List of presidents of Indonesia

This is a complete list of presidents of Indonesia. The president is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the president and vice president are directly elected to a five-year term.

The presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK), a body established by the occupying Japanese 16th Army on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java".[1] On 18 August 1945, the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI), which was created on 7 August to replace the BPUPK, selected Sukarno as the country's first president.

Presidents

Independent (1 president, 4 vice presidents)   Golkar (2 presidents, 6 vice presidents)   National Awakening Party (1 president)   Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (2 presidents)   United Development Party (1 vice president)   Democratic Party (1 president)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Political party	Vice president(s)
			Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Sukarno (1901–1970)	18 August 1945	12 March 1967[2]	21 years, 206 days	Independent		Mohammad Hatta
							Vacant (1 December 1956 – 12 March 1967)
			Declared Indonesia's independence from the Netherlands. Presided during the Indonesian National Revolution and the first national elections. One of the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement and hosted the 1955 Bandung Conference. Called for a 'Guided Democracy' following the collapse of 10 governments during the 1950s, with Nasakom as the principle ideology. Acceded Western New Guinea. Opposed the formation of Malaysia and began Konfrontasi. Signed the Supersemar in 1966, following the assassination of 6 generals. Relieved from power in 1967.
2		Suharto (1921–2008)	12 March 1967 (acting) 27 March 1968	21 May 1998	31 years, 70 days	Golkar (with military support)
							Vacant (12 March 1967 – 23 March 1973)
								Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX
								Adam Malik
								Umar Wirahadikusumah
								Sudharmono
								Try Sutrisno
								B. J. Habibie
			Seized power from Sukarno through Supersemar in 1966. Declared a New Order military dictatorship. Dismantled the Communist Party of Indonesia and oversaw the mass murder and imprisonment of thousands of suspected communists throughout the archipelago. Ended Konfrontasi and initiated friendly relationships with neighbouring countries of Malaysia and Singapore, and Indonesia became a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Severed ties with China and other communist countries in the region. Annexed East Timor. Incorporated Western New Guinea into Indonesia. Oversaw great economic and infrastructural development, but rampant corruption within the bureaucracy and government. Resigned following the collapse of the Indonesian economy during the 1997 Asian financial crisis and the 1998 riots.
3		B. J. Habibie (1936–2019)	21 May 1998	20 October 1999	1 year, 152 days	Golkar	Vacant
			First, and to date the only, president who hailed from outside of Java. Took power following Suharto's resignation. Oversaw Indonesia's democratic transition. East Timor declared independence from Indonesia. Released thousands of political prisoners. Decided not to run for a full term.
4		Abdurrahman Wahid (1940–2009)	20 October 1999	23 July 2001	1 year, 276 days	National Awakening Party	Vacant (20–21 October 1999)
								Megawati Sukarnoputri
			1999 – 54.37%
			Head of Nahdlatul Ulama. Term embroiled by a number of scandals and corruption cases. Abolished all remaining legal discrimination against Chinese Indonesians. Attempts to reform the military and remove its political power were not taken kindly by military actors. Attempted to dissolve parliament, but was eventually impeached by parliament.
5		Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 1947)	23 July 2001	20 October 2004	3 years, 89 days	Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle	Vacant (23–26 July 2001)
								Hamzah Haz
			The first female president of Indonesia. Daughter of Sukarno. Came to power following the impeachment of Abdurrahman Wahid. Presided during a period of economic growth. Bali was attacked by a major bombing in 2002 by Jemaah Islamiyah. Lost the 2004 presidential election to her former Coordinating Minister of Politics and Security.
6		Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 1949)	20 October 2004	20 October 2014	10 years	Democratic Party		Jusuf Kalla
								Boediono
			2004 – 60.62% 2009 – 60.80%
			The first president to be directly elected by popular vote. Parts of Sumatra were devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. Jemaah Islamiyah severely weakened following efforts by Detachment 88. Indonesia classified part of MINT and became a member of the G-20. Elected to a second term in 2009. Indonesia formed the Bali Democracy Forum and became a founding member of the Open Government Partnership. Presided over consistent economic growth. During his second term, the Democratic Party suffered a number of corruption scandals.
7		Joko Widodo (born 1961)	20 October 2014	Incumbent	5 years, 302 days	Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle		Jusuf Kalla
								Ma'ruf Amin
			2014 – 53.15% 2019 – 55.50%
			The first president not to have emerged from the country’s political elite or to have been an army general.[3]

By age

#	President	Born	Age at start of presidency	Age at end of presidency	Post-presidency timespan	Lifespan
						Died	Age
01	Sukarno	6 June 1901	44 years, 73 days 18 August 1945	65 years, 279 days 12 March 1967[lower-alpha 1]	3 years, 101 days	21 June 1970	69 years, 15 days
02	Suharto	8 June 1921	45 years, 277 days 12 March 1967	76 years, 347 days 21 May 1998[lower-alpha 2]	9 years, 251 days	27 January 2008	86 years, 233 days
03	B. J. Habibie	25 June 1936	61 years, 330 days 21 May 1998	63 years, 117 days 20 October 1999	19 years, 326 days	11 September 2019	83 years, 78 days
04	Abdurrahman Wahid	7 September 1940	59 years, 43 days 20 October 1999	60 years, 319 days 23 July 2001[lower-alpha 1]	8 years, 160 days	30 December 2009	69 years, 114 days
05	Megawati Sukarnoputri	23 January 1947	54 years, 181 days 23 July 2001	57 years, 271 days 20 October 2004	15 years, 302 days	2020-08-17(living)	73 years, 207 days
06	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	9 September 1949	55 years, 41 days 20 October 2004	65 years, 41 days 20 October 2014	5 years, 302 days	2020-08-17(living)	70 years, 343 days
07	Joko Widodo	21 June 1961	53 years, 121 days 20 October 2014	59 years, 57 days(incumbent)	(incumbent)	2020-08-17(living)	59 years, 57 days
#	President	Born	Age at start of presidency	Age at end of presidency	Post-presidency timespan	Died	Age
						Lifespan

Notes

1. Removed from office
2. Resigned from office

By time in office

Rank	President	Length in days	Order of presidency	Number of terms
1	Suharto	11,393[lower-alpha 1]	2nd • 12 March 1967 – 21 May 1998[lower-alpha 2]	Six full terms; resigned 2 months and 11 days into seventh term
2	Sukarno	7,876[lower-alpha 3]	1st • 18 August 1945 – 12 March 1967[lower-alpha 4][2]	De jure: Four full terms; removed 1 year, 6 months, and 22 days into fifth term De facto: Never face reelection, declared president for life by the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPRS) on 18 May 1963
3	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono	3,652	6th • 20 October 2004 – 20 October 2014	Two full terms
4	Joko Widodo	2,128[lower-alpha 5]	7th • 20 October 2014 – Incumbent	Serving second term
5	Megawati Sukarnoputri	1,185	5th • 23 July 2001[lower-alpha 6] – 20 October 2004	One partial term (3 years, 2 months, and 27 days)[lower-alpha 7]
6	Abdurrahman Wahid	642	4th • 20 October 1999 – 23 July 2001[lower-alpha 4]	One partial term (1 year, 9 months, and 3 days)
7	B. J. Habibie	517	3rd • 21 May 1998[lower-alpha 6] – 20 October 1999	One partial term[lower-alpha 8] (1 year, 4 months, and 29 days)

Notes

1. Suharto was acting president until 27 March 1968 (381 days), when he was made full president
2. Resigned from office
3. Sukarno was detained by Dutch troops on 19 December 1948 during the Operation Kraai. During this time, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia, led by Sjafruddin Prawiranegara, acted as the country's government-in-exile until 13 July 1949. As a result, Sukarno's term in office actually had 206 days less. This figure includes his term as the president of the United States of Indonesia (27 December 1949 – 15 August 1950; 231 days.)
4. Removed from office
5. As of 17 August 2020
6. Succeeded to presidency
7. Sought election to a full term in 2004, but was defeated.
8. Originally assigned to office until 11 March 2003, but due to the accelerated election he was required to face reelection in which he did not contest after his accountability speech was rejected by the MPR.

See also

• Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies
  • List of Governors of the Dutch East Indies
• President of Indonesia
• Vice President of Indonesia
  • List of vice presidents of Indonesia
• First Spouse of Indonesia

References

1. Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), "A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia" (PDF), Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 167 (2–3): 196–209, doi:10.1163/22134379-90003589, ISSN 0006-2294CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
2. Sukarno transferred key presidential powers to Suharto on 11 March 1966 in a vaguely worded letter of authority known as Supersemar and surrendered his powers on 22 February 1967 but he was not formally relieved of his presidential title by the provisional parliament until 12 March 1967.
3. Joko Widodo, Populist Governor, Is Named Winner in Indonesian Presidential Vote, New York Times, 22 July 2014