Ridgecrest, California

Ridgecrest is a city in Kern County, California, United States, along U.S. Route 395 in the Indian Wells Valley in northeastern Kern County, adjacent to the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS, or China Lake). It was incorporated as a city in 1963. The population was 27,616 at the 2010 census, up from 24,927 at the 2000 census.

Ridgecrest, California
City
College Heights Blvd., Ridgecrest
Seal
Location in Kern County and the state of California
Ridgecrest
Location in the United States
Ridgecrest
Ridgecrest (California)
Ridgecrest
Ridgecrest (the United States)
Coordinates: 35°37′21″N 117°40′15″W
Country United States
State California
CountyKern
IncorporatedNovember 29, 1963[1]
Government
 • MayorPeggy Breeden[2]
 • State senatorShannon Grove (R)[3]
 • AssemblymemberVince Fong (R)[4]
 • U. S. rep.Kevin McCarthy (R)[5]
Area
 • Total21.53 sq mi (55.76 km2)
 • Land20.88 sq mi (54.08 km2)
 • Water0.65 sq mi (1.69 km2)  3.04%
Elevation2,290 ft (698 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total27,616
 • Estimate 
(2019)[8]
28,973
 • Density1,387.60/sq mi (535.75/km2)
Time zoneUTC−08:00 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−07:00 (PDT)
ZIP Codes
93555–93556
Area codes442 and 760
FIPS code06-60704
GNIS feature IDs1652783, 2410944
Websitewww.ridgecrest-ca.gov

Ridgecrest is surrounded by four mountain ranges; the Sierra Nevada on the west, the Cosos on the north, the Argus Range on the east, and the El Paso Mountains on the south. It is approximately 82 miles (132 km) from the Lancaster/Palmdale area, 110 miles (177 km) from Bakersfield, and 120 miles (193 km) from San Bernardino, the three nearest major urban centers. Private air travel in and out of the city is provided through the Inyokern Airport. There are currently no scheduled commercial flights.

The city has been near the epicenter of major earthquakes, including one in 1995 and a series of quakes in July 2019.

History

The settlement began as a farming community called Crumville in 1912,[9] honoring James and Robert Crum, local dairymen.[9] The first post office opened in 1941. By 1943, Ridgecrest had grown to 115 homes and 196 residents. NOTS (Naval Ordnance Test Station) was established in November 1943, providing a strong job base for the years to come.[9]

Ridgecrest incorporated in 1963.[9] During this era the growth of Ridgecrest was governed by the continuing needs of the high tech industries coupled to the Naval Station's programs for testing arms and guidance systems.

Geography
Overview shot of Ridgecrest, from the west on CA-178

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.4 square miles (55.4 km2), of which 20.8 sq mi (53.9 km2) is land and 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2) of it (3.04%) is water. Ridgecrest is located in Indian Wells Valley, which is a southern extension of Owens Valley, broken up by the volcanic Coso Range.

1995 earthquake

The area, associated with the Eastern California Shear Zone, has in the past experienced numerous earthquake swarms, groups of several thousand quakes under magnitude 6.0 or so, often with no obvious mainshock. The 1995 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence started on August 17, when a magnitude 5.4 quake, centered 18 kilometers (11 mi) north of the town of Ridgecrest, shook the area and spawned over 2,500 aftershocks over the course of the following five weeks. Then, on September 20, 1995, the second large quake struck the area: it measured magnitude 5.8, and was at that time the largest earthquake to hit southern California since the 1994 Northridge earthquake.[10]

2019 earthquakes
Main article: 2019 Ridgecrest earthquakes

On July 4–5, 2019, Ridgecrest was associated with a series of earthquakes, including the largest to affect the area in decades, measuring 7.1 magnitude. The epicenter was about 10 miles northeast of Ridgecrest.[11] The earthquake sequence started with a 4.0 quake 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) southwest of Searles Valley, then at 10:33 A.M. a 6.4 quake struck 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) southwest of Searles Valley. Over 1,400 aftershocks struck Searles Valley and Ridgecrest.[12][13] On July 5, 2019 at 8:19 P.M., the magnitude 7.1 earthquake occurred, with the epicenter approximately 10 miles northeast of Ridgecrest.[14]

Climate

The weather in the Indian Wells Valley is predominantly influenced by its high desert location. The climate is characterized by hot days and cool nights with extremely arid conditions prevailing throughout the summer months. The mean annual maximum temperature for the Ridgecrest area is 75 °F (24 °C) while the mean annual minimum temperature is 48 °F (9 °C). There are wide annual temperature fluctuations that occur from a high of 119 °F (48 °C) to a low of 1 °F (−17 °C). On average, annual rainfall is less than 5 inches (130 mm) "equivalent rainfall" per year, which includes less than 2 inches (51 mm) of snow. The area is known to have wind as high as 75 mph (121 km/h). December is the coolest month with an average maximum temperature of 60 °F (16 °C) and an average minimum temperature of 30 °F (−1 °C). The all-time minimum temperature of 1 °F (−17 °C) was recorded on December 23, 1963, and January 7, 1973.

July is the hottest month with an average maximum temperature of 103 °F (39 °C) and an average minimum temperature of 66 °F (19 °C). The all-time maximum temperature of 119 °F (48 °C) was recorded on July 31, 1971.

Climate data for Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 78
(26)		 89
(32)		 92
(33)		 104
(40)		 108
(42)		 118
(48)		 119
(48)		 114
(46)		 109
(43)		 103
(39)		 89
(32)		 77
(25)		 119
(48)
Average high °F (°C) 61.3
(16.3)		 63.7
(17.6)		 74.4
(23.6)		 76.1
(24.5)		 85.9
(29.9)		 98.2
(36.8)		 101.8
(38.8)		 101.9
(38.8)		 94.3
(34.6)		 81.2
(27.3)		 64.3
(17.9)		 58.5
(14.7)		 80.1
(26.7)
Average low °F (°C) 30.6
(−0.8)		 34.6
(1.4)		 40.1
(4.5)		 45.6
(7.6)		 52.8
(11.6)		 63.1
(17.3)		 68.4
(20.2)		 67.4
(19.7)		 59.4
(15.2)		 48.3
(9.1)		 33.8
(1.0)		 26.1
(−3.3)		 47.5
(8.6)
Record low °F (°C) 6
(−14)		 12
(−11)		 21
(−6)		 27
(−3)		 38
(3)		 42
(6)		 50
(10)		 51
(11)		 39
(4)		 24
(−4)		 18
(−8)		 8
(−13)		 6
(−14)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.88
(22)		 0.79
(20)		 0.78
(20)		 0.13
(3.3)		 0.11
(2.8)		 0.02
(0.51)		 0.09
(2.3)		 0.31
(7.9)		 0.24
(6.1)		 0.18
(4.6)		 0.27
(6.9)		 0.47
(12)		 4.27
(108.41)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.8
(2.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.5
(1.3)		 1.3
(3.3)
Source: [15]
Climate data for Inyokern, California
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)		 86
(30)		 93
(34)		 100
(38)		 112
(44)		 114
(46)		 119
(48)		 114
(46)		 110
(43)		 105
(41)		 88
(31)		 84
(29)		 119
(48)
Average high °F (°C) 59.6
(15.3)		 64.8
(18.2)		 70.3
(21.3)		 77.7
(25.4)		 87.0
(30.6)		 96.7
(35.9)		 102.7
(39.3)		 101.2
(38.4)		 94.2
(34.6)		 83.2
(28.4)		 69.0
(20.6)		 59.7
(15.4)		 80.5
(27.0)
Average low °F (°C) 30.8
(−0.7)		 34.6
(1.4)		 38.7
(3.7)		 44.3
(6.8)		 52.9
(11.6)		 60.5
(15.8)		 66.2
(19.0)		 64.6
(18.1)		 58.1
(14.5)		 48.2
(9.0)		 37.3
(2.9)		 30.2
(−1.0)		 47.2
(8.4)
Record low °F (°C) 1
(−17)		 9
(−13)		 15
(−9)		 21
(−6)		 26
(−3)		 38
(3)		 46
(8)		 45
(7)		 35
(2)		 20
(−7)		 14
(−10)		 5
(−15)		 1
(−17)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.74
(19)		 0.95
(24)		 0.55
(14)		 0.17
(4.3)		 0.07
(1.8)		 0.02
(0.51)		 0.16
(4.1)		 0.22
(5.6)		 0.20
(5.1)		 0.10
(2.5)		 0.38
(9.7)		 0.59
(15)		 4.15
(105.61)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 0.3
(0.76)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.1
(0.25)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.0
(0.0)		 0.2
(0.51)		 0.6
(1.52)
Source: [16]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
19502,028—
19605,099151.4%
19707,62949.6%
198015,929108.8%
199027,72574.1%
200024,927−10.1%
201027,61610.8%
Est. 201928,973[8]4.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[17]

2010

The 2010 United States Census[18] reported that Ridgecrest had a population of 27,616. The population density was 1,289.5 people per square mile (497.9/km2). The racial makeup of Ridgecrest was 21,387 (77.4%) White, 1,113 (4.0%) African American, 341 (1.2%) Native American, 1,209 (4.4%) Asian, 143 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 1,836 (6.6%) from other races, and 1,587 (5.7%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4,941 persons (17.9%).

The Census reported that 27,420 people (99.3% of the population) lived in households, 109 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 87 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 10,781 households, out of which 3,901 (36.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 5,211 (48.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 1,352 (12.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 609 (5.6%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 681 (6.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 64 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 2,978 households (27.6%) were made up of individuals, and 1,001 (9.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54. There were 7,172 families (66.5% of all households); the average family size was 3.10.

The population was spread out, with 7,544 people (27.3%) under the age of 18, 2,654 people (9.6%) aged 18 to 24, 7,157 people (25.9%) aged 25 to 44, 6,844 people (24.8%) aged 45 to 64, and 3,417 people (12.4%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.9 males.

There were 11,915 housing units at an average density of 556.3 per square mile (214.8/km2), of which 6,525 (60.5%) were owner-occupied, and 4,256 (39.5%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.9%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.2%. 16,520 people (59.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 10,900 people (39.5%) lived in rental housing units.

2000
Sunset in Ridgecrest, California

According to the census[19] of 2000, there were 24,927 people, 9,826 households, and 6,691 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,179.9 inhabitants per square mile (455.6/km2). There were 11,309 housing units at an average density of 535.3/sq mi (206.7/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.02% White, 3.53% Black or African American, 1.08% Native American, 3.88% Asian, 0.58% Pacific Islander, 4.93% from other races, and 3.98% from two or more races. 12.04% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 9,826 households, out of which 35.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.9% were non-families. 27.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.1% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,971, and the median income for a family was $52,725. Males had a median income of $46,993 versus $29,558 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,312. About 10.2% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.5% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over.

People in group quarters:[20]

  • 987 people in military barracks, etc.
  • 87 people in nursing homes
  • 33 people in other non-institutional group quarters
  • 22 people in state prisons

Economy

Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake (NAWS China Lake) is an airborne weapons testing and training range located adjacent to Ridgecrest and operated by the United States Navy and its contractors. Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake provides the majority of employment in the city at just under 8,000 jobs in 2018. This includes the government civilian workforce, active duty military personnel and private contractors.[21]

AltaOne Federal Credit Union has its corporate headquarters in Ridgecrest.[22]

Top employers

The principal employers in Ridgecrest in 2018 were:[23]

Rank Employer Employees
1 NAWS China Lake 7995
2 Ridgecrest Regional Hospital 728
3 Searles Valley Minerals 650
4 Sierra Sands Unified School District 631
5 Walmart 316
6 Cerro Coso Community College 170
7 Albertsons 152
8 Alta One Federal Credit Union 149
9 City of Ridgecrest 125
10 Jacobs Technology 101

Local features and activities
Wildflowers in Ridgecrest, California

The most notable feature in the nearby area is the Coso People rock art in Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons. The Coso People were prolific artists and traded with distant tribes using tools crafted of stone. Archeological recovery at coastal Chumash sites in California indicates considerable trade with the Coso People.[24]

Other traditional activities present are:

Maturango Museum
Main article: Maturango Museum
The front of the Maturango Museum

The Maturango Museum is located in Ridgecrest. The museum is best known for the guided tours to Little Petroglyph Canyon on China Lake Naval Weapons Station (NAWS).[25] The museum offers exhibits and displays featuring both the natural and the cultural history and diversity of the Northern Mojave Desert with exhibits of plants, animals, Native American artifacts, geology and contemporary arts and crafts.[26]

Coso Rock Art District
Archaic abstract curvilinear-style petroglyphs near Ridgecrest, CA
Main article: Coso Rock Art District

Coso Rock Art District, sometimes equated with the Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons is a site containing over 20,000 Native American petroglyphs[27] now located within Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, near China Lake and Ridgecrest, California. In fact, there are several other distinct canyons to the Coso Rock Art District besides the Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons. The most popular subjects are bighorn sheep, deer, and antelope. Big and Little Petroglyph Canyons were declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964. In 2001, they were incorporated into a larger National Historic Landmark District, called Coso Rock Art District. In 2014, the Ridgecrest Petroglyph Festival, a celebration of the petroglyphs, native culture, and Ridgecrest as a California tourist destination was created as an annual event. It was named as one of Groupon's "10 Most Unique Autumn Festivals in the Country"[28]

Walker Pass
Main article: Walker Pass

Walker Pass (elevation 5,250 ft (1.60 km)) is a mountain pass by Lake Isabella in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains. It is located in northeastern Kern County, approximately 53 mi (85 km) ENE of Bakersfield and 10 mi (16 km) WSW of Ridgecrest. The pass provides a route between the San Joaquin Valley on the west and the Mojave Desert on the east.

Trona Pinnacles
Main article: Trona Pinnacles

Trona Pinnacles featured in many notable films is located near Ridgecrest.

Red Rock Canyon State Park
Main article: Red Rock Canyon State Park (California)

Red Rock Canyon State Park is also very close to Ridgecrest and provides the community with hiking and camping opportunities.

Education
Cerro Coso Community College

Sierra Sands Unified School District,[29] which serves the city of Ridgecrest, Inyokern, and the surrounding communities, includes the following elementary schools: Las Flores Elementary, Faller Elementary, Richmond Elementary currently displaced to Vieweg Elementary due to damage in recent earthquakes,[30] Gateway Elementary, Pierce Elementary, and Inyokern Elementary. For middle-schoolers the school district includes James Monroe Middle School, and Murray Middle School. The district's primary high school, Sherman E Burroughs High School, serves Ridgecrest, China Lake NAWC, Inyokern, Buttermilk Acres, Red Mountain, and Randsburg. There is also an alternative high school, Mesquite High School.[31] Ridgecrest Elementary Academy for Language, Music, and Science (REALMS)is a public charter school sponsored by the Kern County Office of Education. Opened in 2019, the school educates children from Transitional K to the 6th grade. The school campus was formerly a Transitional K to 8th grade school which operated from 2001 to 2018 under the name Ridgecrest Charter School.

Sierra Sands Unified School District
Grades School City
K-5 Faller Elementary School Ridgecrest
Gateway Elementary School
Inyokern Elementary School Inyokern
Las Flores Elementary School Ridgecrest
Pierce Elementary School
Richmond Elementary School
Rand Elementary School Johannesburg
6-8 James Monroe Middle School Ridgecrest
Murray Middle School
9-12 Sherman E. Burroughs High School
Mesquite High School (alternative)

College
Main article: Cerro Coso Community College

Cerro Coso Community College, a part of the Kern Community College District, was established in 1973 and has a full-time enrollment of 2,347.[32] The 420 acres (1.7 km2) Indian Wells Valley Campus (IWV) is located in the upper Mojave Desert near Ridgecrest.[33] The IWV Campus is the largest of the Cerro Coso campuses. It serves a population of about 50,000. The College serves the communities of Ridgecrest, China Lake, Inyokern, and Trona.

Public library

Ridgecrest Branch Library, a branch of the Kern County Library, serves Ridgecrest, Inyokern, China Lake, Trona and surrounding communities.

Public safety
Ridgecrest City Hall and Police Headquarters

Ridgecrest has its own police department, as well as a regional station of the Kern County Sheriff's Department. The Kern County Fire Department[34] provides fire protection and emergency medical services. Full-time law enforcement employees in 2008 numbered 56 (41 officers).

Crime statistics for 2011 (reported by the Ridgecrest Police Department):[35]

Notable people

Notable natives include:

Media
Looking south in Ridgecrest

Ridgecrest has one TV station, KZGN-LD, owned by Wiknich Broadcasting Corp., that has 3 channels serving the entire Indian Wells Valley over the air and on Mediacom Cable. KZGN provides local news, weather and sports. KZGN also provides a daily local interview program, Ridgecrest Talk. Ridgecrest is served by two newspapers, The Daily Independent and the News Review, as well as a mixture of local broadcast stations and repeaters from radio and TV stations based in Los Angeles and Bakersfield. The repeaters are operated by the IWV TV Booster. Radio stations in the area include KRSF 89.3 a Christian radio format with Radio 74; KZFX 93.7 a classic rock format with ABC and California news and weather; KSSI (FM) 102.7, broadcasting rock music, local news and weather; KLOA (AM) 1240, broadcasting CBS Sports Radio; KZIQ 92.7, featuring adult contemporary music; KRAJ The Heat 100.9 FM, featuring a hip-hop format; and K296AI the 107.1, with KCNV classical music feed. KRCK-1360, "Ridgecrest Radio", went off the air in the 1970s. TV repeater K05FO 5 rebroadcasts KTLA; and K35HO-D 35 rebroadcasts KBAK.

The town of Junktown in the video game Fallout is based on a post-apocalyptic version of Ridgecrest.[39]

In the following 1984 Sony commercial, Ridgecrest is known as the "Earthquake Capital of the World..." Sony - No More Shakes

Transportation

Ridgecrest is located at the junction of highways California State Route 178 and U.S. Route 395 (business route).

The City of Ridgecrest provides the Ridgecrest Transit shuttle bus service to and from Inyokern, connecting with the Eastern Sierra Transit Authority bus that serves Bishop and Mammoth Lakes to the north, and Lancaster (Metrolink station), with connections for Los Angeles, to the south. Kern Transit connects Ridgecrest to Lake Isabella and Mojave.[40]

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See also

References
  1. "California Cities by Incorporation Date". California Association of Local Agency Formation Commissions. Archived from the original (Word) on February 21, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  2. "Ridgecrest City Council". City of Ridgecrest. Retrieved January 31, 2015.
  3. "Senators". State of California. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  4. "Members Assembly". State of California. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  5. "California's 23rd Congressional District - Representatives & District Map". Civic Impulse, LLC. Retrieved April 12, 2013.
  6. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  7. "Ridgecrest". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey.
  8. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  9. Durham, David L. (1998). California's Geographic Names: A Gazetteer of Historic and Modern Names of the State. Clovis, Calif.: Word Dancer Press. p. 1096. ISBN 1-884995-14-4.
  10. "Ridgecrest Earthquake". Southern California Earthquake Data Center. Retrieved October 20, 2016.
  11. Ryan, Harriet. "Largest earthquake in decades hits Southern California, measuring 6.4 magnitude". Los Angeles Times.
  12. "M 6.4 - 12km SW of Searles Valley, CA". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  13. "M 6.4 - 10km ENE of Ridgecrest, CA". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 4, 2019.
  14. "M 7.1 - 17km NNE of Ridgecrest, CA". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved July 5, 2019.
  15. "CHINA LAKE NAF, CALIFORNIA (041733)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved June 4, 2016.
  16. "INYOKERN, CALIFORNIA (044278)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved June 2, 2016.
  17. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  18. "2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Ridgecrest city". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014. Retrieved July 12, 2014.
  19. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  20. "City-data – People in group quarters / Ridgecrest, California". analyzed data from numerous sources. Retrieved March 7, 2009.
  21. "Ridgecrest 2018 CAFR" (PDF). Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  22. "AltaOne FCU corporate headquarters". AltaOne FCU. Retrieved March 18, 2019.
  23. "Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30 2018" (PDF). City of Ridgecrest. December 28, 2018.
  24. The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map. "C.Michael Hogan (2008) Morro Creek, ed. by A. Burnham". Megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
  25. "Maturango Museum Home Page". Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  26. "The Maturango Museum". data from Desert USA. Retrieved March 28, 2009.
  27. "Coso Rock Art District". National Historic Landmarks Quioklinks. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 8, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2012.
  28. "Fall Festivals: The 10 Most Unusual Fests Across the Country". Groupon. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  29. "Sierra Sands Unified School District". Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  30. Barnwell, Jack (July 24, 2019). "Richmond Elementary operations being transferred to Vieweg". Ridgecrest Daily Independent. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  31. "Mesquite High School". Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  32. "Cerro Coso Community College – Main website". Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  33. "Indian Wells Valley Campus". Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  34. "Kern County Fire Department". Retrieved March 10, 2009.
  35. "Uncategorised - City of Ridgecrest".
  36. Jerome, Richard (April 7, 1997). "Object Lesson". People. 47 (13). Retrieved April 10, 2012.
  37. Binelli, Mark (September 16, 1999), "Q&A: Blink-182's Mark Hoppus", Rolling Stone (821), retrieved June 27, 2012
  38. "Mark Hoppus: Biography, Latest News & Videos". TV Guide. Retrieved June 27, 2012.
  39. "Fallout" (1997) Los Angeles, California" Interplay Productions
  40. Heimsoth, Garry. "City of Ridgecrest". Ridgecrest.
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