List of spaceplanes

A spaceplane incorporates aspects of both aeroplanes and spacecraft. Most concepts were only capable of sub-orbital spaceflight.

TypeCountryClassRoleDateStatusNo.Notes
ASSETUSRocket launchExperimental1963PrototypeUncrewed reentry test vehicle.
Boeing X-20 Dyna-SoarUSRocket launchExperimental1963ProjectCrewed
Boeing X-37USRocket launchUtility2010PrototypeRobotic orbiter operated by the United States Armed Forces.
BOR-4USSRRocket launchExperimental1982PrototypeUncrewed reentry test vehicle.
Buran ShuttleUSSRRocket launchUtility1988PrototypeCrewed orbiter, launched by the Energia rocket. Only one robotic flight made.
Dream ChaserUSARocket launchUtility2004ProjectUncrewed orbiter, originally intended as a crew vehicle. launched by a Vulcan-Centaur rocket.
HOTOLUKSSTOUtility1988Project0Airbreathing rocket engine.
Interim HOTOLUKAir launchUtility1991Project0Launched from the Antonov An-225 Mriya, the Buran air lift carrier aircraft.
Martin X-23 PRIMEUSRocket launchExperimental1966PrototypeUncrewed atmospheric re-entry test vehicle
North American X-15USAir launchExperimental1959Prototype3Air-dropped from a Boeing B-52.
Sanger SilbervogelGermanyCompositeBomber1944Project0Sub-orbital. Mock up and wind tunnel models only.
Scaled Composites SpaceShipOneUSCompositeTransport2004Prototype1first civilian-funded reusable spacecraft, lifted by White Knight to about 14 km
Scaled Composites SpaceShipTwoUSCompositeTransport2010Prototype2For Virgin Galactic commercial testing.
SkylonUKSSTOUtility1993ProjectContinuation of cancelled HOTOL.
Space RiderESALifting bodyExperimental2021ProjectRobotic, orbital
Space ShuttleUSRocket launchUtility1981Retired4–8Crewed orbiter.
XCOR Lynx (formerly Xerus)USSuborbitalExperimental2008Project0Horizontal takeoff and landing.

See also


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