Marlboro County, South Carolina

Marlboro County is a county located in the Pee Dee region on the northern border of the U.S. state of South Carolina. As of the 2010 census, its population was 28,933.[1] Its county seat is Bennettsville.[2] The Great Pee Dee River runs through it. Marlboro County comprises the Bennettsville, SC Micropolitan Statistical Area.

Marlboro County
U.S. county
Marlboro County Courthouse, Bennettsville
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of South Carolina
South Carolina's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 34°36′N 79°41′W
Country United States
State South Carolina
Founded1785
Named forJohn Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
SeatBennettsville
Largest cityBennettsville
Area
 • Total485 sq mi (1,260 km2)
 • Land480 sq mi (1,200 km2)
 • Water5.6 sq mi (15 km2)  1.2%%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total28,933
 • Estimate 
(2018)
26,398
 • Density60/sq mi (23/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district7th
Websitewww.marlborocounty.sc.gov

Marlboro County is home to the Pee Dee Indian Tribe. They are a relatively small American Indian tribe that has occupied the Pee Dee region for several centuries. The tribe was officially recognized by the Government of South Carolina around the beginning of the 21st Century, they have been seeking federal acknowledgment since 1976. While today the tribe consists of just over 200 enrolled members, they were once a significant cultural and political power in the region. Their profound influence and continual presence in the area is why the region bears the Pee Dee name. Since 1976, the tribe’s official seat of government has operated on land awarded to the tribe in Marlboro County.[1]

History

Succeeding indigenous peoples occupied this area for thousands of years. At the time of European encounter, the inhabitants of the area were the Pee Dee. Though nearly wiped out by European settlers, the Pee Dee Indian Tribe was able to survive centuries of war, disease, slavery and oppression, and has continued to maintain a presence in the area.[1]

In the 1960s and early 1970s, researchers identified numerous sites in South Carolina and the Southeast that they associated with what they have classified as South Appalachian Mississippian culture. The settlements developed about 1000 CE, later than did some of the largest settlements to the northwest that were closer to the Mississippi River and its tributaries.[2]

Town Creek Indian Mound, a National Historic Landmark[3] located across the border in present-day Montgomery County, North Carolina, is a surviving platform mound and archeological village site of this Pee Dee culture.[4] It was occupied about 200 years and abandoned after 1150CE, for unknown reasons.[5] In 2017, the Pee Dee Indian Tribe officially began work on the Pee Dee Tribal Mounds located on tribal land in McColl.[1]

European colonization and later history

The first European colonists to arrive in the area were Welsh settlers, part of the British Isles colonists who migrated south from Pennsylvania. In 1737, they established the first European-American settlement, called Welsh Neck.[6] These settlers organized a Baptist church in January 1738.[7]

The South Carolina Welsh settlement consisted of 173,000 acres granted exclusively to Welsh settlers in 1737 by an act of the South Carolina Assembly. Within a decade, nearly all of this land had been taken and settled in by Welsh immigrants, the majority of whom were Baptists. They immigrated to what is now Marlboro County, South Carolina from existing Welsh settlements in Delaware and Pennsylvania as well as directly from Wales. The European settlement along the Peedee River was exclusively Welsh between the 1730s and the 1780s.[8]

On 12 March 1785, Marlboro County was established by the South Carolina General Assembly according to its powers as described in the 1778 Constitution of the State of South Carolina during the American Revolution. It was named for the Duke of Marlborough.[9] The nascent county remained part of what was then known as Cheraws District until 1798, then in 1800 Marlboro became a district itself. Under the 1868 Constitution of the State of South Carolina, passed during the Reconstruction era, South Carolina districts became counties with home rule, where the legislative representatives from each county had additional powers as councillors of their county.

The first courthouse was built near the Great Pee Dee River, just north of Crooked Creek, in a village called Carlisle, named for Richard Carlisle.

In order to have a more central location for the county court, the state legislature designated Bennettsville founded in 1819, as the new county seat. A courthouse was built according to a design by Robert Mills. Construction began in 1820 and was completed in 1824.[6] It was replaced in the later 19th century. The second courthouse was expanded and renovated in 1953-1954.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 485 square miles (1,260 km2), of which 480 square miles (1,200 km2) is land and 5.6 square miles (15 km2) (1.2%) is water.[10]

Adjacent counties

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
179010,706—
18005,452−49.1%
18104,966−8.9%
18206,42529.4%
18308,58233.6%
18408,408−2.0%
185010,78928.3%
186012,43415.2%
187011,814−5.0%
188020,59874.4%
189023,50014.1%
190027,63917.6%
191031,18912.8%
192033,1806.4%
193031,634−4.7%
194033,2815.2%
195031,766−4.6%
196028,529−10.2%
197027,151−4.8%
198031,62416.5%
199029,361−7.2%
200028,818−1.8%
201028,9330.4%
Est. 201826,398[11]−8.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1960[13] 1900-1990[14]
1990-2000[15] 2010-2013[1]
Marlboro County population distribution by age and sex, 2000 census

2000 census

At the 2000 census there were 28,818 people, 10,478 households, and 7,334 families in the county. The population density was 60 people per square mile (23/km²). There were 11,894 housing units at an average density of 25 per square mile (10/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 50.73% Black or African American, 44.49% White, 3.36% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.24% from other races, and 0.95% from two or more races. 0.71% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.[16] Of the 10,478 households 32.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.60% were married couples living together, 22.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.00% were non-families. 26.90% of households were one person and 11.00% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.59 and the average family size was 3.14.

The age distribution was 26.20% under the age of 18, 9.30% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 12.30% 65 or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 96.30 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.10 males.

The median household income was $26,598 and the median family income was $32,019. Males had a median income of $25,896 versus $20,590 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,385. About 17.70% of families and 21.70% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.20% of those under age 18 and 22.70% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

At the 2010 census, there were 28,933 people, 10,383 households, and 6,903 families in the county.[17] The population density was 60.3 inhabitants per square mile (23.3/km2). There were 12,072 housing units at an average density of 25.2 per square mile (9.7/km2).[18] The racial makeup of the county was 50.9% black or African American, 41.4% white, 4.5% American Indian, 0.3% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.8% of the population.[17] In terms of ancestry, and 9.7% were American.[19]

Of the 10,383 households, 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were married couples living together, 24.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.5% were non-families, and 30.0% of households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.06. The median age was 38.8 years.[17]

The median household income was $27,688 and the median family income was $32,485. Males had a median income of $31,170 versus $24,885 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,817. About 23.3% of families and 27.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 40.4% of those under age 18 and 17.6% of those age 65 or over.[20]

Politics

After Democrats regained power in the state in the late nineteenth century, the legislature passed a new constitution that raised barriers to voter registration, effectively disfranchising black voters; at the time blacks comprised a majority of the population in the state and mostly supported Republican candidates. The state legislature also imposed legal racial segregation and laws for Jim Crow and white supremacy. This situation of disfranchisement lasted largely into the 1960s, until after Congress passed the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, to give the government oversight and power to enforce constitutional rights for all citizens. As part of the Solid South, the whites of the county and state used to vote overwhelmingly Democratic, giving 100% of its vote to the party in 1924.[21] White South Carolina residents (and throughout the South) had outsize power in Congress, as they controlled seats apportioned on the basis of total population of the state, while disfranchising the blacks.

Since the late 20th century, the county has voted mostly Democratic, but the demographics of political alignments have changed markedly since the 19th century. African Americans have mostly left the Republican Party to support the national Democratic Party. Conservative whites have shifted to the Republican Party. In the 1972 election, Republican Richard Nixon won every county in the state including Marlboro.[22] In state and local voting, many whites have voted for Republican candidates, and African Americans have tended to continue to support the Democrats.

More recently the county went strongly for Barack Obama, who received 62.4% of the vote in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. The Democratic presidential candidates have received more than 58% of the county vote in all elections from 1992 to 2004.[23]

Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[24]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 41.1% 4,267 57.3% 5,954 1.6% 168
2012 37.3% 3,676 61.9% 6,100 0.8% 77
2008 36.7% 3,996 62.5% 6,794 0.8% 86
2004 40.0% 3,423 58.2% 4,984 1.8% 153
2000 34.2% 2,699 64.2% 5,060 1.6% 124
1996 26.8% 2,148 66.6% 5,348 6.6% 531
1992 29.5% 2,526 59.6% 5,111 10.9% 933
1988 42.5% 2,921 57.3% 3,937 0.2% 12
1984 47.7% 3,951 51.8% 4,294 0.5% 38
1980 32.2% 2,585 66.9% 5,378 1.0% 77
1976 26.6% 1,961 73.3% 5,409 0.1% 7
1972 65.6% 3,838 34.2% 1,999 0.3% 15
1968 31.3% 2,024 35.5% 2,294 33.1% 2,140
1964 43.5% 1,864 56.5% 2,422
1960 33.3% 1,291 66.7% 2,586
1956 18.1% 507 63.2% 1,769 18.7% 522
1952 47.6% 1,541 52.4% 1,699
1948 2.8% 41 23.9% 354 73.3% 1,084
1944 3.5% 34 89.3% 874 7.3% 71
1940 2.4% 13 97.6% 526
1936 0.7% 7 99.3% 988
1932 3.1% 22 96.9% 685
1928 3.6% 27 96.4% 729
1924 0.0% 0 100.0% 716
1920 0.5% 5 99.5% 960
1916 0.2% 2 98.4% 1,071 1.4% 15
1912 0.0% 0 100.0% 719
1904 1.8% 14 98.2% 755
1900 4.7% 35 95.3% 714

Transportation

Airports

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places
gollark: Hides it from the site, I mean.
gollark: Hides it until it's not sick.
gollark: Automatically.
gollark: Er, basically, checking eggs to see if they're sick.
gollark: Either sickness checking, scraping, or view counting?

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  4. "Town Creek Indian Mound: An American Indian Legacy". North Carolina Department of Cultural Resources, Office of Archives & History. Archived from the original on 2007-08-10. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
  5. Cunningham, Sarah L (2010). "Biological and Cultural Stress in a South Appalachian Mississippian Settlement: Town Creek Indian Mound, Mt. Gilead, NC" (PDF). North Carolina State University. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
  6. Marlboro County "It’s Good to be Home". Bennettsville, SC: Marlboro Herald-Advocate. January 2009. p. 60.
  7. J.A.W. Thomas. A History of Marlboro County: With Traditions and Sketches of Numerous Families. Atlanta: The Foote & Davies Company, 1897.
  8. Migrants, Immigrants, and Slaves: Racial and Ethnic Groups in America By George Henderson, Thompson Dele Olasiji pg. 54
  9. Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 200.
  10. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  11. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  12. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  13. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  14. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 27, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  15. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  16. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  17. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  18. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  19. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  20. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2016-03-11.
  21. "1924 Presidential Election Statistics". Archived from the original on 2012-02-06. Retrieved 2005-08-18.
  22. David Leip Presidential Atlas (Election maps for South Carolina)
  23. New York Times Electoral Map (Zoom in on South Carolina)
  24. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 2018-03-13.

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