List of names of Asian cities in different languages

This is a list of cities in Asia that have several different names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes for political or other reasons.

This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real", or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name includilng any historical variants and former names. lu Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed.

Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.

Contents: 

• Top
• 0–9
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Y
• Z

A

English Name	Other names or former names
Abakan	Ağban - Ағбан (Khakass),^[KNAB] Ábāhām - 阿巴坎 (Cantonese), Abakan - Абакан (Macedonian, Russian), Abakan - アバカン (Japanese), Ābākǎn - 阿巴坎 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Ust’-Abakanskoe - Усть-Абаканское (former Russian, pre–1931)^[KNAB], अबाकान (Hindi), اباکان (Urdu), அபாக்கன் (Tamil)
Ahmedabad	Ahmedabad - અમદાવાદ (Gujarati), Ahmedabad - अहमदाबाद (Hindi, Marathi), Ahmedabad - ਅਹਿਮਦਾਬਾਦ (Punjabi), Ahmedabad - আহমেদাবাদ (Bengali), Ahmedabad - ଅହମଦାବାଦ (Odia), Ahmedabad - அகமதாபாத் (Tamil), Ahmedabad - ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್ (Kannada), Ahmedabad - അഹമ്മദാബാദ് (Malayalam)
Aleppo	Alep (Catalan*, Croatian*, French*, Romanian*, Slovene*), Alep - Алеп (Macedonian, Serbian)*, Alepas (Lithuanian)*, Alepo (Basque*, Esperanto*, Galician*, Spanish*), Ālèpō - 阿勒颇 (simplified characters) / 阿勒頗 (traditional characters) (Chinese)*, Alepo or Haleba (Latvian)*, Alepo or Ḩalab (Estonian)*, Alepo or Aleppo (Portuguese)*, Aleppo (Breton*, Czech*, Danish*, Dutch*, Finnish*, German*, Indonesian*, Italian*, Norwegian [Bokmål]*, Polish*, Swedish*, Welsh*), Aleppó (Hungarian)*, Aleppo - Алеппо or Khaleb - Халеб (Russian*,^[KNAB] Ukrainian*), Aleppu (Sicilian)*, Alippu (Inuktitut), Allepo - 알레포 (Korean)*, Areppo - アレッポ (Japanese)*, Ash-Shahbā’ (lit., "the gray one") - الشهباء (Arabic [rare]),^[KNAB] Beroea (Latin)*,^[KNAB] Chalépio(n) - Χαλέπιο(ν) (Greek),^[KNAB] Hadad / Halab (Syriac), Halab (Uzbek), Ḥalab - حلب (Arabic*,^[KNAB] Ottoman Turkish), Halab - Ҳалаб (Tajik)*, H̱aleb - חַלֶבּ‎ / H̱āleb - חאלב / ארם צובה‎ Aram Zoba - (Hebrew)*,^[KNAB] Halep - Հալեպ (Armenian)*,^[KNAB] Halep (Turkish)*,^[KNAB] Heleb (Kurdish)*,^[KNAB] Hələb (Azerbaijani), Vérria - Βέρροια (Hellenistic & Byzantine Greek), ალეპო (Georgian), హాలెప్పో (Telugu), अलेप्पो (Marathi), Halab - हलब (Hindi), حلب (Urdu), ஆலெப்போ (Tamil), Halab - হালাব (Bengali)
Almaty	Ālāmùtú - 阿拉木圖 (traditional characters) / 阿拉木图 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Alma Ata (Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Indonesian, Interlingua, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian, Sicilian, Slovak, Slovene), Alma-Ata - Алма-Ата (Macedonian, Russian, Serbian) Almá-Atá (former Spanish), Ałma Ata (Polish), Álma-Áty - Άλμα-Άτυ (Greek), Almaata - Алмаата (Karakalpak), Almaato - Алмаато (Tajik), Almata (Latvian, Lithuanian), Almatë (Albanian), Olma-Ota (Uzbek) Almati (Catalan, Galician, Hungarian), Almatı (Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Almato (Esperanto), Almatõ (Estonian), Almaty - Алмати (Ukrainian*), Almaty - Алматы (Kazakh*, Russian alternative), Almatý (Spanish), Almuta - ئالمۇتا (Uyghur), Armatii (Inuktitut), Arumatoi - アルマトイ (Japanese)*, ალმა-ათა / ალმატი (Georgian), अलमती (Marathi), ఎల్మాటీ (Telugu), Olmaota [Almäatä - Олмаота] (former Uzbek), Vernyj - Верный (former Russian, 1867–1921), Viernyi (former French), अलमाती (Hindi), آلما اتا (Urdu), அல்மாதி (Tamil)
Amman	Amã (Portuguese), Aman (Novial, Slovene), Aman - Аман (Macedonian, Serbian) Amán (Galician), Amàn (Haitian Creole), Amanas (Lithuanian), Amano (Esperanto), Amans (Samogitian), Амман - Amman (Russian), Amman (Inuktitut), Amman - アンマン (Japanese), Ammán (Czech, Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish), ‘Ammān (Estonian), عمان - Ammān (Arabic), Ammāna (Latvian), Philadelphia (Latin), Philadélpheia - Φιλαδέλφεια (Greek [archaic]), Rabbat Ammon - רבת עמון‎ (Hebrew), 安曼 (Mandarin Chinese), ამანი (Georgian), अम्मान (Hindi), అమ్మాన్ (Telugu), अम्मान (Marathi), அம்மான் (Tamil), عمّان (Urdu)
Ankara	Aṁkārā - అంకారా (Telugu), Ancara (Galician, Portuguese), Ancyra (Latin), Ăng-kā-lá - 安卡拉 (Mindong), Angora (former English, former Italian, former Romanian, former French), Ángyra - Άγκυρα (Greek), Ángyra - Ἄγκυρα (Ancient Greek), Ānkǎlā - 安卡拉 (Mandarin Chinese), Ankara - Անկարա (Armenian), Ankara - Анкара (Abkhaz, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian), Ankara - ანკარა (Georgian), Ankara - アンカラ (Japanese), Ānḳarah - آنقره (Ottoman Turkish), Anqara (Zazaki), Änqarä - Әнкарә (Tatar),^[KNAB] Ankaro (Esperanto), Anqara (Azerbaijani, Uzbek), Änq̇ara - Аьнкьара (Lak), Anqarah - أنقرة (Arabic), Aqqara/Atqara (Inuktitut), Enqere (Kurdish), Enqere - ئه‌نقه‌ره (Uyghur), Ngōnkālā - 安卡拉 (Cantonese), अंकारा (Hindi), انقرہ (Urdu), அங்காரா (Tamil)
Antioch	Anniukkia (Inuktitut), Anţākīyah أنطاكيا (Arabic), Antakya (Azerbaijani, Turkish*), Antioch-on-the-Orontes (extended name in English), Antioch (Scottish Gaelic), Antioche (French)*, Antiocheia - Ἀντιόχεια (Ancient Greek),^[KNAB] Antiochia (Hungarian*, Interlingua, Latin, Slovak), Antiochia or Antiochia/Antioch/Antiochien am Orontes (German)*, Antiochia or Antiochia di Siria (Italian)*, Antiochia or Antiochia Syryjska (Polish)*, Antiochia or Antiochia vid Orontes (Swedish)*, Antióchia - Αντιόχεια (Greek), Antióchia i epí Dáfni - Αντιόχεια η επί Δάφνη / Antióchia i epí Oróntu - Αντιόχεια η επί Ορόντου / Antióchia i Megáli - Αντιόχεια η Μεγάλη (extended names in Greek), Antiochie (Czech)*, Antiochië (Dutch)*, Antiohia (Romanian), Antiohija (Croatian, Bosnian), Antiohija - Антиохија (Macedonian, Serbian*), Antiok‘ - Անտոք (Armenian),^[KNAB] Antiokia (Indonesian, Danish*, Finnish*), Antiokia - アンティオキア (Japanese), Anṭiokia - ܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ (Syriac), Anţiokia - ანტიოქია (Georgian),^[KNAB] Antioquia (Catalan), Antioquía (Spanish)*, Antióquia (Portuguese)*, Antioxija - Антиохия (Russian historical),^[KNAB] Antioxiya (Azerbaijani alternative), Ēṁṭjhōk - ఏంటియోక్ (Telugu), अन्ताकिया (Hindi), انتاکیا (Urdu), அந்தியோச் (Tamil), Āntíā - 安提阿 (Mandarin Chinese), Antiok - 안 디 옥 (Korean), আন্তিয়খিয়া / Antiyokhiya (Bengali)
Ardabil	Ardabel - Ардабел (Tajik), Ardabil - Ардабил (Macedonian), Ardabīl - اردبیل (Persian),^[KNAB] Ərdəbil - اردبیل (Azerbaijani),^[KNAB] Ardebil' - Ардебиль (Russian),^[KNAB] Artawil - Արտաւիլ (Armenian), Erdebil (Turkish, Zazaki), Erdebîl - اردبیل (Kurdish), اردبیل (Urdu) . அர்தாபில் (Tamil)
Ardahan	Ardachán - Αρνταχάν (Greek), Ardahan (Turkish), Ardahan - Արդահան (Armenian),^[KNAB] Ardahan - Ардахан (Macedonian), Arţaani - არტაანი (Georgian) Ardagan - Ардаган (Russian), Ərdəhan (Azerbaijani), Artahan - Արտահան (Armenian alternative),^[KNAB] Erdêxan/Erdêhan (Kurdish), اردھان (Urdu), அர்தஹான் (Tamil)
Ashgabat	Ašchabád (Czech, Slovak), Aschchabad, Aschgabad or Aschgabat (German), Aşgabat or Aşkabat (Turkish),Asjabad (Spanish), Asgabate (Portuguese), Ashkhabad - Ашхабад (Russian), Aşhabad (Italian, Montenegrin, Romanian), Ašhabad - Ашхабад (Macedonian, Serbian), Ašhabada (Latvian), Aşgabat (Turkmen), Asiqhapaati (Inuktitut), Ashigabādo - アシガバード (Japanese), Ashxobod (Uzbek), Asjchabad (Dutch), Aşqabad (Azerbaijani), Aszchabad (Polish), Išq Ābād (Arabic), აშხაბადი / აშგაბატი (Georgian), عشق آباد (Persian), అస్కాబాద్ (Telugu), عشق آباد (Urdu), அஷ்காபத் (Tamil), Ashkhabad - আশখাবাদ (Bengali)
Astana	Akmola (variant in Finnish), Ostona (Uzbek), Akmola (former Russian, 1992-1998),^[KNAB] Akmoła (former Polish), Akmolinsk - Акмолинск (former Russian, pre-1961),^[KNAB] Aqmola - Ақмола (former Kazakh pre-1961, 1992-1998),^[KNAB] Aqmulla - Акмулла (former Tatar),^[KNAB] Aqmulla - Аҡмулла (former Bashkir),^[KNAB] Aseutana - 아스타나 (Korean*), Astana (Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Latvian, Polish, Romanian, Scottish Gaelic, Turkish, Azerbaijani), Astana - Астана (Belarusian, Kazakh, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian*), Astana - ئاستانا (Uyghur), Astanà (Catalan), Astaná (Spanish), Asţana - ასტანა (Georgian), Asutana/Aqsana/Angmulaq (Inuktitut), Asutana - アスタナ (Japanese*), అస్తానా (Telugu), Celinograd - Целиноград (former Russian, 1961-1992),^[KNAB] Qaraötkel - Қараөткел (obsolete Kazakh unofficial),^[KNAB] Tselīnograd - Целиноград (former Kazakh, 1961-1992)^[KNAB], استانا (Urdu), அஸ்தானா (Tamil),

B

English Name	Other names or former names
Baghdad	Bāgaakdaaht - 巴格達 (Cantonese), Bagdá (Portuguese), Bagdad (Danish, French, German, Spanish, historic English), Bagdad - Багдад (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Mongolian, Ossetian, Russian, Serbian), Bagdad - באגדאד (Yiddish), Baġdād - بغداد (Arabic), Bağdad (Azerbaijani), Bağdad - Багдад (Kyrgyz, Tatar), Bağdad - Бағдад (Bashkir, Kazakh), Baǧdad - Багъдад (Avar, Kumyk, Lak, Lezgian),^[KNAB] Baḡdâd - בגדאד [בַּעְ'דַּאדּ] (Hebrew), Baḡdād - ܒܓܕܐܕ (Syriac), Baǧdat - Багъдат (Tabasaran),^[KNAB] Bagdat (Turkmen),^[KNAB] Bağdat (Crimean Tatar, Turkish),^[KNAB] Baǧdati - ბაღდადი (Georgian,^[KNAB] Mingrelian), Bagdatum (Latin), Bagdaza (Hausa),^[KNAB] Baġdod - Бағдод (Tajik), Bāgédá - 巴格達 (traditional characters)/ 巴格达 (simplified characters) (historical Mandarin Chinese), Bageudadeu - 바그다드 (Korean), Baghdaad - ބަޣުދާދު (Divehi), Baghdad - باغداد (Uyghur), Bagudaddo - バグダード (Japanese),^[KNAB] Bajdad - БаІдад (Chechen),^[KNAB] Baldacco (historical Italian), Bałdad - Բաղդադ (Armenian), Bałtat - Բաղտատ (Western Armenian), Bàodá - 報達 (traditional characters)/ 报达 (simplified characters) (historic Mandarin Chinese), Baqdaad (Somali), Bát-đa (Vietnamese),^[KNAB] Bǣkdǣt - แบกแดด (Thai), Beẍa (Kurdish alternative), Beẍda (Kurdish), Beẍda - بەغدا (Sorani Kurdish), Boudaaht - 報達 (historic Cantonese), Pahtat - Пахтат (Chuvash),[1] Vagdáti - Βαγδάτη (Greek),^[KNAB] , بغداد (Urdu), பாக்தாத் (Tamil)
Baku	Bacou (former French), Bacu (Portuguese*), Bādkūbe - بادکوبه (former Persian), Bakı (Azerbaijani)*, Bakku - Бакку (Tabasaran), Bakoe (Afrikaans, Dutch*), Bakou (French)*, Bakoú - Μπακού (Greek*), Bakox (Chechen), Baku (Croatian*, Crimean Tatar*, Czech*, Danish*, Finnish*, German*, Hungarian*, Indonesian*, Italian*, Latin*, Latvian*, Lithuanian*, Maltese *, Norwegian*, Polish*, Romanian*, Slovak*, Swedish*, Tat), Bākū - باکو (Arabic, Persian), Baku - باكو (Urdu), Baku - Баку (Avar*, Belarusian*, Bulgarian*, Lezghi, Macedonian*, Ossetic*, Russian*, Serbian*, Tatar*, Tsakhur, Ukrainian*), Baku - 巴庫 (Mandarin Chinese)*, Baku - בקו (Hebrew)*, Bakū - バクー (Japanese)*, Bakû - باکوو (Kurdish)*, Bakú (Spanish)*, Bākū - ܒܟܘ (Syriac), Bakü (Turkish)*, Baku - באַקו (Yiddish)*, Bākūyah (historic Arabic), Bakuu (Estonian)*, Baqu - Բաքու (Armenian)*, Bako - ბაქო (Georgian)*, Bokü (Talyshi), பாகு(Tamil)
Bali	Bali - Бали (Macedonian*), Bālídǎo - 巴厘岛 (Simplified Chinese), Baritō - バリ島 (Japanese)
Banda Aceh	Banda Aceh (Indonesian, Malay), Banda Acèh (Acehnese, Javanese), Banda Ačeh - Банда Ачех (Macedonian), Bandā`āčhe - บันดาร์อาเจะห์ (Thai), Bāandaat Achàih - 班達亞齊 (Cantonese), Banda Atjeh (Dutch, Indonesian old spelling), Banda Atjèh (Acehnese old spelling), Bāndā Ātšīh - باندا آتشيه (Arabic), Bandar Aceh (historic Indonesian), Bandar Aceh Darussalam (historic Indonesian [long form]), Bandaache - 반다아체 (Korean), Bāndáyàqí - 班達亞齊 (Mandarin Chinese), Dàyàqí - 大亞齊 (Mandarin Chinese alternative), Koetaradja (historic Indonesian old spelling, pre–1962), Kota Radja (historic Dutch, historic English, pre–1962), Kutaradja (historic Acehnese, historic Indonesian old spelling, pre–1962), باندا آچہ (Urdu), பாந்தா ஆச்சே (Tamil)
Bandar Abbas	Bandar-e ‘Abbās, Bandar ‘Abbās, Bandar Abas - Бандар Абас (Macedonian), Bandar ‘Abbāsī (Romanization from Persian); Cambarão, Porto Comorão (Portuguese); Gamrun, Gumrun (Dutch); Gombroon，Ābāsī - 阿巴斯 (Mandarin Chinese), Bandaru Abbāsu バンダル・アッバース (Japanese), Bandaleu Abbaseu - 반다르 압바스 (Korean), Bender Abbas - (Turkish), Бендер-Аббас (Russian), Bəndər Abbas (Azerbaijani), বন্দর আব্বাস / Bondor Abbas (Bengali)
Bandung	Bandon - バンドン (Japanese), Bandhung (Javanese), Bandung, Бандунг (Cyrillic Script), Bandungas (Lithuanian), Bandungo (Esperanto), Bandunj - باندونج (Arabic), Wànlóng - 萬隆 (Mandarin Chinese), بانڈونگ (Urdu), பாந்துங் (Tamil)
Bangalore	Bangarōru - バンガロール (Japanese), ბენგალორი (Georgian), બેંગલોર (Gujarati), बंगलौर (Hindi [traditional]), बेंगलूरु (Hindi [phonetic transcription of Kannada name]), ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು (Kannada), 뱅갈로(Korean), ബാംഗ്ലൂര് (Malayalam), बंगळूर (Marathi), பெங்களூர் (Tamil), బెంగుళూరు (Telugu), بنگلور (Urdu), Bānjiāluó'r - 班加罗尔 (Mandarin Chinese), Bangalor - Бангалор (Macedonian, Russian), বেঙ্গালুরু / Bengaluru (Bengali)
Bangkok	Bancác (Irish), Bangóg - Μπανγκόγκ (Greek), Banguecoque or Bangkok (Portuguese), Băng Cốc (Vietnamese), Bangkok - Бангкок (Macedonian*), Bankoko (Esperanto)*, Bankoku - バンコク (Japanese), Krung Thep Maha Nakhon - กรุงเทพมหานคร (Thai), Màngǔ - 曼谷 (Mandarin Chinese), Bangkok - ბანგკოკი (Georgian), 방콕 (Korean), பாங்காக் (Tamil), బేంగ్కాక్ (Telugu), بانگ کوک (Urdu), Baanggog -ບາງກອກ (Lao)
Barisal	Borishāl - বরিশাল (Bengali, Assamese), Borishal - ꠛꠞꠤꠡꠣꠟ (Sylheti), Bārīsāl - باریسال (Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Western Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Kashmiri), Barisal - Барисал (Macedonian), Barishāl - बरिशाल (Hindi, Nepali), बारिसाल (Marathi), Barisāl (Indonesian, Malay, Cebuano), Барисал (Bulgarian, Mongolian, Russian), Барісал (Ukrainian), Barishal (German), Barizalo (Esperanto), Barisalo (or Barisalas) (Lithuanian), Barisalin (Finnish) Historical names: Bakla-Chandradwip (English), বাকলা-চন্দ্রদ্বীপ - Bakla-Chondrodeep (Bengali), بکلا-چندراديپ - Baklā-Chandrādīp (Persian, Urdu), بكلا-تشاندرا ديب - Baklā-Tshāndrā Dīp (Arabic) Other names: Gird-e-Bandar (The Great Port) - (English), গিরদে বন্দর - Girde Bondor (Bengali), ইসমাইলপুর - Ismailpur, Backergunge - (English), বাকেরগঞ্জ - Bakergonj (Bengali)
Basra	Al-Baṣrah - البصرة (Arabic),^[KNAB] Baçorá (Portuguese), Bāshìlā - 巴士拉 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Bāsihlā - 巴士拉 (Cantonese), Basora (Spanish), Basra (German, Indonesian, Turkish), Basra - Басра (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian^[KNAB], Serbian, Ukrainian), Basra - Բասրա (Armenian), Baṣra - בצרה (Hebrew), Baṣrā - ܒܨܪܐ (Syriac), Basrā - बसरा (Hindi), Baṣrah - بصره (Persian, Urdu), Bassorah (French),^[KNAB] Bəsrə (Azerbaijani), Besir (Kurdish alternative),^[KNAB] Besra - بەسرە (Kurdish),^[KNAB] Besre - بەسرە (Sorani Kurdish), Busra(h) (historic English),^[KNAB] Bussora(h) (historic English),^[KNAB] Vasóra - Βασόρα (Greek), பாஸ்ரா (Tamil), Boshra/Bosra - বসরা (Bengali, Assamese)
Beijing	Bắc Kinh (Vietnamese), Baekging (Zhuang), Bākgìng - 北京 (Cantonese), Bākpìhng - 北平 (Cantonese [archaic]), Beežin - Бээжин / Bejžin - Бэйжин (Mongolian), Běijīng - 北京 (Chinese), Beijing - 베이징 (Korean [modern]), Beijing (Romanian), Běipíng - 北平 (Chinese [archaic, also alternate in Taiwan]), Béising / Péicing (Irish), Bêjing - པེ་ཅིང (Tibetan), Béyjing - بېيجىڭ / Бейҗиң (Uighur), Bukgyeong - 북경 / 北京 (Korean [former]), Pak-kiaⁿ - 北京 (Minnan, Taiwanese), Pechino (Italian), Pechinum (Latin), Pecin / Beijing (Welsh), Pékin (French), Pekin - 北京 / ペキン (Japanese), Pekin (Polish, Turkish, former Romanian), Pekin - Пекин (former Romanian, Russian), Pekín (Spanish), Peking (Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English [alternate], Estonian, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Slovenian, Swedish), Peking - Пекинг (Macedonian*, Serbian), Pekino (Esperanto), * Pekíno - Πεκίνο (Greek), Pequim (Portuguese), Pequín (Catalan), პეკინი (Georgian), பெய்ஜிங் / பீஜிங் (Tamil), బేజింగ్ (Telugu), ปักกิ่ง (Thai), بیئی جنگ (Urdu), Hanbalık (Turkish [alternate]), Beizing (Sylheti), Pagging -ປັກກິ່ງ (Lao) See also: Names of Beijing ,
Beirut	Beyrouth (French), Bayrūt - بيروت (Arabic, Urdu, Persian), Virytós - Βηρυτός (Greek), Beyrut - Բեյրութ (Armenian), Beiroet (Afrikaans, Dutch), Beirūto - ベイルート (Japanese), Bejrút (Czech, Hungarian), Bejrut - Бейрут (Russian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Ukrainian), Bejrut - Бејрут (Macedonian*), Beyrut (Turkish), பெய்ரூட் (Tamil), Bèilǔtè - 贝鲁特/貝魯特 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Boirut - বৈরুত (Bengali)
Bengkulu	Bangka Hulu (Indonesian [archaic], Malay [archaic]), Bencoolen (former English colonial name), Benkoelen (Dutch), Benkulu - Бенкулу (Macedonian), Benkuru - ベンクル (Japanese), Kota Bengkulu (Indonesian, Malay), బెంగ్కూళు నగరం (Telugu), بنگ کولو (Urdu), பெங்குலு (Tamil)
Bishkek	Bichkek (French), Bischkek (German), Bishukeku - ビシュケク (Japanese), Bisjkek (Dutch), Biškek (Croatian, Slovenian), Biškek - Бишкек (Macedonian, Serbian), Bişkek (Romanian, Turkish), Biškeka (Latvian), Biškekas (Lithuanian), Biszkek (Polish), Bixkek (Catalan), బిష్కెక్ (Telugu), ბიშკეკი (Georgian); Frunze (former name), بش کیک (Urdu), பிஷ்கேக் (Tamil), Bǐshíkǎikè - 比什凯克 (simplified characters) / 比什凱克 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese)
Bukhara	Boechara (Dutch), Boxārā - بُخارا (Persian), Buchara (Italian), Buhara (Finnish, Turkish, Turkmen), Buhara - ブハラ (Japanese), Buhara - Бухара (Macedonian*, Serbian), Buhhaara (Estonian), Bujara (Spanish), Bukharà (Catalan), Bukhara - Бұхара (Kazakh), Bukhara - Бухара (Russian), Bukhoro - Бухоро (Tajik), Buxara (Azerbaijani), Buxoro (Uzbek), ბუხარა (Georgian), బుఖారా (Telugu), بخارہ (Urdu), புக்காரா (Tamil), Bōkhara - বোখারা (Bengali)
Bursa	Boersa (Dutch), Brousse (former French), Bursa (Azerbaijani, Dutch, Italian, Romanian, Turkish), Bursa - בורסה (Hebrew), Bursa - Бурса (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Burusa - ブルサ (Japanese), Proúsa - Προύσα (Greek), Prusa (Latin), ბურსა (Georgian), బుర్సా (Telugu), بورسا (Urdu), புர்சா (Tamil)

C

English Name	Other names or former names
Çankırı	Çankırı (Turkish), Gankıra (Hittite), Gangra (Greek), Cankiri (English, French, German, Spanish), Čankr - Чанкр or Čankiri - Чанкири (Macedonian*), Çenğiri (Ottoman Turkish), Çangırı (former Turkish), چانکیری (Urdu), கங்கிரா (Tamil)
Chelyabinsk	Čalabinsk – Чалябінск (Belarusian*), Čeläba oš – Челяба ош (Moksha*), Čeläbinsk (Veps*), Čelepi – Челепи (Chuvash*), Celiabinsca (Latin*),[2] Čeliabinsķi – ჩელიაბინსკი (Georgian*), Ćeljaba – Челяба (Komi-Permyak*), Čeljabinsk – Челябинск (Russian*),^[KNAB] Čeljabinsk – Челябінск (Ukrainian*), Čeljabinsk – Чељабинск (Macedonian*), Çelyabi – Челябі (Kazakh*),^[KNAB] Cheliábinsk (Spanish*), Chēlǐyǎbīnsīkè – 車里雅賓斯克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Čheljabinsk – Չելյաբինսկ (Armenian*), Cheryabinsuku – チェリャビンスク (Japanese*), Çiläbe – Чиләбе (Kazan Tatar*),^[KNAB] Czelabińsk (Polish*),^[KNAB] Siläbe – Силәбе (Bashkir*),^[KNAB] Tankograd – Танкоград (Russian nickname during Soviet times*), Tcheliabinsk (French*),^[KNAB] Tšilīābinsk – تشيليابنسك (Arabic*), Tsjeljabinsk (Dutch*),^[KNAB] Tscheljabinsk (German*)
Chengdu	成都 - Chéngdu (Mandarin Chinese), Seito - 成都 [せいと] (Japanese), Seongdo - 성도 [成都] (Korean), Thành Đô (Vietnamese), Čengdu - Ченгду (Macedonian*), Chingdū - چېڭدۇ / Чеңду (Uighur), چنگدو (Urdu), செங்டு (Tamil), Chhengtu - ছেংতু (Bengali)
Chennai	Čenaj - Ченај or Čenai - Ченаи (Macedonian), Chennai - チェンナイ (Japanese), Madras (former name), Madràs (alternate in Catalan), Μάδρας (Greek), Madras - Мадрас (alternate in Macedonian), Mədrəs (alternate in Azerbaijani), চেন্নাই (Bengali), ચેન્નઈ (Gujarati), चेन्नई (Hindi, Marathi), ಚೆನ್ನೈ (Kannada), சென்னை (Tamil), చెన్న పట్టణం (Telugu), چنئی (Urdu), Mǎdélāsī - 马德拉斯 / 馬德拉斯 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), Qīnnài - 钦奈 / 欽奈 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), 첸나이 (Korean)
Cheremkhovo	Arangata - Арангата (Buryat),^[KNAB] Čeremxovo - Черемхово (Macedonian, Russian),^[KNAB] Qièlièmǔhuòwò - 切列姆霍沃 (Mandarin Chinese), Seremhovo (Finnish), شیریم خووو (Urdu), செரெங்கோவோ (Tamil)
Chiang Mai	Chiang Mai - (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese), Čiang Mai - Чианг Маи or Čijang Maj - Чијанг Мај (Macedonian), เชียงใหม่ (Thai), 치앙마이 (Korean), Qīngmài - 清迈 / 清邁 (simplified and traditional Chinese) (Mandarin Chinese), (Tēsabānnakōn) Chenmai - (テーサバーンナコーン)チェンマイ (Japanese)
Chittagong	Sheetaghungh / شيتاغونغ (Arabic) from Shatt Al-Ghanj / شط الغانج [The Ganges Delta], Čitagong - Читагонг (Macedonian), Chottogram / চট্টগ্রাম (Bengali), Cheetagaon - چٹگاؤں (Urdu), சிட்டகாங் (Tamil), Chatigão (Portuguese), Chittagon - チッタゴン (Japanese)
Chongqing	Chóngqìng - 重庆 / 重慶 (simplified and traditional Chinese), Jūkei - 重慶 [じゅうけい] (Japanese), Chunggyeong - 중경 [重慶] (Korean), Chūngchīng - چۇڭچىڭ / Чуңчиң (Uyghur), Chungqing (Dutch), Trùng Khánh (Vietnamese), చోంగ్కింగ్ (Telugu), چونگ چنگ (Urdu), சோங்கிங் (Tamil), Čungking - Чунгкинг (Macedonian), Chhungchhing - ছুংছিং (Bengali)

D

English Name	Other names or former names
Damascus	Dimašq - دمشق / Ash-Shām - الشام / Jilliq - جلق (Arabic), Şam (Kurdish, Crimean Tatar, Turkish), Δαμασκός (Greek), Dımeşk (obsolete Turkish), Damaskos - Դամասկոս, Šam - Շամ (Armenian), Dəməşq, Şam (Azerbaijani), Damas (French), Dammeseq - דַּמֶּשֶׂק (Hebrew), Damask - Дамаск (Russian, Bulgarian), Dimaşq˙ (Chechen), ¯Sam - Щам (Kabardian [Circassian]), Damesek (Karaim), Damasc (Catalan, Romanian), Damasco (Italian, Spanish, Portuguese), Damascus (Dutch, Latin, Scottish Gaelic, Welsh), Damasko (Esperanto), Damaskus (Danish, Estonian, Finnish, German, Indonesia, Norwegian), Damasku (Albanian), Damask - Дамаск (Croatian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovenian), Damaszkusz (Hungarian), Damašek (Czech), Damaszek (Polish), Damaskos (Northern Lapp), Damaisc (Irish), Dimshek (Somali), Dameski (Swahili), Damashƙa (Hausa), Damaxk - دهمهشق (Uighur), Dàmǎshìgé - 大馬士革 (traditional characters) / 大马士革 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Dímǐshí - 敵米石 (Ming dynasty era Chinese name),[3][4] Damasukasu - ダマスカス (Japanese), Damaseukuseu - 다마스쿠스 (Korean), Damsyik (Malay), Dameshk - দামেস্ক (Bengali), დამასკო (Georgian), دمشق (Persian, Urdu), டமஸ்கஸ் (Tamil)
Da Nang	Đà Nẵng (Vietnamese), Danan - ダナン (Japanese), Da Nang - Да Нанг or Danang - Дананг (Macedonian*), Tourane (French [former]), Turan - Туран (Macedonian [former]), Xiàngǎng - 峴港 (traditional characters) 岘港 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), ڈا نانگ (Urdu), தனங் (Tamil)
Dhaka	Ḍhaka ঢাকা (Bengali, Assamese), Ḍakha ঢাখা (Sylheti), ढाका (Hindi, Marathi), ڈھاکا (Urdu), دكا (Arabic, Persian), ઢાકા (Gujarati), Dacca (former English name until 1982, Italian, former Romanian, Spanish, alternate in Catalan and French), Dákǎ 達卡 (traditional characters) 达卡 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Daka - Дака (Macedonian*), Dakka - Дакка (Russian), Dakka - ダッカ (Japanese), Dəkkə (Azerbaijani), Daca (Portuguese), დაკა (Georgian), டாக்கா (Tamil), Jahangirnagar (historic name) [5]
Dili	Dili (Indonesian, Tetum), Díli (Portuguese), Dili - Дили (Macedonian*), Dilly (archaic English), دیلی (Urdu), திலி (Tamil), Dìlì - 帝力 (Mandarin Chinese), Diri - ディリ (Japanese)
Diyarbakır	Amida - ܐܡܝܕܐ (Syriac), Amid - Ամիդ (Armenian),^[KNAB] Amed - ئامه‌د (Kurdish),^[KNAB] Amida (Latin),^[KNAB] Diarbak‘ir - Դիարբաքիր (Armenian alternative),^[KNAB] Diarbakiri - დიარბაქირი (Georgian),^[KNAB] Diarbek‘ir - Դիարբեքիր (Armenian alternative),^[KNAB] Dijarbakir - Дијарбакир or Dijarbekir - Дијарбекир (Macedonian*), Dijarbakyr - Диярбакыр (Russian),^[KNAB] Diyarbəkir (Azerbaijani), Diyarbakır (Turkish^[KNAB]), Diyarbekir (Kurdish alternative, historic Turkish [pre–1937]),^[KNAB] Diyarbekır (Zazaki), Diyar-ı Bekir - ديار بکر (Ottoman Turkish), Kara Âmid - قره آمد (Ottoman Turkish), Tiarpek‘ir - Տիարպեքիր (Western Armenian alternative), دیار باکر (Urdu), தியார்பேக்கிர் (Tamil)
Dushanbe	Djušambe - Дюшамбе (historic Russian [pre–1929], Doesjanbe (Dutch*, Afrikaans*), Döšembe - Дюшембе (Lak),^[KNAB] Douchanbé (French),^[KNAB] Duchambe (Spanish),^[KNAB] Duchambé (Portuguese),^[KNAB] Dūchānbē - ดูชานเบ (Thai)*, Duixanbe (Catalan), Duśāmbai - दुशांबे (Hindi), Duśambai - दुशंबे (Hindi),^[KNAB] Dusambé (Spanish),[6] Düşämbe - Дүшәмбе (Tatar, Bashkir),^[KNAB] Duśānbai - दुशान्बे (Hindi)*, Dusanbe (Hungarian)*,^[KNAB] Dušanbe (Croatian, Latvian, Slovak, Slovenian), Dušanbe - Душанбе (Bulgarian*, Russian*,^[KNAB] Macedonian*, Serbian*), Dušanbe - Душанбе - دوشنبه‎ (Tajik)*, Dušanbe - დუშანბე (Georgian)*, Dušanbe - Դուշանբե (Armenian)*, Dušanbė (Lithuanian)*,^[KNAB] Duşanbe (Turkish)*, Duşanbe - Душанбе (Kazakh)*, Dușanbe (Romanian), Duşanbe-qurƣon - Душанбе-қурғон - دوشنبه قورغان‎ (historic Tajik), Düşənbə (Azerbaijani)*,^[KNAB] Duŝanbeo (Esperanto), Duschanbe (German),^[KNAB] Duşenbe (Kurdish)*, Duşenbe - Душенбе (Turkmen),^[KNAB] Düşenbe (Turkish),^[KNAB] Dushambe - ドゥシャンベ (Japanese)*, Dūshanbah - دوشنبة (Arabic),^[KNAB] Dushanbe - Душанбе (Karakalpak*, Uzbek*), Dushanbe - דושאנבע (Yiddish)*, Dùshàngbié - 杜尚別 (Mandarin Chinese)*,^[KNAB] Düshenbe - دۈشەنبە - Дүшәнбә (Uyghur),^[KNAB] Dusjanbe (Danish*, Swedish*), Dusyanbe - 두샨베 (Korean)*, Duszanbe (Polish)*,^[KNAB] Düyşömbü - Дүйшөмбү (Kyrgyz),^[KNAB] Dyushambe (historic English [pre–1929]), Hissar (historic name), Shǐdálínnàbādé - 史達林納巴德 (historic Mandarin Chinese [1929–1964]), Stalinabad (historic English [1929–1964]), Stalinabad - Сталинабад (historic Russian [1929–1964]), St'alinabadi - სტალინაბადი (historic Georgian [1929–1964]), Stalinobod - Сталинобод - ستالینآباد‎ (historic Tajik [1929–1964]), دوشنبہ (Urdu)*, دوشنبه (Pashto)*, Ντουσαμπέ (Greek)*, துசன்பே (Tamil)

E

English Name	Other names or former names
Elâzığ	Elazığ (Azerbaijani, Turkish alternative), Elâzığ (Turkish),^[KNAB] Elazig - Елазиг (Macedonian*), Elazıı - (Gagauz), Elazık (historic Turkish, 1937), Elâzîz (Turkish, pre–1937), Elezîz - (Kurdish), Èljazyg - Элязыг (Russian),^[KNAB] Elyazik‘ - Էլյազիք (Armenian alternative),^[KNAB] Ḥarfūṭ - ܟܪܦܘܬ (Syriac), Mamuretülaziz (Turkish, 1866–?), Mezra (Kurdish alternative), Xarberd - Խարբերդ (Armenian), Xarpêt (Kurdish alternative, Zazaki), Xarpıt (Zazaki alternative), Xarpiyêt (Zazaki alternative), Xarpût (Kurdish alternative), الازیغ (Urdu), எலாசிக் (Tamil)
Erbil	Arbaelo - ܐܪܒܝܠ (Syriac), Arbela (Latin), Arbīl - اربيل (Arabic),^[KNAB] Ərbil (Azerbaijani), Erbil (Turkish), Erbil - Ербил (Macedonian), Èrbilʼ - Эрбиль (Russian),^[KNAB] Hewlêr - ھەولێر (Kurdish),^[KNAB] Irbīl - اربيل (Arabic alternative)^[KNAB] , اربيل (Urdu), எர்பில் (Tamil), Arbil - আর্বিল (Bengali)
Erzurum	Eruzurum - Ерзурум (Macedonian*), Eruzurumu - エルズルム (Japanese) also written as Erzerum or Erzeroum in some texts until the early 20th century, formerly known as Arzen during the Roman period, Theodosiopolis (after Theodosius I) during the Byzantine period and Karin (Կարին) in Armenian (hence Karnu-kalaki, კარნუ-ქალაქი, of the medieval Georgians), ارض روم (Urdu), எர்சுரும் (Tamil)
Eskişehir	Əskişəhər (Azerbaijani), Dorylaeum (Latin), Esquiceir (Portuguese), İskeşähär - Эскишехир (Tatar), Āisījīxièxīěr - 埃斯基谢希尔 (Chinese), Eskisechír - Εσκισεχίρ (Greek), Dorylaion - Δορύλαιον (Former Greek)

F

English Name	Other names or former names
Faisalabad	Faisarābādo - ファイサラーバード (Japanese), Lyallpur (historic English changed to Faisalabad in 1977), فیصل آباد (Urdu), Faysalabad (Turkish), ஃபைசலாபாத் (Tamil), Foysalabad - ফয়সালাবাদ (Bengali)
Fukuoka	Hukuoka (Southern Min), Dazaifu - 大宰府 (former Japanese), Phukuoka - फुकुओका (Hindi), Ḥpukuyōkā - ஃபுகுயோகா (Tamil), Phukuvēāka - ഫുകുവോക (Malayalam), Fukōkā - ෆුකෝකා (Sinhala), Hukuoka - 후쿠오카 (Korean), Fwkwoka - Фукуока (Kazakh), Phuku’ōkā - ફુકુઓકા (Gujarati), Fúgāng - 福冈 (Chinese)
Fushun	Fouchouen (French), Fuxi - 撫西 (alternate Chinese), Bú-sūn (Southern Min), Ū-sông (Eastern Min), Phủ Thuận (Vietnamese)

G

English Name	Other names or former names
Gallipoli	Galipole - Галиполе (Macedonian), Galipoli - גליפולי (Hebrew)*, Galipolis (Lithuanian)*, Galipolje (Croatian*, Serbian*), Gallipoli (Dutch*, Finnish*, French*, German*, Italian*, Romanian*), Gallipolli / Kallip'olli - 갈리폴리 (Korean), Gelibolu (Turkish)*, Kallípolis - Καλλίπολις (Greek)*, گیلی بولو (Urdu), கல்லிபோலி (Tamil)
Ganja	Elisabethpol (former German), Elisávetpoli - Ελισάβετπολη (former Greek), Elizavetpol' - Елизаветполь (former Russian), Gandja (Danish*, French*, Portuguese*, Spanish*), Gandscha (German)*, Gandža (Estonian*, Finnish*, Lithuanian*), Gandža - Ганџа (Macedonian), Gandžā (Latvian*), Gandża (Polish)*, Gandzak - Գանձակ (Armenian)*, Ganzha - Ганжа (former Russian), Gandzja (Dutch)*, Gandzsá (Hungarian*), Ganga - ܓܢܓܐ (Syriac), Gangia (Italian)*, Ganja - განჯა (Georgian)*, Ganja - גנג׳ה (Hebrew), Ganjeh - گنجه (Persian)*, Ghianja (Romanian*), Gjandža - Гјанџа (Serbian)*, Gyandzha - Гянджа (Belarusian*, Bulgarian*, Russian*, Ukrainian*), Gəncə [Ҝәнҹә] (Azerbaijani)*, Gence - گنجه (Kurdish)*, Gence (Turkish)*, Giantzá - Γκιαντζά (Greek)*, Janzā - جنزا (Arabic*), Kirovabad - Кировабад (former Russian), گانجا (Urdu), கஞ்சா (Tamil)
Guangzhou	Canton (English [historic/alternate], Catalan, French, Welsh, Italian, Romanian), Cantão (Portuguese), Cantón (Spanish), * Gwóngjàu - 广州 / 廣州 (Cantonese), Gwangju - 광주 [廣州] (Korean), Guangdžou - Гуангџоу (Macedonian), Guǎngzhōu - 广州 (simplified characters) / 廣州 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Kńg-chiu - 广州 / 廣州 (Minnan / Taiwanese), Guōng-ciŭ - 广州 / 廣州 (Mindong), Gvangjcouh (Zhuang), Kanton / Guangzhou (German), Kanton (Dutch, Finnish Polish, Turkish), Kantona - Καντόνα (Greek), Kōshū - 広州 [こうしゅう] (Japanese), Quảng Châu (Vietnamese), กวางเจา (Thai), გუანჯოუ, კანტონი (Georgian), گوانگ ژو (Urdu), குவாங்சு (Tamil), Kuyangchou - কুয়াংচৌ (Bengali)

H

English Name	Other names or former names
Haifa	Caifa / Caiphas (former medieval crusader names, Italian), Haïfa (French), Haifa - ハイファ (Japanese), Chaifa - Χάιφα (Greek), Haifa (English, Spanish, German, Portuguese, Italian), Haifa - Хаифа (Macedonian*), Hǎifǎ - 海法 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Haipa - ჰაიფა (Georgian), Hajfa (Polish), Ḥayfā - حيفا (Arabic), Hayfa (Turkish, Azerbaijani), Ḥáyfa - חיפה (Hebrew), Sycaminon / Sykaminos (other names [archaic]), ܚܝܦܐ (Aramaic), حيفا (Urdu), ஹைபா (Tamil), Khayfa - Хайфа (Russian, Ukrainian), Haifa - हाइफ़ा (Hindi), Haipa - 하이파 (Korean)
Hanoi	Hénèi - 河内 (Mandarin Chinese), Hanoi - ハノイ (Japanese), Hanoj - Ханој (Macedonian*), 하노이 (Korean), هانوي (Arabic), Khanoy/Khanoj - Ханой (Russian), Hà Nội(Vietnamese)
Harbin	Harbin (English, Spanish, French, Portuguese), Harbin - Харбин (Macedonian), Hā'ěrbīn - 哈尔滨/哈爾濱 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Harubin - ハルビン (Japanese), Ha-eolbin - 하얼빈 (Korean), Kharbin - Харбин (Russian, Mongolian), Cáp Nhĩ Tân (Vietnamese), Charmpin - Χαρμπίν (Greek)
Hebron	Al-Khalīl - الخليل (Arabic), Əl Xəlil (Azerbaijani), Chevrón(a) - Χεβρών(α) (Greek), El-Halil (Turkish), Halilürrahman (Ottoman Turkish), Ḥeḇrôn - חֶבְרוֹן (Hebrew [Tiberian]) Hebron (Scottish Gaelic), Hebrón (Spanish), Hebron - Хеброн (Macedonian), Hebroni - ჰებრონი (Georgian), Heburon - ヘブロン (Japanese), Ḥevron - חֶבְרוֹן (Hebrew [Standard]), Kiryat-Arba - קִרְיַת־(הְ)אַרְבַּע (ancient Hebrew),^[KNAB] Xībólún - 希伯侖 / 希伯倫 / 希伯崙 (Mandarin Chinese), الخليل (Urdu), ஹெப்ரான் (Tamil), Al-Kholil - আল-খলিল (Bengali)
Hiroshima	Guāngdǎo - 广岛 / 廣島 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Hirosima - 히로시마 (Korean), Hirošima - Хирошима (Macedonian*), Khirosima - Хиросима (Russian), Thành phố Hiroshima (Vietnamese), Hiroşima (Turkish)
Ho Chi Minh City	Gajeong - 嘉定 (archaic Korean), Gia Ðịnh - 嘉定 (archaic Vietnamese), Ho Ši Min - Хо Ши Мин (Macedonian*), Hōchimin - ホーチミン (Japanese), Nakhone hôchimin - ນະຄອນໂຮ່ຈີມິນ (Lao),^[KNAB], Ho Chi Minh-Stad (Dutch), Hošiminas (Lithuanian), Ho Si Min Város (Hungarian), Ho Și Min (Romanian), Ho Ši Mini - ჰო ში მინი (Georgian), Ho Tsji Ming-Stad (former Dutch), Hú Zhìmíng Shì - 胡志明市 (Mandarin Chinese), Jiādìng - 嘉定 (Classical Chinese), Katei - 嘉定 (archaic Japanese), Nakhǭn Hōčhimin - นครโฮจิมินห์ (Thai),^[KNAB] Ô͘ Chì-bêng Chhī 胡志明市 (Taiwanese), Prey Nôkôr - ព្រៃនគរ (Khmer),^[KNAB] Sài Gòn (former Vietnamese), Saigon (former English, Catalan, Italian, former Romanian), Saigón (Spanish), Sāigung - 西貢 (former Cantonese), Sai-kòng - 西貢 (former Taiwanese), Sainggônmyo - ဆိုင်ဂုံမြို့ (Burmese),^[KNAB] Saingǭn - ไซ่ง่อน (former Thai), Sajgon - Сајгон (former Macedonian), ^[KNAB] Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh (Vietnamese),^[KNAB] Wùh Jimìhng Síh - 胡志明市 (Cantonese), Xaingon - ໄຊງ່ອນ (former Lao),^[KNAB] Xīgòng - 西貢 (former Mandarin Chinese), ھوچی من شہر (Urdu), ஹோ சி மின் நகரம் (Tamil) See also: Names of Ho Chi Minh City
Hohhot	Hohot - Хохот (Macedonian), Hūhéhàotè - 呼和浩特 (Mandarin Chinese), Fufuhoto - フフホト (Japanese), Huheo Hao Teo - 후허 하오 터 (Korean), Khukh-khoto - Хух-Хото (Russian), Khökh khot - Хөх хот (Mongolian), Chochot - Χοχότ (Greek)
Hong Kong	Chongk Kongk - Χονγκ Κονγκ (Greek), Hāńgkāńg - हांगकांग (Hindi),^[KNAB] Hańkań - হংকং (Bengali),^[KNAB] Hēunggóng - 香港 (Cantonese), Hiong-káng - 香港 (Minnan, Taiwanese), Hiông-kóng - 香港 (Hakka), Hong Cong (Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Hong Kong - 홍콩 (Korean alternate), Hong Kong (archaic English), Hоngkong - Хонгконг (Macedonian*), Hǭngkong - ฮ่องกง (Thai), Honkon - ホンコン / 香港 (Japanese), Honkong - Хонконг (Mongolian), Honkongo (Esperanto), * Hương Cảng or Hồng Công (Vietnamese), Hyanghang - 향항 / 香港 (Korean), Shanggang - ཤང་ཀང (Tibetan),^[KNAB] Victoria (obsolete, colonial name of the city on the north shore of Hong Kong Island), Xianggang - 香港 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Yanghgangj (Zhuang), Hong Ķongi - ჰონგ კონგი (Georgian), ھونگ کونگ (Urdu), ஹாங்காங் (Tamil), Hónggóng -ຫ້ອງກົງ (Lao)
Hyderabad	Aitarāpāt - ஐதராபாத் (Tamil),^[KNAB] Aitarāpāttu - ஐதராபாத்து (Tamil), Haidarābād - हैदराबाद (Hindi, Marathi),^[KNAB] Haidarābād - حیدر آباد (Urdu, Farsi), Haidarābād - ഹൈദരാബാദ് (Malayalam),^[KNAB] Haidarabadi - ჰაიდარაბადი (Georgian), Haidarābādu - ಹೈದರಾಬಾದು (Kannada),^[KNAB] ಹೇದರಾಬಾದ್ (Kannada), Haidarābādu - హైదరాబాదు (Telugu),^[KNAB] Haiderabādo - ハイデラバード (Japanese), Haidœ̄rābāt - ไฮเดอราบาด (Thai), Haidrābādu - హైద్రాబాదు (alternative Telugu),^[KNAB] Haidrarābād - હૈદ્રરાબાદ (Gujarati),^[KNAB] Haitarāpāt - னைதராபாத் (Tamil),^[KNAB] Hajderabad - Хајдерабад (Macedonian), Haydorābād - হায়দরাবাদ (Bengali),^[KNAB]

I

English Name	Other names or former names
Irkutsk	Erhüü - Эрхүү (Buryat and Mongolian), Irkutsk - Иркутск (Macedonian, Russian), Irkuțk (Romanian), Irkoutsk (French), Irukūtsuku - イルクーツク (Japanese), Yìěrkùcīkè - 伊爾庫茨克 (traditional characters) 伊尔库茨克 (simplified characters) (Chinese), Irkuck (Polish), ირკუტსკი (Georgian), ارکوتسک (Urdu), இர்க்குட்ஸ்க் (Tamil)
Isfahan	Aspadana (Persian); Isbahan (Arabic); Gabae, Jay, Sepahan, Yahudiyya (ancient); Esfahan, Hispahan, Ispahan, Eshfahon/Ispahan - এসফাহন/ইস্পাহান (Bengali) See also: Names of Isfahan
İskenderun	Alejandría (Spanish), Aleksandretta (Polish), Alessandretta (Italian), Alexandreta (Portuguese), Alexandretta (variant in English, German), Alexandrétta - Αλεξανδρέττα (Greek), Alexandria - Αλεξάνδρια (Greek), Alexandrette (variant in French, German), Alexandria (Romanian), Alexandrie* (Czech), Alexandrië (Dutch), Iskandarūn - إسكندرون (Arabic), (al-)Iskandariya (former Arabic), İskenderiye (Turkish until 1939), İskenderun (Turkish), Iskenderun - Искендерун or Aleksandreta - Александрета (Macedonian), İsgəndərun (Azerbaijani), Scanderoon (former variant in English), Isukenderun - イスケンデルン (Japanese), ისქანდერუნი (Georgian), اسكندرون (Urdu), இஸ்கெந்தரன் (Tamil)
Istanbul	Carigrad - Цариград / Konstantinopol - Константинопол / Stambol - Стамбол (former Macedonian*), Constantinopla (historic Spanish), Estambul (Spanish), Istamboul (French alternative), Isutanbūru - イスタンブール (Japanese), Istambul (Portuguese), Isztanbul (Hungarian), Stambul (former Romanian), Țarigrad (former Romanian), Konstantinopel (Swedish), Ыстамбұл (Kazakh), استنبول (Urdu), இஸ்தான்புல் (Tamil)
Izmir	Esmirna (Catalan, Portuguese, Spanish), Ezmirna (Ladino), Ijeumireu - 이즈미르 (Korean), İzmir (Turkish, Azerbaijani), Izmir (Dutch, Hungarian, Romanian), Izmir - Измир (Macedonian*, Russian*, Serbian), Izmira (Latvian), Izumiru - イズミル (Japanese), Smiorna (Irish), Smirna (former Romanian), Smirna - Смирна (former Macedonian, former Serbian), Smirne (Italian), Smýrni - Σμύρνη (Greek), Smyrna (Polish, variant in English), Szmirna (historic Hungarian), იზმირი (Georgian), Զմիւռնիա or Իզմիր (Armenian /Zmyurnia or Izmiř/), Yīzīmìěr 伊兹密尔 / 伊茲密爾 (Mandarin Chinese)*, ازمیر (Urdu), இஸ்மீர் (Tamil)

J

English Name	Other names or former names
Jaipur	जयपुर (Hindi), જયપુર (Gujarati), जयपूर (Marathi), ਜੈਪੁਰ (Punjabi), জয়পুর (Bengali), ଜୟପୁର (Odisha), செய்ப்பூர் (Tamil), జైపూర్ (Telegu), 齋浦爾 (Mandarain Chinese), ജയ്‌പൂർ (Malayalam), Джайпур (Russian), Jaipur (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish)
Jakarta	Batavia (Dutch colonial name), Betawi (former Malay, former Indonesian), Sunda Kelapa (original native name), Cakarta (Turkish), Djakarta (Dutch alternate, French, German, Romanian), Dzhakarta - Джакарта (Russian), Džakarta (Croatian), Džakarta - Џакарта (Macedonian*, Serbian), Dżakarta (Polish), Dzsakarta (Hungarian), Giacarta (Italian), Iacárta (Irish), Jacarta (Portuguese), Jakaruta - ジャカルタ (Japanese), Jakareuta - 자카르타 (Korean), Jagatara - ジャガタラ (Japanese [archaic]), Τζακάρτα (Greek), ჯაკარტა (Georgian), Yǎjiādá - 雅加达 / 雅加逹 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters), Yakarta (Spanish), जकार्ता (Hindi), ஜகார்த்தா (Tamil), Yéjiādá - 爷加达 / 耶加逹 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified / traditional characters)
Jericho	Arīħa, أريحا (Arabic) Yerīħo, יְרִיחוֹ (Hebrew) Jericó (Catalan, Spanish), Erihon - Ерихон (Macedonian), Gerico (Italian), Ireachó (Irish), Ierihon (Romanian), Jéricho (French), Yariho - यरीहो (Hindi), Jeriko (Finnish), Jerycho (Polish), იერიქონი (Georgian), Ιεριχώ (Iericho) (Greek), Iericho (Scottish Gaelic), Eriha, Ceriko (Turkish), Yeriko - イェリコ (Japanese), 예리코 (Korean), جریکو (Urdu), ஜெரிச்சோ (Tamil), Jiélǐkē - 杰里科 / 傑里科 (Mandarin Chinese; simplified/traditional characters - modern name), Yēlìgē - 耶利哥 (Mandarin Chinese - biblical name), Areeha - আরীহা (Bengali)
Jeddah	جدّة - Jiddah (Arabic), Cidde (Turkish), Dschidda (German), Jedda - जेद्दा (Hindi), Djedda (Dutch), Djeddah (French), Džeda - Џеда (Macedonian*), Jedda (Spanish, Finnish), Jedda/Jidda - ジェッダ/ジッダ (Japanese), Gedda (Italian), Gidda (Catalan), Jidá (Portuguese), Ciddə (Azerbaijani), Dżudda (Polish), Džida (Lithuanian), Yidda (Spanish var.), ჯედა (Georgian), جدہ (Urdu), ஜித்தா (Tamil), Jedda/Jeddah/Jidda - জেদ্দা/জেদ্দাহ/জিদ্দা (Bengali), Zidda - জিদ্দা (Sylheti)
Jerusalem	Baitul Maqdis (Malays), Єрусалим (Ukrainian), Erusalim - Ерусалим (Macedonian*), Erusaremu - エルサレム (Japanese), Gerusalemme (Italian), Hierusalem (Latin), Iarúsailéim (Irish), Ierusalem (Scottish Gaelic), Ierusalim (Romanian), Ierusalím - Ιερουσαλήμ or Ierosólima - Ιεροσόλυμα (Greek), Ierusalimi - იერუსალიმი (Georgian), Ierusalim - Иерусалим (Russian), Jerozolima (Polish), Jerusalem (Catalan, Danish, Finnish, German, Norwegian, Swedish), Jérusalem (French), Jerúsalem, Jórsalir or Jórsalaborg (Icelandic), Yarushalem - यरूशलेम (Hindi), Jerusalém (Portuguese), Jerusalén (Spanish), Jeruusalemm (Estonian), Jerusalim - Јерусалим (Serbian), Jeruzalem (Croatian, Dutch, Polish (old), Slovak, Slovene), Jeruzalém (Czech), Giêrusalem (Vietnamese)', Giê-ru-xa-lem (former Vietnamese), Jeruzalė (Lithuanian), Jeruzāleme (Latvian), Jeruzsálem^IW (Hungarian), Jérusalem (French), Kudüs (Turkish), al-Quds - القُدس / القـُدْس (Arabic), Qüds / Yerusəlim (Azerbaijani), Yerusalam (Indonesian) Yərušaláyim - יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Hebrew), Yərûšəlem - יְרוּשְׁלֶם (Aramaic), Kudüs (Turkish), Quddus (Uzbek), እየሩሳሌም (Amharic), Yēlùsālěng - 耶路撒冷^IW (Mandarin Chinese), Yerusaghem - Երուսաղեմ (Armenian), Yerushalayim - יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Hebrew), Yerusallem - 예루살렘 (Korean), اورشلیم (Persian) Former names: Jorsal (Old Norse), یروشلم (Urdu), ஜெருசலேம் (Tamil), Al-Kudus - আল-কুদুস (Bengali) See also: Names of Jerusalem

K

English Name	Other names or former names
Karachi	Karachi - カラチ (Japanese), कराची (Hindi), Karaçi (Turkish), Karači - Карачи (Macedonian), Karaczi (Polish), Kəraçi (Azerbaijani), ყარაჩი (Georgian), ڪراچي (Sindhi), كراچى (Urdu), Kǎlāqí - 卡拉奇 (Mandarin Chinese) Former name: Kolachi (early 19th century name), கராச்சி (Tamil), Korāchī - করাচী (Bengali), Karachī - কারাচী (Sylheti)
Kayseri	Caesarea (Latin), Kaiseri - カイセリ (Japanese), Kaјseri - Кајсери (Macedonian*), Kayseri (Turkish), Qeysəriyyə (Azerbaijani) Former names: Cäsarea (German), Caesarea (English), Cesarea (Italian), Kaisáreia - Καισάρεια (Greek), Mazaca (ancient name in Latin), Mazaka (ancient name in Greek), کیسری (Urdu), கைசேரி (Tamil)
Kerman (city)	Bardsir, Bardašir, Govāšir (Ancient);[7] كرمان (Persian)
Kermanshah	Bākhtarān (historic Persian), Ghahramanshahr (historic Persian), Kermanšah - Керманшах (Macedonian*), Kirmanşah (Turkish), Kerumānshā - ケルマーンシャー (Japanese), Kirmaşan (Kurdish), کرمانشاه (Persian), کرمان شاہ (Urdu), கெர்மான்ஷா (Tamil)
Khabarovsk	Bólì - 伯力 (alternative name in Chinese), Hābāluófūsīkè - 哈巴罗夫斯克 (Chinese), Habarobseukeu - 하바롭스크 (Korean), Habarofusuku - ハバロフスク (Japanese), Habarovsk - Хабаровск (Macedonian), خباروسکی (Urdu), கபரொவ்ஸ்க் (Tamil)
Kolkata	Calcuta (Catalan, Romanian, Spanish), Calcúta (Irish), Calcutá (Portuguese), Calcutta (Danish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish), Jiā'ěrgèdá - 加爾各答 (Mandarin Chinese (traditional characters)), Kalkoúta - Καλκούτα (Greek), Kalkuta (Serbian, Polish), Kalküta (Turkish), Kalkuta - Калкута (former Macedonian), Kalkutta (Finnish,German), Kalʼkutta - Калькутта (Russian), Kəlküttə (Azerbaijani), Ka-ní-kok-tap - 加爾各答 (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Korukata - コルカタ (Japanese), কলকাতা / কলিকাতা (Bengali), კალკუტა (Georgian), कोलकाता (Hindi, current), कलकत्ता (Hindi, traditional), കൊല്ക്കത്ത (Malayalam), கொல்கத்தா (Tamil) Former name: Calcutta (English, French), Kholkhata - খলখাটা (Sylheti), کلکتہ (Urdu), Kolkata- Колката (Macedonian*), Karukatta - カルカッタ (Japanese) See also: Etymology of Kolkata
Kota Kinabalu	Kotakinabaru - コタキナバル (Japanese), Kota Kinabalu - Кота Кинабалу (Macedonian*) Former names: Api (colonial Japanese name), A-pì - 亞庇 (Hokkien), Api-Api (former Malay), Jesselton (colonial English name), Yàbì - 亞庇 (Mandarin Chinese [traditional]), کوٹا کنا بالو (Urdu), கோத்தா கினபாலு (Tamil)
Kuala Lumpur	Jílóngpō - 吉隆坡 (Mandarin Chinese), Kouala Loumpou (Créole), Kúala Lúmpúr (Icelandic), Kuala Lumpur - Куала Лумпур (Macedonian*), Kuala-Lumpur - Куала-Лумпур (Russian, Ukrainian), Kuala-Lumpuro (Esperanto), Kuararumpūru - クアラルンプール (Japanese), Kvala Lumpūras (Lithuanian), კუალა ლუმპური (Georgian), கோலாலம்பூர் (Tamil), کوالا لومپور (Urdu)
Kuwait City	Former names: Al-Kuwayt, Al Quaat, Graen, Grain, Grane, Grave, Koweit, Kuwet, Kuweit, Quade, Qurein,[8][9][10][11] مدينة الكويت (Arabic) Cathair Chuibhèit (Scottish Gaelic), Ciudad de Kuwait (Spanish), Kuvajt - Кувајт (Macedonian*), Kuvajto (Esperanto), குவைத் நகரம் (Tamil)
Kyoto	Gyeongdo - 경도 [京都] (Korean), Gyoto - 교토 (Korean), Jīngdū - 京都 (Mandarin Chinese (traditional and simplified characters)), Kiaⁿ-to͘ - 京都 (Hokkien/Taiwanese*), Kioto (Afrikaans, Basque, Dutch, Esperanto, Finnish, Polish, Spanish), Киото (Russian), Kijotas (Lithuanian), Kjoto - Кјото (Macedonian*), Kyōto - 京都 [きょうと] (Japanese*), Quioto (Galician, Portuguese), کیو تو (Urdu), கியோட்டோ (Tamil),
Kyzyl	Belocarsk - Белоцарск (Russian [pre-1918]),^[KNAB] Belotsarsk (English [pre-1918]), Kěnmùbìqíěr - 肯木畢其爾 (Mandarin Chinese [Taiwan usage]),[12] Kèzīlēi - 克孜勒 (Mandarin Chinese* (traditional and simplified characters)), Khem Belder (English [1918-1926]),[13] Kijil - 키질 (Korean*), Kijil Qota - ᠬᠢᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ (Classical Mongolian), Kizil - Кизил (Macedonian, Mongolian^[KNAB]), Kīzīl - كيزيل (Arabic*), Kızıl (Turkish*), Kizil Khoto (obsolete English variant),[13] Kizila - किज़िल (Hindi*), Krasnyj - Красный (Russian [unofficial variant 1920-1926]),^[KNAB] Kyzyl (English, French*, Spanish*), Kyzyl - Кызыл (Belarusian*, Buryat, Mongolian*, Russian*, Yakut), Kyzyl - Кизил (Ukrainian*), Kyzyl-Khoto (former English variant),[14] Kuzuru - クズル (Japanese*), Qızıl - Қызыл (Kazakh*), Qizil - قىزىل (Uyghur),^[KNAB] Qızıl - Кызыл (Tatar*), Qıźıl - Ҡыҙыл (Bashkir),^[KNAB] Qyzyl - Къызыл (Karachay-Balkar,^[KNAB] Kumyk^[KNAB]), Urjanxajsk - Урянхайск (Russian [unofficial variant 1918-1920]), Xem Beldiri - Хем Белдири (Tuvan [1918-1926]),^[KNAB] Xem-Beldyr - Хем-Белдыр (Russian [1918-1926])^[KNAB], قزل (Urdu), கிசில் (Tamil)

L

English Name	Other names or former names
Lahore	لاہور (Urdu), लाहौर (Hindi), লাহোর (Bengali), ლაჰორი (Georgian), Λαχώρης (Greek), ละฮ อร์ (Thai), לאַכאָ (Yiddish), Laxor - Лахор (Ukrainian), లాహోర్ (Telugu), ಲಾಹೋರ್ (Kannada), லாகூர் (Tamil), Լահոր (Armenian), Láhaur (Slovak), લાહોર (Gujrati), 拉合尔 (simplified characters), 拉合爾 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Láhaur (Czech), Lahor - Лахор (Macedonian*), Lakhor - Лахор (Russian), Lahore (English, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Latin, Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Dutch, Danish, German, Croatian, Irish), लहोरे (Nepali), ラホール (Japanese), Raholleu - 라호르 (Korean) See also: Etymology of Lahore
Lhasa	Lhasa (English, French, Spanish, German, Italian, Portuguese), Lhāsa - ल्हासा (Hindi), Lāsà - 拉萨 / 拉薩 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Rasa - ラサ (Japanese), Lasa - 라사 (Korean), Lasa - Ласа (Macedonian), Lkhasa - Лхаса (Russian)
Lucknow	लखनऊ (Hindi), লখনউ (Bengali), ਲਖਨਊ (Punjabi), લખનૌ (Gujarati), ଲକ୍ଷ୍ନୌ (Odisha), இலக்னோ (Tamil), Лакхнау (Russian), Lucknow (Dutch, English, French, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Spanish, Tagalog, Vietnamese), 勒克瑙 (Mandarin Chinese)

M

English Name	Other names or former names
Macau	Aomen - 澳门 (Mandarin Chinese, Simplified), Maa Gau - 馬交 (Cantonese (traditional characters), informal), Macao (Italian, French, Romanian, Spanish), Macau (Dutch, English, German, Portuguese), Macàthu (Scottish Gaelic), Makao - マカオ / 澳門 (Japanese), Makao (Finnish, Polish, Serbian, Turkish), Makao - Макао (Macedonian*), O Mun - 澳門 (Cantonese (traditional characters)), Omun - 오문 [澳門] (Korean), მაკაო (Georgian), 마카오 (Korean alternate), ما کاؤ (Urdu), மக்காவ் (Tamil) See also: Names of Macau
Makassar	Macassar (Portuguese, English variant), Makasar (Dutch, Polish, Norwegian var.), Makasar - Макасар (Macedonian), Makasaras (Lithuanian), Makassaru - マカッサル (Japanese), Ujungpandang (former Indonesian), Ujung Pandang (former Malay), Wàngjiāxī - 望加锡 (Chinese (simplified characters))ماکس سر (Urdu), மக்கசார் (Tamil), “‘ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ“‘ (Makassarese)
Malacca	Malaca (Portuguese, Spanish), Malacca (Italian), Malaka - Малака (Macedonian*), Malakka (Dutch, German, Polish), Mâ-la̍k-kah - 麻六甲 (Hokkien, Taiwanese), 马六甲 (Mandarin Chinese (simplified characters)), Malaqa - ملقا (Arabic), Marakka - マラッカ (Japanese), Melaka (Finnish, Malay, Indonesian), მალაკა (Georgian), مالک کا (Urdu), மலாக்கா (Tamil)
Manila	Mainile (Irish), Manila (Basque, Catalan, Cebuano, Croatian, Czech, Danish, English, Estonian, German, Ilokano, Indonesian, Italian, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Norwegian, Portuguese, Polish, Romanian, Slovak, Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Swahili, Turkish, Vietnamese, Waray), Manila - Манила (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian), Maníla (Icelandic), Mǎnílā - 马尼拉 (Mandarin Chinese (simplified characters)), Má-nî-la (Hokkien, Taiwanese), Manilha (Portuguese alternate), Manilla (Dutch, English alternate, German alternate, Finnish), Manille (French), Manilo (Esperanto), Manira - マニラ (Japanese), Maynila (Tagalog), Mênila - ম্যানিলা (Bengali), Menila (Kapampangan), مانيلا (Arabic), მანილა (Georgian), מנילה (Hebrew), 마닐라 (Korean), فیلیپین (Persian), மணிலா (Tamil), มะนิลา (Thai), مانىل (Uyghur), مانیلا (Urdu)
Mecca	Makkah al-Mukarramah - مكة المكرمة (Arabic, full name), Môkka - মক্কা (Bengali), Makka (Uzbek), Makkah (Malay), La Meca (Catalan, Spanish), Meca (Portuguese), La Mecca (Italian), Mecca (Romanian), La Mecque (French), Meice (Irish), Meka (Croatian, Slovene), Meka - Мека (Macedonian*, Serbian), Mekka (Basque, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Norwegian, Polish, Swedish), Mekka - メッカ (Japanese), Mekka - Мекка (Russian), Mekkah (Indonesian), Mekah (Malays), Məkkə (Azerbaijani), Mekke (Turkish), მექა (Georgian), மெக்கா (Tamil), مکّہ (Urdu)
Medina	al Madina al Munawwarah - المدينة المنورة (Arabic, full name), Modina - মদিনা (Bengali), Madina (Uzbek), Мadinah (Indonesian, Malay), Medina (Dutch, Finnish, German, Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Portuguese), Al-Medina - אל-מדינה (Hebrew), Medina - メディナ (Japanese), Medina - Медина (Macedonian*, Russian, Serbian), Mədinə (Azerbaijani), Médine (French), Medine (Turkish) Medyna (Polish), Meidíne (Irish), მედინა (Georgian), மெதீனா (Tamil), مدینہ (Urdu). Former name: Yathrib - يثرب (Arabic), Yasrib - يثرب (Urdu, Persian), Iyasrib - ইয়াসরিবে (Bengali), Yathrib - য়াথ্রিব (Sylheti)
Mumbai	Bombai (Catalan), Bombaim (Portuguese), Bombaj (Polish), Bombaj - Бомбај (former Macedonian), Bombay (English [former and variant], French, Italian, Romanian, Swedish, Turkish), Mumbai - মুম্বাই (Assamese, Bengali), Mumbai - ムンバイ (Japanese), Mumbaj - Мумбај (Macedonian*), Vomvái - Βομβάη (Greek), 孟買 (Chinese), मुंबई (Hindi, Marathi), ბომბეი / მუმბაი (Georgian), મુંબઈ (Gujarati), ಮುಂಬೈ (Kannada), 뭄바이 (Korean), मुम्बई (Nepali), ਮੁਮਬਏ (Panjabi), மும்பை (Tamil), بمبئی (Urdu), Mombai - মম্বাই (Sylheti)
Mymensingh	Moymonsingh/Moymonshingh - ময়মনসিংহ (Bengali), میمن سنگھ - Mayman Singh (Urdu, Pashto, Western Punjabi), میمن‌سینگ - Maymansīng (Persian), मय़मनसिंह (Hindi), मैमनसिंघ (Bhojpuri), 마이멘싱 (Korean), マイメンシン (Japanese), 迈门辛县 (Mandarin), ไมมันสิงห์ (Thai), Maimansingh (German), Maimansinghas (Lithuanian), Majmansing - Мајмансинг (Macedonian), Mojmonszinho (Polish), Маймансингх (Russian), Міменсінгх (Ukrainian) Historical names: Nasirabad নাসিরাবাদ (Bengali), নসরতশাহী - Nasratshahi/Nosrotshahi, মোমেনশাহী - Mu'min Shahi

N

English Name	Other names or former names
Nablus	Nāblūs (Arabic), Nabloes (Dutch), Naburusu - ナブルス (Japanese), Naplouse (French), Nablús (Spanish), Nablus (English, Italian, German, Portuguese, Turkish), Nablus - Наблус (Macedonian, Russian), Shkhem - שכם (Hebrew), ნაბლუსი (Georgian), نابلس (Urdu), நப்லூஸ் (Tamil)
Nagasaki	Chángqí - 长崎/長崎 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin), Nagasaki - 나가사키 (Korean), Nagasaki - Нагасаки (Macedonian*), Thành phố Nagasaki (Vietnamese)
Naha	Naha - 那覇 / ナハ (Japanese kanji / kana), 나하 (Korean), English, Naha - Наха (Macedonian), Nàbà - 那霸 (Mandarin), Nakha - Наха (Russian)
Nanjing	Nandžing - Нанџинг or Nanking - Нанкинг (Macedonian), Nánjīng - 南京 (Mandarin Chinese), Nankin - ナンキン (Japanese), Nankín (Spanish), Нанкин (Russian), Namgyeong 남경 (Korean), Nanjin - Нанжин (Mongolian), Nanzín'nk - Νανζίνγκ (Greek), Nanjing (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German, Italian) formerly Nanking
Nakhchivan	Naxçıvan (Azerbaijani), Nahçıvan (Turkish), Nahičevan - Нахичеван (Macedonian), Nakhijevan - Նախիջեվան (Armenian), Nexcivan - نخچيڤان (Kurdish), an Nacaiseaváin (Irish, Scottish Gaelic), Naktchevan (French), Nachitschewan (German), Nachitsjevan (Dutch), Nakhcivan (Italian), Nakhtxivan (Catalan), Najicheván (Spanish), Nakichevan (Portuguese), Nachitjevan (Swedish), Nakhitsjevan (Norwegian, Danish), Nahicseván (Hungarian), Nahhitševan (Estonian), Nakhichevanʼ - Нахичевань (Russian), Nakhichevanʼ - Нахічевань (Ukrainian), Nachiczewan (Polish), Nachičevan (Czech, Slovak), Nakhchivan - Нахчиван (Serbian), Nākhjāvān - نخجوان (Persian), Nakhchʼevani - ნახჭევანი (Georgian), Nakitseván - Νακιτσεβάν (Greek), Nakhchivan Ceety (Scots)*, Nakhitshevan - נחיצ'יבאן (Hebrew), Nakhitshifan - ناخيتشيفان (Arabic), Nākhtshewān - ܢܚܛܫܘܢ (Syriac), Nagsh-e Jahān - نقش جهان (former Persian)نخچی وان (Urdu), நக்கித்சேவான் (Tamil)
New Delhi	नई दिल्ली (Hindi), نئی دلی (Urdu), ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ (Punjabi), নয়া দিল্লী / নতুন দিল্লী (Bengali), புது தில்லி (Tamil), 新德里 (Chinese), Nueva Delhi (Spanish) Neu-Delhi (German), Nieuw-Delhi (Dutch alternate), Nuova Delhi (Italian), Yeni Delhi (Azerbaijani, Turkish), Nju-Deli - Нью-Дели (Russian), Nju Delhi - Њу Делхи (Macedonian*, Serbian), Nova Delhi (Catalan, Portuguese), Újdelhi (Hungarian), Nowe Delhi (Polish), Νέο Δελχί (Greek), Dellium Novum (Latin) Deilí Nua (Irish), დელი (Georgian), Nova Délhi (Portuguese), नवी दिल्ली (Marathi), Nyūderī - ニューデリー (Japanese), Niw délii - ນິວເດລີ (Lao)
Nicosia	Lefkosía - Λευκωσία (Greek), Nicosia (Hungarian, Italian, Romanian, Spanish, Swedish), Nicósia (Portuguese), Nicosie (French), Nikosia / Lefkosia Nikoshia - ニコシア (Japanese), Nikosia (German), Nikosija (Latvian, Russian, Ukrainian), Nikosio (Esperanto), Nikozija (Lithuanian), Nikozija - Никозија (Macedonian*, Serbian), Nikozja (Polish), Nīqūsiyā (Arabic), Lefkoşe or Lefkoşa (Turkish), ნიქოზია (Georgian), نکوسیا (Urdu), நிக்கோசியா (Tamil)

O

English Name	Other names or former names
Osaka	Dàbǎn - 大阪 (Chinese), Ōsaka - 大阪 [おおさか] (Japanese), Osaka - 오사카 (Korean), Daepan - 大阪 [대판] (former Korean), Ozaka - Οζάκα (Greek), ოსაკა (Georgian), Osaca (Portuguese), Osaka - Осака (Macedonian*), Ohsaka (historic German), اوساکا (Urdu), ஒசாக்கா (Tamil), Thành phố Ōsaka (Vietnamese), Osákaa -ໂອ່ຊະກາ (Lao)
Okinawa City	Chóngshěngshì - 冲绳市/沖縄市 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Okinawa-shi - 沖縄市 [おきなわし] (Japanese), Okinawa-si - 沖縄市 [오키나와 시] (Korean), Cung Sing Si - 沖繩市 (Cantonese), Okinawa Stad (Afrikaans), Okinawa stad (Dutch), Madinah Okinawa - مدينة أوكيناوا (Arabic), Okinava - Окинава (Macedonian*), Okinawa gorod - Окинава город (Russian), Thành phố Okinawa (Vietnamese), Lungsod ng Okinawa (Tagalog)

P

English Name	Other names or former names
Padang	Badangh - بادنغ (Arabic), Bādōng - 巴东 (Mandarin Chinese), Padan - パダン (Japanese), Padang - 파당 (Korean), Padang - Паданг (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian), Padang (Indonesian, Malay, English, Dutch, French, Spanish, Portuguese), Padangas (Lithuanian), Paṭāṅ - படாங் (Tamil), Pādạng - ปาดัง (Thai), پادنگ (Persian), پادانگ (Urdu), पादांग (Marathi)
Palembang	Balimbanj - باليمبانج (Arabic), Jùgǎng - 巨港 (Mandarin Chinese), Kī-káng / Kū-káng - 巨港 (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Palembang, Палембанг (Russian, Serbian, other languages using Cyrillic script), Palembangas (Lithuanian), Parenban - パレンバン (Japanese), Pelembang (Malay, Indonesian, colloquial speech), پالم بانگ (Urdu), பாலேம்பாங் (Tamil)
Peshawar	Báishāwǎ - 白沙瓦 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese)*, Báixiàwǎ - 白夏瓦 (traditional and simplified characters) (alternative Mandarin Chinese)*, Paśāvar - پشاور (Urdu [standard])*,^[KNAB] Pe̍h-sa-óa - 白沙瓦 (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Peśāvar - પેશાવર (Gujarati), Peśāvar - पेशावर (Hindi*,^[KNAB] Marathi*), Pešavar - Пешавар (Macedonian, Russian^[KNAB]), Peṣāvar - பெஷாவர் (Tamil)*, Peṣāvar - పెషావర్ (Telugu), Peśavāru - ޕެޝަވާރު (Dhivehi), Peşaver (Turkish)*, Pēšāwar - پیشاور (Dari), Peśāwar - پشاور (Urdu [local form]),^[KNAB] Pĕṣhāvar - പെഷാവര് (Malayalam),^[KNAB] Peshāvar - پشاور [Shahmukhi script]* /ਪੇਸ਼ਾਵਰ [Gurmukhi script]* (Punjabi alternative), Péshawar - پېشاۋار (Uyghur)*, Peshāwaru - ペシャーワル (Japanese)*, Peshoyār - পেশোয়ার (Bengali)*,^[KNAB] Pesyawareu - 페샤와르 (Korean) *, Pētwā - เปศวาร์ [pèːt waː] (Thai)*, Pex̌awar - پېښور (Pashto)*, Pişavar (Azerbaijani), Pišâvar - پیشاور (Persian)*, Pišāwar - بشاور (Arabic)*, Pishāvar - پشاور [Shahmukhi script]* / ਪਿਸ਼ਾਵਰ [Gurmukhi script] (Punjabi),^[KNAB] Pišor - پِشور (Hindko)
Pyongyang	Bình Nhưỡng (Vietnamese), Byawnyāngh - بيونيانغ (Arabic), Pêng-jióng - 平壤 (Hokkien/Taiwanese), Phenian (Romanian, Polish obsolete), Phenjan (Hungarian), Píngrǎng - 平壌 (Mandarin Chinese), Pjongjang (Polish), Pjongjang - Пјонгјанг (Macedonian*, Serbian), Pjöngjang (German), Pxenʼjan - Пхеньян (Russian), Pkheniani - ფხენიანი (Georgian), Pyeongyang/P'yŏngyang - 평양 [平壤] (Korean), Pyongyang (Danish, Dutch, English, French, Indonesian, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish), Pyonʼyan - 平壌 [ピョンヤン] (Japanese), پیونگ یانگ (Urdu), புயோங்கியாங் (Tamil), Pieng jaang - ພຽງຢາງ (Lao)
Phnom Penh	Nam Vang - (Vietnamese), พนมเปญ - (Thai), Nom Pen (Spanish), نوم پن (Urdu), புனோம் பென் (Tamil), Jīnbiān - 金边 / 金邉 (traditional and simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Punonpen - プノンペン (Japanese), Peunompen - 프놈펜 (Korean), Bnom Benh - بنوم بنه (Arabic), Pnom Pench - Πνομ Πενχ (Greek), Pnom Pen - پنوم پن (Persian/Farsi), Pnom Pen - Пном Пен (Macedonian*), Пномпень (Russian), Pahnom pénn -ພະນົມເປັນ (Lao)

Q

English name	Other names or former names
Qarshi	نخشب - Nakhshab (Persian), Карши - Karshi (Russian), Nasaf (former Uzbek), Karşı (Turkish), Karsji (Swedish), Qaršji (Finnish), Karši (Vepsian), Karszy (Polish)
Qingdao	Chingdao - 칭다오 (Korean), Cheongdo - 청도 (Korean [alternate]) Chintao - 青島 [チンタオ] (Japanese), Ḱingdao - Ќингдао (Macedonian), Tsingtao (English [former alternate]), Tsingtau (German)
Qom	Qum (Azerbaijani, Kurdish, Uzbek), Ĥomo (Esperanto), قم - Qum (Arabic), Kum (Turkish, Turkmen)
Quetta	کوټه - Kwaṭa (Pashto), شالکوټ - Shalkot (former Pashto), كويتا - Kawayitana (Arabic), Քվետա - K’veta (Armenian), Кветта - Kvetta (Russian)
Quezon City	Kesonurbo (Esperanto), Kyusi (alternative Tagalog), Keson (Azerbaijani), Kesonstitija (Latvian), Кесон-Сити - Keson Siti (Russian), Кезон қаласы - Kezon Qalası (Kazakh), ケソンシティ - Kesonshiti (Japanese), क्विज़ोन शहर - Kvizon Shahar (Hindi)

R

English Name	Other names or former names
Rạch Giá	Racža (Lithuanian), راش جيا - Rash Jia (Arabic), 拉奇亚 - Lā Qíyà (Chinese)
Raipur	রায়পুর - Rāẏapura (Bengali), ರಾಯಪುರ - Rāyapura (Kannada), റായ്പൂർ - Rāypūr (Malayalam)
Rajkot	રાજકોટ - Rājakōṭa (Gujarati), රාජ්කොට් - Rājkoṭ (Sinhala), राजकोट - Raajakot (Hindi), راجكوت - Rajkut (Arabic)
Ranchi	রাঁচিতে - Rām̐citē (Bengali), ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ - Rɔ̃ci (Santali) Ráncsí (Hungarian), Ráňčí (Czech)
Raqqa	الرَّقة - Ar-Raqqah (Arabic),Νικηφόριον - Nikephorion (Aincient Greek), Καλλίνικος - Kallinikos (alternate Aincient Greek), Ράκκα - Rakka (Greek), Racca (Waray), Reqa (Kurdish)
Rehovot	רְחוֹבוֹת - Rḥobot (Hebrew), רחובות - Rkhubus (Yiddish), رحوفوت - Rahwfut (Arabic)
Riyadh	Ar-Riyāḍ - الرياض (Arabic), Rijad - Ријад (Macedonian*), Riyāḍ - رياض (Persian, Urdu, Punjabi), Riyād - رىياد (Uyghur), Reyāz - ڕیاز (Central Kurdish), Riyadh - ৰিয়াধ (Assamese), Riyad - রিয়াদ (Bengali), रियाद (Hindi), रियाध (Marathi), ਰਿਆਧ (Punjabi), ରିଆଦ (Odia), ரியாத் (Tamil), ರಿಯಾಧ್ (Kannada), റിയാദ് (Malayalam), Líyădé 利雅得 (Mandarin), Riyado - リヤド (Japanese), Riyadeu - 리야드 (Korean), Er-Riyad - Эр-Рияд (Russian), Riant - Ριάντ (Greek), Riad (Spanish).
Rize	რიზინი - Rizini (Laz), Rizė (Lithuanian), ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಿ - Heccisi (Kannada), राइज़ - Raiz (Hindi), Риза - Riza (Russian), ሪዝ - Rīzi (Amharic), 瑞兹 - Ruì zī (Chinese), Ռիզե - Rrize (Armenian)
Rudny	Рудный - Rýdnyı (Kazakh), Rudnyj (Upper Sorbian, Polish, Swedish), Roudny (French), Rudnij (Spanish), Рудный - Rudnyy (Russian)
Rustavi	Rustawi (German, Upper Sorbian), Rusthavi (Estonian), Рустави - Rwstavï (Kazakh), Ռուսթավի - Rrust’avi (Armenian), ሩስታቭ - Rusitavi (Amharic), 루스 타비 - Luseutabi (Korean), ルスタヴィ- Rusutavu-i (Japanese)

S

English Name	Other names or former names
Sahiwal	Montgomery (Former colonial name changed to Sahiwal in 1966), ساہیوال (Urdu), சாஹிவால் (Tamil)
Samarkand	Samarcand (old Romanian), Samarcanda (Catalan, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish), Samarcande (French), Samarkand - Самарканд (Dutch, German, Macedonian*, Norwegian, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Samarkanda (Polish), Semerkant (Turkish), Samarkandas (Lithuanian), Samarkándhi - Σαμαρκάνδη (Greek), Səmərqənd (Azerbaijani), Samarqand (Uzbek, Estonian), Samarukando - サマルカンド (Japanese), Szamarkand (Hungarian), Somorkhond - সমরখন্দ (Bengali), სამარყანდი (Georgian), سمرقند (Persian/Urdu), సమర్ఖండ్ (Telugu), சமர்கந்து (Tamil)
Sapporo	Sapóro - Σαπόρο (Greek), Saporo – Саппоро (Macedonian), Sapporo (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German), Sapporo – 札幌 [さっぽろ] (Japanese), Sapporo - 삿포로 (Korean), Sapporo – Саппоро (Russian), Satporo (Ainu), Satporo kotan (Ainu),[15] Zháhuǎng – 札幌 (Mandarin Chinese), Sápolo -ສະໂປ່ໂລ (Lao)
Seoul	Gyeongseong - 경성 [京城] (historic Korean), Hànchéng - 漢城 (traditional characters) / 汉城 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese [recently superseded by Shǒuʼěr 首爾]), Hanseong - 한성 [漢城] (historic Korean), Hàn-siâⁿ - 漢城 (Hokkien, Taiwanese), Hansung (historic English), Hán Thành (Vietnamese), Hanyang - 한양 [漢陽] (historic Korean variant), Jīngchéng - 京城 (historic Chinese), Keijo (historic English), Kanjō - 漢城 [かんじょう] (historic Japanese), Keijō - 京城 [けいじょう] (historic Japanese), Seoel (Dutch), Seoul - 서울 (Korean), Séoul (French), Seul (Croatian, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Turkish, Azerbaijani), Seul - Сеул (Bulgarian, Macedonian*, Mongolian, Russian, Serbian), Seulum (Latin), Seulo (Esperanto), Seula (Latvian), Seúl (Spanish), Seül (Catalan), Σεούλ (Greek), Seulas (Lithuanian), Shǒu’ěr - 首爾 (traditional characters) / 首尔 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Soul (Czech, Slovak), Söul (Swedish, Estonian, historic German), Souru - ソウル (Japanese), Szöul (Hungarian), Xơ-un (Vietnamese), სეული (Georgian), กรุงโซล (Thai), సీయోల్ (Telugu), சியோல் (Tamil), سیؤل (Urdu) See also: Names of Seoul
Shanghai	Shànghăi - 上海 (Mandarin Chinese), Shanhai - 上海 [シャンハイ] (Japanese), Sanghae - 상해 (Korean), Shanghai (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German), Xangai (Portuguese, Catalan), Shankhay/Shankhaj - Шанхай (Russian), Sankái - Σαγκάη (Greek), Shankhain - Шанхайн (Mongolian), Ŝanhajo (Esperanto), Šangaj - (Croatian), Šangaj - Шангај (Macedonian*), Şangay (Turkish), Hangahai (Māori)
Shusha	Şuşa (Azerbaijani, Romanian, Turkish), Šuša - Шуша (Macedonian*, Serbian), Choucha (French), Schuscha (German), Shusha (Dutch), Scusca (Italian), Shushá (Spanish), Szusza (Polish), Shoshā - شوشا (Persian), Şuşî - شوشی (Kurdish), Shushi - Շուշի (Armenian), Shusha - შუშა (Georgian), Shusha - Шуша (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian), Sousá - Σουσά (Greek), Shusha - שושאַ (Yiddish), Shusha - שושה (Hebrew), Shushā - ﺷﻮﺸﺎ (Arabic), Shushā - ܫܫܐ (Syriac), شوشا (Urdu), சுஷா (Tamil)
Singapore	Cingapura (Brazilian Portuguese), Shingapōru - シンガポール (Japanese), Shōnan - 昭南 (Japanese [colonial name]), Singapour (French), Singapoúri - Σινγκαπούρη (Greek), Singapur (Catalan, Croatian, Polish, Spanish, Turkish), Singapur - Сингапур (Macedonian*, Russian, Serbian), Singapūra (Latvian), Singapura (Malay, Indonesian, Portuguese), Singeapór (Irish), Singeapòr (Scottish Gaelic), Sin-ka-pho - 新加坡 (Minnan/Taiwanese), Singkapore - 싱카포레 (Korean), Szingapúr (Hungarian), Temasek (Malay, Indonesian [archaic]), Xīnjiāpō - 新加坡 (Mandarin Chinese), სინგაპური (Georgian), சிங்கப்பூர் (Tamil),सिंगापूर (Hindi), सिंहपुर (Hindi alternative), सिंहपुरः (Sanskrit), సింగపూర్ (Telugu), سنگاپور (Urdu), Singgápo -ສີງກະໂປ (Lao) See also: Names of Singapore
Surabaya	Sìshuǐ - 泗水 (Mandarin Chinese), Soerabaja (Dutch), Surabaia (Portuguese), Surabaja (Latvian, Lithuanian, Polish), Surabaja - Сурабаја (Macedonian), Surabajo (Esperanto), Surabaya - سورابايا (Arabic), スラバヤ (Japanese), Сурабая (Russian), Suroboyo (spoken Javanese), سورا بایا (Urdu), சுராபயா (Tamil)
Sylhet	Silet - সিলেট (Bengali, Bishnupriya Manipuri), Silot - ছিলট (Sylheti, Assamese), سيلهت (Arabic, Persian), سلہٹ (Urdu, Western Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi), सिलेट (Hindi), सिलहट (Marathi), ਸਿਲੇਟ (Eastern Punjabi), સિલ્હેટ (Gujarati), സില്ഹെത് (Malayalam), சில்ஹெட் (Tamil), සිල්හෙට් (Sinhala), ಸಿಲೇಟ್ (Kannada), Srihotto (Polish), Silhet - Силхет (Macedonian), Silkhet - Силхет (Russian, Kazakh), Сілет (Ukrainian), Szilhet (Hungarian), Silhatas (Lithuanian), Silheto (Esperanto), 실렛 (Korean), シレット (Japanese), 錫爾赫特市 (Mandarin) Other name - Jalalabad - জালালাবাদ (Bengali, Sylheti, Bishnupriya Manipuri, Assamese), ਜਲਾਲਾਬਾਦ (Eastern Punjabi), جلال آباد (Urdu, Persian, Pashto, Western Punjabi, Sindhi), جلال اباد (Arabic), Jalaalabaad (Somali),

T

English Name	Other names or former names
Taipei	Daebuk – 대북 (Korean*), Đài Bắc (Vietnamese*),^[KNAB] Dài-báe̤k – 台北 (Mindong*), Daizbaek (Zhuang*), De poq [T3] – 台北 (Shanghainese Wu), Htuingpe – ထိုင်ပေ (Burmese*), Taibei (Estonian, Latvian), Táiběi – 台北 (simplified characters) / 臺北 (traditional characters)[lower-alpha 1] (Mandarin Chinese*),^[KNAB] Ţaibei – ტაიბეი (Georgian*), Táiběi fǔ – 臺北府 (historical Mandarin Chinese), Taibi – តៃប៉ិ (Khmer), Taihoku – 台北（たいぺい） (Japanese*),^[KNAB] Tâi-pak – 台北 (Hokkien [Taiwanese]*, Teochew), Tâi-pak-hú – 臺北府 (historical Hokkien [Taiwanese]), Taipahu (Tsou), Taipak (Bunun), Taipakʉ (Saaroa), Taipe (Kanakanabu), Taipe – ತೈಪೆ (Kannada*), Taipé (Portuguese*), Taipē – తైపే (Telugu), Ṭa‘ipē – ޓައިޕޭ (Divehi), Taīpē – ਤਾਈਪੇ – ٹاۓپی (Punjabi**), Tāipe – তাইপে (Bengali*), Tāipē – ताइपे (Hindi*), Tāipē – ٹاۓپی (Urdu*), Tāipē – ତାଇପେ (Oriya*), Taipeh (German*,^[KNAB] archaic English, Fijian*, Luxembourgian*), Taipei (Afrikaans*, Albanian*, Basque*, Breton*, Catalan*, Cebuano, Croatian*, Danish*, Dutch*, Estonian*, Finnish*, French*, West Frisian*, Galician*, Ilocano*, Indonesian*, Irish*, Italian*, Javanese*, Malagasy*, Malay*, Norwegian*, Occitan*, alternative Portuguese, Romanian*, Swahili*, Swedish*, Tagalog*, Tok Pisin*, Turkish*, Venetian*, Welsh*, Yoruba*), Taipéi (Achinese*, Asturian, Spanish*), Taípei (Icelandic*), Taïpéi – Ταϊπέι (Greek*), Tāipei – ताइपेइ (Marathi*), Tā'ipē'i – ताइपेइ (Nepali*, Newari*), Taipeia (Latin*),[17] Taipeium (Latin), Taipeja (Latvian*), Taipėjus (Lithuanian*), Tajbej – Тайбей (Ukrainian*), Tajbej – Тайбэй (Belarusian*, Buryat*, Mongolian*), Tajbèj – Тайбэй (Russian*),^[KNAB] Tajpe – Тайпе (Bulgarian*), Tajpej (Hungarian*,^[KNAB] Polish*,^[KNAB] Slovenian*), Tajpej – Тайпей (alternative Bulgarian, Tajik*), Tajpej – Тайпэй (Yakut*), Tajpej – Тајпеј (Macedonian*, Serbian*), Tāybayh – تَايْبِيه (Arabic*), Taybey – تایپه (Azerbaijani**, Uzbek*), Taybey – Тайбэй (Kazan Tatar*), Taybey – Տայբեյ (alternative Eastern Armenian), Taybéy – Тайбэй (Kazakh*, Kyrgyz*), Taýbeý (Turkmen), Tʿaybey – Թայբեյ (Eastern Armenian*), Tayipē – ታይፔ (Amharic*), Tāyipē – තායිපේ (Sinhalese*), Tayipèh (Franco-Provençal*), Taypae’ (Saisiyat), Taypak (Amis, Nataoran), Taypè (Haitian Creole*), Tâype – تایپه (Persian*), Taypey – טאיפיי (Hebrew*), Taypey – Տայբեյ (alternative Western Armenian), Tāypey – தாய்பெய் (Tamil*), Tāypēy – തായ്പേയ് (Malayalam*), Tʿaypey – Թայբեյ (Western Armenian), Tchaj-pej (Czech*, Slovak*), Teybëy – تەيبېي (Uyghur*), Tha’e pe – ཐའེ་པེ (Tibetan*), Thaipē – ไทเป [tʰaj peː (Thai*),[18] Thòi-pet – 台北 (Siyen Hakka*), Thòi-pet-fú – 臺北府 (historical Hakka), Tòihbāk – 台北 (Cantonese), تایپێ (Central Kurdish), Tai pay -ໄຕເປ (Lao)
Tashkent	Tachkent (French), Taschkent (German), Tashkent - Ташкент (Russian, Ukrainian), Tashqand (Arabic), Tasjkent (Dutch, Swedish, Danish), Taskéndi - Τασκένδη (Greek), Daşkənd (Azerbaijani), Taskent (Hungarian, Italian), Taszkent / Taszkient (Polish), ताशकन्द (Hindi), Taškenta (Latvian), Taškent (Slovak, Croatian), Taškent - Ташкент (Macedonian*, Serbian), Taaskenti (Romanian, Turkish), Taškentas (Lithuanian), Toshkent (Estonian, Uzbek), Tashikento - タシケント (Japanese), Taiscint (Irish), ტაშკენტი (Georgian), 타슈켄트 (Korean), تاشکنت (Persian), تاشقند (Urdu), தாஷ்கந்து (Tamil), Taşkent (Turkish), Tashkhond - তাশখন্দ (Bengali)
Tbilisi	Dìbǐlìsī - 第比利斯 (simplified characters) (Chinese),^[KNAB] Gürƶex - Гуьржех (Chechen),^[KNAB] Guržeğe - ГуржегӀе (Ingush),^[KNAB] Kalak - Калак (Ossetian),^[KNAB] Kart - Қарҭ (Abkhaz), Karti - ქართი (Mingrelian*), Kwrdžy - Курджы (Kabardian [Circassian]),^[KNAB] Tbili - თბილი (Svan), Tbilisi - თბილისი (Georgian,^[KNAB] alternative Mingrelian), Tbilisi (Basque, Irish, Italian, Latvian, Maltese, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Slovene, Swedish), Tbîlîsî (Kurdish), Tbilisi - Тбилиси (Macedonian*, Russian^[KNAB]), Tbilisi - Тбілісі (Ukrainian), Tbilissi (French), Tbilisis (Lithuanian), Tbiliszi (Hungarian), Teflīs - تفلیس (Persian),^[KNAB] Teubillisi / T'ŭbillisi - 트빌리시 (Korean), Tíbǐlǐxī - 提比里西 (Chinese [Taiwan]), Tiflīs (Arabic), Tiflis (Dutch, German, Spanish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, former English, former Italian, former Romanian), Tiflída - Τιφλίδα (Greek),^[KNAB] Tiflis - Тифлис (former Russian),^[KNAB] Tífúlìsī - 提弗利司 / Tífúlǐsī - 梯弗裡斯 (Chinese [archaic]), Tobirishi - トビリシ (Japanese)*, Ţp'ilisi - ტფილისი (historic Georgian), Tp'xis - Տփխիս (Armenian), Tyflis (former Polish), طفلس (Urdu), திமிலிசி (Tamil)
Tehran	Tahran (Turkish), Teheran (Croatian, Danish, Finnish, German, Italian, Polish, Romanian), Teheran - Техеран (Macedonian*), Téhéran (French), Teerão (Portuguese), Tehron (Uzbek), Teheran - テヘラン (Japanese), Teherán (Hungarian, Spanish), تهران (Persian), Teheráni - Τεχεράνη (Greek), تہران (Urdu), தெஹ்ரான் (Tamil)
Tianjin	Tiānjīn - 天津 (Mandarin Chinese), Tianjin (English, French, Spanish, Italian), Tjenǵin - Тјенѓин (Macedonian), Amatsu - [アマツ] (Japanese), Choenjin - 천진 (Korean), Thiên Tân (Vietnamese), Tyanjin - Тяньжин (Mongolian),
Tobolsk	Tabalq – Табалˮ (Nenets),^[KNAB] Tabolsk – Табольск (Belarusian*), Têpył woš – Тәпыӆ вош (Khanty),^[KNAB] Tobıl – Тобыл (Kazakh),^[KNAB] Tobolium (Latin*),[19][20][21] Tobolscum (Latin),[19][22] Tobolsk (French*, German*, Polish*, Spanish*), Tobolsk - Тоболск (Macedonian), Tobol’sk – Тобольск (Russian),^[KNAB] Tobol’s’k – Тобольськ (Ukrainian*), Toboļska (Latvian*),^[KNAB] Toborisuku – トボリスク (Japanese*), Tubıl – Тубыл (Bashkir*, Kazan Tatar*^[KNAB]), Tuōbóěrsīkè – 托博爾斯克 (Mandarin Chinese*), Tūpel ūs – Тӯпел ӯс (Mansi)^[KNAB]
Tokyo	Dokyo - 도쿄 (Korean), Dōngjīng - 東京 (traditional characters) / 东京 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Donggyeong - 동경 [Hanja: 東京] (Korean), Dùnggìng - 東京 (Cantonese), Edo / Yedo (English [archaic]), Edo - 江戸 [えど] (historic Japanese), Jiānghù - 江戶 (historic Chinese), Tóiceo (Irish), Tokio (Dutch, historic English, Finnish, German, Italian variant, Polish, Romanian, Serbian, Spanish, Uzbek), Tokio - Токио (Macedonian*), Tókio - Tόκυο (Greek), Tokió (Hungarian), Tocio (Latin), Tokyo (Indonesian, Italian, Malay, Turkish), Tōkyō - 東京 [とうきょう] (Japanese), Tang-kiaⁿ - 東京 (Minnan / Taiwanese), Tokyo / Đông Kinh (Vietnamese), Tòquio (Catalan), Tóquio (Portuguese), โตเกียว (Thai), ტოკიო (Georgian), Tokijas (Lithuanian), टोक्यो (Hindi) ,ٹوکیو (Urdu), டோக்கியோ (Tamil)
Trabzon	Torabuzon - トラブゾン (Japanese), Trabzon (Azerbaijani, Romanian, Turkish), Trabzon - Трабзон (Macedonian*), Trapesunta (former Italian), Trapizoni - ტრაპიზონი (Georgian*), Trapezunt (German, Polish, former Romanian), Trapezúnda - Τραπεζούντα (Greek), Trebisonda (Catalan, Italian*, Portuguese, Spanish), Trebizonda (former Romanian alternative to Trapezunt), Trébizonde (French), Trebizon (former variant in English), Տրապիզոն (Armenian), ترابزون (Urdu), திராப்சன் (Tamil), طربزون (Ottoman Turkish,Persian)

U

English Name	Other names or former names
Ulaanbaatar	Bogdo-Kurenʼ - Богдо-Курень (historical Russian),^[KNAB] Daa Khüree - Даа Хүрээ (historical Mongolian),^[KNAB] Ikh Khüree - ᠶᠡᠬᠡ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ Их Хүрээ (historical Mongolian),^[KNAB] Kùlún 库伦 (simplified characters) / 庫倫 (traditional characters) (historical Mandarin Chinese),^[KNAB] Kuren (historical English), Niislel Khüree - ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ Нийслэл Хүрээ (historical Mongolian),^[KNAB] Nomyn Khüree - ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠨ Номын Хүрээ (historical Mongolian), Örgöö - ᠥᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡ Өргөө (historical Mongolian),^[KNAB] Oulan-Bator (French),^[KNAB] Ourga (historical French), Ulaan Baatar - Улаан Баатар (Buryat), Ulaanbaatar - Улаанбаатар (Mongolian)*, Ulaɣanbaɣatur - ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤᠷ (Classical Mongolian),^[KNAB] Ulan Baatr - Улан Баатр (Kalmyk)*, Ulan-Baatır - Улан-Баатыр (Kyrgyz), Ulanbátar (Slovak)*, Ulánbátar (Irish)*, Ulan-Batır - Ұлан-Батыр (Kazakh)*, `Ūlānbātǭ - อูลานบาตอร์ [ʔuː laːn baː tɔː] (Thai),[23] Ulánbátor (Hungarian)*, Ulan Bator (Indonesian*, Italian*, Malay*), Ulan Bator - Улан Батор (Macedonian*), Ulán Bator (Spanish, Portuguese), Ułan Bator (Polish)*, Ulan-Bator - Улан–Батор (Russian*,^[KNAB] Ukrainian*, Uzbek), Ulan-Batori - ულან-ბატორი (Georgian)*, Ulan Batur (Turkish)*, Ulanbatur ئۇلانباتۇر (Uyghur)*,^[KNAB] Ullanbatareu - 울란바타르 (Korean)*, Uranbātoru - ウランバートル (Japanese)*,^[KNAB] Urga (historical English, Latin*), Ürgöö - Үргөө (historical Buryat), Uruga - ウルガ (historical Japanese),^[KNAB] Wūlánbātuō - 乌兰巴托 (simplified characters) / 烏蘭巴托 (traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese)^[KNAB], उलान बतोर (Hindi), اولان باتر (Urdu), உலான்பத்தார் (Tamil)
Urumqi	Wūlǔmùqí - 乌鲁木齐 / 烏魯木齊 (simplified and traditional characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Urumuchi - ウルムチ(Japanese), 우루무치 (Korean), Ürimşi - Үрімші (Kazakh), Ouroúmki - Ουρούμκι (Greek) Ürümchi - ئۈرۈمچی (Uyghur), उरुमची (Hindi), Urumçi (Turkish), Urumči - Урумчи (Macedonian)

V

English Name	Other names or former names
Vientiane	Biantian - 비안티안 (Korean alternative), Bientian - 비엔티안 (Korean), Bienchan - ビエンチャン (Japanese), Éng-tin - 永珍 (Hokkien, Taiwanese), Vʼentʼjan - Вьентьян (Russian), Vīangchan - ວຽງຈັນ (Lao), Vienchan - ヴィエンチャン (Japanese), Vienciana (Portuguese), Viêng Chăn (Vietnamese), Vientijan - Виентијан (Macedonian*), Vientián (Spanish), Vientian (Slovak), Vientianas (Lithuanian), Vientiane (Catalan, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Icelandic, Indonesian, Italian, Norwegian, Portuguese, Swahili, Swedish), Vienţiani - ვიენტიანი (Georgian), Wànxiàng - 萬象 (traditional characters) / 万象 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese usage in China), Wīangčhan - เวียงจันทน์ (Thai), Wientian (Polish), Wihngjān - 永珍 (Cantonese), Yǒngzhēn - 永珍 - (Mandarin Chinese usage outside of China and historical form in China), Yún-tsṳ̂n - 永珍 (Hakka), Vieng Chan (Khmer), ویئن تیان (Urdu), வியாந்தியன் (Tamil)
Vladivostok	Beulladiboseutok - 블라디보스톡 (alternative spelling in Korean), Beulladiboseutokeu - 블라디보스토크 (Korean), Beullajiboseu-ttokeu - 블라지보스또크 (spelling used by Koreans in China), Fúlādíwòsītuōkè - 符拉迪沃斯托克 (Chinese),^[KNAB] Hǎishēnwǎi - 海參崴 (Chinese* traditional usage and usage outside of China),^[KNAB] Haesamwi - 해삼위 (obsolete name in Korean), Uladzivastok – Уладзівасток (Belarusian*), Urajio - 浦塩 (alternative name in Japanese),^[KNAB] Urajiosutoku - ウラジオストク (Japanese), Ullajibosŭttokhŭ - 울라지보스또크 (spelling used in North Korean standard), Vladivostok (French*, Vietnamese*), Vladivostok – Владивосток (Macedonian*, Russian*), Vladyvostok – Владивосток (Ukrainian*),^[KNAB] Wladiwostok (German*), Władywostok (Polish*),^[KNAB] ولادی ووستوک (Urdu), விலாடிவோஸ்டாக் (Tamil)

X

English Name	Other names or former names
Xiamen	Amoi - アモイ (Japanese), `Āmǭi - อามอย (historic Thai), Amoj - Амой (historic Russian), Amoy (historic English), Â-muòng 廈門 (Mindong), Ē-mn̂g - 廈門 (Hokkien, Taiwanese), Ē-mûi - 廈門 (Zhangzhou Hokkien), Hạ Môn (Vietnamese), Hahmùhn - 廈門 (Cantonese), Hamun - 하문 (Korean), Hà-mûn - 廈門 (Hakka), Hà-mún - 廈門 (Gan), Shiamen - シアメン (Japanese alternative), Siamœ̄n - เซียะเหมิน (Thai), Sjamenʼ - Сјамен (Macedonian), Sjamynʼ - Сямынь (Russian),^[KNAB] Xiàmén - 廈門 (traditional characters) / 厦门 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), சியாமென் (Tamil), سیامن (Urdu)
Xi'an	Chang'an - 长安 (simplified characters) / 長安 (traditional characters) (Mandarin [archaic]), Seian - 西安 (Japanese), Sian - 시안 (Korean), Sian - Сиан (Macedonian), Сиань (Russian), Tây An (Vietnamese)

Y

English Name	Other names or former names
Yakutsk	Djokuuskaj Дьокуускай (Yakut local variant),^[KNAB] Jakutsk (German), Jakutsk - Јакутск (Macedonian*), Jakutsk - Якутск (Russian),^[KNAB] Jákutskaj - Якутскай (Yakut standard variant),^[KNAB] Jakutʼsk - Якутськ (Ukrainian), Yǎkùcíkè - 雅庫茨克 (traditional characters) / 雅库茨克 (simplified characters) (Mandarin Chinese), Yakūtsuku - ヤクーツク (Japanese), یاقوتسک (Urdu), யாகுட்ஸ்க் (Tamil)
Yamaguchi	ያማጉቺ - Yamaguchī (Amharic), Јамагучи - Jamaguči (Macedonian), Ямагучи - Yamagwçï (Kazakh), 山口 - Shānkǒu (Chinese)
Yangon	Rangoon (former English), ນະຄອນຢາງກຸ້ງ - Yang Kung (Lao), ย่างกุ้ง - Ỳāngkûng (Thai), 仰光 - Yǎng guāng (Chinese), Rangún (Spanish), Rangunum (Latin), Jangona (Latvian), Jangunās (Lithuanian), Rangum (Portuguese), Ýangon (Turkmen), Jangún (Icelandic), Yangjgvangh (Zhuang), Ρανγκούν - Ran'nkoún (Greek), ரங்கூன் - Raṅkūṉ (Tamil), ያንግየን - Yanigiyeni (Amharic), ᱭᱮᱝᱜᱳᱱ - Yeṃgon (Santali), यांगून - Yaangoon (Hindi), යැන්ගොන් - Yængon (Sinhala)
Yazd	යස්ඩ් - Yasḍ (Sinhala), Jazd (Croatian), Lazde (Portuguese), يزد - Yazid (Arabic), याज्ड - Yājḍa (Marathi)
Yekaterinburg	Ekaterimburgo (Spanish), Ēkaṭērin bērg - ఏకటేరిన్ బేర్గ్ (Telugu), Ekaterinburg (Catalan [alternate], Romanian, Turkish, Italian), Ekaterinburg - Екатеринбург (Macedonian*), Ek'at'erinburga - ეკატერინბურგი (Georgian), Ekaterinburuku/Ekacherinburuku - エカテリンブルク/エカチェリンブルク (Japanese), Ekaterinoupolis - Αικατερινούπολις (Greek - καθαρεύουσα), Iaketarinburg (Catalan), Iekaterinbourg / Ekaterinbourg (French), Jekaterinenburg (Dutch), Jekaterinburg (Danish, German, Serbian (Latin), Slovene, Swedish), Jekaterinburga (Latvian), Jekaterinburgas (Lithuanian), Jekaterynburg (Polish), Jekatyerinburg (Hungarian), Sverdlovsk (former name), یکاترین بورگ (Urdu), ஏக்காதேரின்பர்க் (Tamil)
Yerevan	Eireaván (Irish), Ereban - エレバン (Japanese), Erevan (Catalan, French, English [rare], Portuguese variant, Romanian, Slovene), Ereván (Spanish), Erevan - Ереван (Macedonian*), Erevāna (Latvian), Erevani - ერევანი (Georgian), Erewan - Երևան (Armenian), Erivan (Turkish), Erywań (former Polish), Iereván - Υερεβάν (Greek), Iravaan (Persian), İrəvan (Azerbaijani), Jerevan (Czech, Danish, Estonian, Finnish, Slovak, Serbian (Latin), Swedish), Jerevan - Jереван (Serbian), Jereván (Hungarian), Jerevanas (Lithuanian), Jerewan / Eriwan (Dutch, German), Revan (former Turkish and Persian), Yerevan (Indonesian, Portuguese, Uzbek), Yerevan - Երեւան (Armenian), Yerevan - Ереван (Russian, Ukrainian), Yērevān - యేరెవాన్ (Telugu), Yirīfān (Arabic), اری وان (Urdu), யெரேவான் (Tamil)
Yinchuan	Gîn-chhoan (Southern Min), Ngân Xuyên (Vietnamese), Yinzconh (Zhuang), Ngiùn-chhôn (Hakka), ينتشوان - Yantashwan (Arabic), 銀川 - Ginkawa (Japanese), 인촨 - Inchwan (Korean)
Yogyakarta	Dzhokyakarta - Джокьякарта (Russian), Džogjakarta (Lithuanian), Jogja, Jokja (colloquial Javanese, Indonesian), Jogjakarta - Јогјакарта (Macedonian), Jokujakaruta - ジョグジャカルタ市 (Japanese), Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (official Javanese name), Rìrě - 日惹 (Mandarin Chinese), Yogyakarta, Yujyakarta - يوجياكرتا (Arabic), جوگ جاکارتا (Urdu), யோக்யகர்த்தா (Tamil)
Yokohama	Jokohama (Afrikaans, Polish, Slovenina, Slovak, Finnish), Ᏺ⁠Ꭺ⁠Ꭽ⁠Ꮉ - Yogohama (Cherokee), ᐃᐅᑯᐊᒪ - Iukuama (Inuktitut), ইয়োকোহামা - Iẏōkōhāmā (Bengali), 横滨 - Hèngbīn (Chinese), ໂຍໂຄຮາມາ - Onyokhama (Lao), يوكوهاما - Yukuhama (Arabic), योकोहामा - Yokohaama (Hindi), ಯೋಕೊಹಾಮಾ - Yōkohāmā (Kannada)
Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk	Влади́мировка - Vladimirovka (Former Russian), ユジノサハリンスク- Yujinosaharinsuku (Japanese),Yujno Saxalinsk (Uzbek), 豊原市 - Toyohara (former Japanese), Joezno-Sachalinsk (Afrikaans), Juschno-Sachalinsk (German), Jużnosachalińsk (Polish)

Z

English Name	Other names or former names
Zabol	ዛቦል - Zaboli (Amharic), জাবল - Jābala (Bengali), ზაბოლი - Zaboli (Georgian), Zabols (Latvian), Zabolis (Lithuanian), زابول - Zabul (Arabic)
Zahedan	زاهدان - Zâhedân (Balochi), Zahedanas (Lithuanian), زاهدان - Zahidan (Arabic), ហ្សាដាន់ - Hsaadan (Khmer)
Zamboanga	ዛምቦጋን - Zamibogani (Amharic), জ়মবআংগা - Zamaba'āṅgā (Bengali), Sambuangan (Tausūg), Замбоанги - Zamboangi (Russian), ઝામબોંગા - Jhāmabōṅgā (Gujarati)
Zarqa	ហ្សាកា - Hsaaka (Khmer), Az-Zarka (Polish), Zerka (Turkish), Zarká (Czech)
Zaqatala	Ç̌araqhi - Чӏарахъи (Lak),^[KNAB] Zakatala (Turkish), Zakatala - ზაქათალა (Georgian),^[KNAB] Zakatala - Закатала (Avar^[KNAB], Macedonian*), Zak‘at‘ala - Զաքաթալա (Armenian), Zakataly - Закаталы (Russian),^[KNAB] Zaqatala [Загатала] (Azerbaijani)^[KNAB] زکا تالا (Urdu), சகாதலா (Tamil)
Zangilan	Kovsakan - Կովսական (Armenian),^[KNAB] Kovsakan - Ковсакан (Russian alternative), Pirčevan - Пирчеван (historial Russian pre–1957),^[KNAB] Pirçivan (historial Azerbaijanipre–1957),^[KNAB] Zangelan - Զանգելան (historial Armenian pre–1993),^[KNAB] Zangelan - Зангелан (Russian),^[KNAB] Zəngilan [Зәнҝилан] (Azerbaijani),^[KNAB] Zengelan [Зәнгәлан, زهنگهلان] (Kurdish),^[KNAB] Zengilan (Turkish), Zengilan - Зенгилан (Macedonian*), زانگیلان (Urdu), சங்கிலான் (Tamil)
Zhengzhou	Teishū - 鄭州 (Japanese), Jeongjeou - 정저우 (Korean), Tshinghtshu - تشنغتشو (Arabic), Dzhŭndzhou - Джънджоу (Bulgarian), ჟენჟოუ - Zhenzhou (Georgian), Чжэнчжоу - Chzhenchzhou (Russian), Жэнчжоу - Jenchjou (Mongolian), Džendžou (Latvian), Чжэнчжоу - Çjénçjow (Kazakh), Hengенгжу - Hengengžu (Macedonian), ઝેંગઝુ - Jhēṅgajhu (Gujarati), झेंग्झौ Jhengjhau (Hindi), Trịnh Châu (Vietnamese), เจิ้งโจว - Ceîng cow (Thai), ஜெங்ஜோ - Jeṅjō (Tamil)
Zhoushan	Chiu-san-chhī (Southern Min), Ciŭ-săng (Eastern Min), ហ្សូសាន់ - Hsaausan (Khmer)
Zibo	ஜிபோ - Jipō (Tamil), സിബോ - Sibēā (Malayalam), Зибо - Zïbo (Kazakh), ઝિબો - Jhibō (Gujarati), Цзыбо - Tszybo (Russian)
Zonguldak	ઝોંગુલદાક - Jhōṅguladāka (Gujarati), ზონგულდაკი - Zonguldak’i (Georgian), ব্যাটম্যান - Byāṭamyāna (Bengali), Zonguldakā (Latvian), Zonguldakas (Lithuanian)

See also

• Exonym and endonym
• Articles on names of places in Asia
• List of Latin place names in Asia
• List of Asian regions with alternative names
• List of names of European cities in different languages
• List of country names in various languages
• List of Arabic place names
• List of Hebrew place names
• List of Russian exonyms
• List of Turkish exonyms
• List of Turkish place names
• Japanese exonyms
• Vietnamese exonyms

Notes

1. Although use of the full traditional form of 臺 is encouraged by the ROC Ministry of Education,[16] the simplified form 台北 is now more common than 臺北 in Taiwan and areas where traditional Chinese is normally used.

References

1. [KNAB] "KNAB, the Place Names Database of EKI". Eki.ee. Retrieved 1 January 2013.

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14. Ralph Leighton. Tuva Or Bust!: Richard Feynman's Last Journey. W. W. Norton & Company, 2000. p. 68. ISBN 978-0393320695 [In the summer of 1929, Dr. Anna Maennchen tried to send a telegram to her husband Dr. Otto Mänchen-Helfen in] "the town of Kyzyl-Khoto in the country of Tannu Tuva".
15. John Batchelor. An Ainu-English-Japanese dictionary (including a grammar of the Ainu language). 2nd ed. Tokyo: 1905. p. 90.
16. Shih Hsiu-chuan (14 December 2010). "Premier Respects 'Choice' on Spelling". Taipei Times. p. 3. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
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20. Ph. Ferrarius, M.-A. Baudrand, Novum lexicon geographicum, tomus primus, Isenaci, 1677, p. 272
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