 April 2005.
28. "LA RAZÓN. 2005eko apirilak 3". Celeste-Tel (in Basque). 3 April 2005. Archived from the original on 19 June 2006.
29. "La coalición PNV-EA lograría mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento Vasco". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 1 April 2005.
30. "Situación política y social del País Vasco, XIV (Estudio nº 2593. Febrero-Marzo 2005)". CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 2005.
31. "Estudio CIS nº 2593. Ficha técnica" (PDF). CIS (in Spanish). 30 March 2005.
32. "El PNV roza la mayoría absoluta o se la asegura con IU, según el CIS". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 31 March 2005.
33. "La última encuesta socialista". ABC (in Spanish). 21 March 2005.
34. "PNV-EA-EB alcanzan la mayoría absoluta". ABC (in Spanish). 20 March 2005.
35. "El tripartito vasco alcanza la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 27 February 2005.
36. "Elecciones Autonómicas 2005. Previsiones de voto (Febrero 2005)" (PDF). Eusko Jaurlaritza (in Spanish). February 2005.
37. "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Noviembre 2004)". EHU (in Spanish). 20 January 2005. Archived from the original on 22 January 2005.
38. "PNV-EA ganaría elecciones Euskadi, sin mayoría absoluta -sondeo". 20 minutos (in Spanish). 20 January 2005.
39. "La coalición PNV-EA ganaría los comicios vascos sin mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 21 January 2005.
40. "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Mayo 2004)". EHU (in Spanish). 16 July 2004. Archived from the original on 11 August 2004.
41. "El Euskobarómetro no concede mayoría absoluta al tripartito vasco". Cadena SER (in Spanish). 16 July 2004.
42. "El Gobierno tripartito vasco no lograría hoy la mayoría absoluta". El País (in Spanish). 17 July 2004.
43. "Estimaciones Electorales del Euskobarómetro al Parlamento Vasco (Noviembre 2003)". EHU (in Spanish). 16 January 2004. Archived from the original on 18 February 2004.
44. "La mayoría absoluta en el Parlamento vasco dependería del escaño que disputan PSE e IU". ABC (in Spanish). 17 January 2004.
45. "El PNV y EA no consiguen mayoría absoluta, pese a la ausencia de Batasuna". El País (in Spanish). 17 January 2004.
46. "Encuesta Euskobarómetro (Noviembre de 2002)". EHU (in Spanish). 20 November 2002. Archived from the original on 3 March 2003.
47. "Instituciones y autonomías, II. CA del País Vasco (Estudio nº 2455. Septiembre-Octubre 2002)". CIS (in Spanish). 19 November 2002.
48. "El PP, partido más votado en diez Comunidades Autónomas" (PDF). El Mundo (in Spanish). 19 November 2002.
49. "El PP ganaría las autonómicas en diez Comunidades y el PSOE en cuatro, según el CIS". ABC (in Spanish). 20 November 2002.

Other

1. "Ley Orgánica 3/1979, de 18 de diciembre, de Estatuto de Autonomía para el País Vasco". Organic Law No. 3 of 18 December 1979. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
2. "Ley 5/1990, de 15 de junio, de Elecciones al Parlamento Vasco". Law No. 5 of 15 June 1990. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
3. "Series detalladas desde 2002. Resultados por Provincias. Población residente por fecha, sexo y edad". ine.es (in Spanish). National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
4. Gallagher, Michael (30 July 2012). "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 22 July 2017.
5. "Ley 7/1981, de 30 de junio, sobre Ley de Gobierno". Law No. 7 of 30 June 1981. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2017.
6. "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General". Organic Law No. 5 of 19 June 1985. Boletín Oficial del Estado (in Spanish). Retrieved 28 December 2016.
7. "María San Gil liderará el PP en el País Vasco tras el congreso nacional". El Mundo (in Spanish). 25 June 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
8. "María San Gil será la candidata a 'lehendakari' por el PP para las próximas elecciones autonómicas". El Mundo (in Spanish). 25 June 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
9. "María San Gil, elegida presidenta del PP vasco con el 88% de los votos". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 6 November 2004. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
10. "Patxi López liderará a los socialistas vascos con un apoyo mayoritario del 57%". El País (in Spanish). 23 March 2002. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
11. "El hombre-talante vasco". El Mundo (in Spanish). 1 March 2005. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
12. "Basque Parliament elections since 1980". historiaelectoral.com (in Spanish). Electoral History. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
13. "Election Results Archive". euskadi.eus (in Spanish). Basque Government. Retrieved 24 September 2017.